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Talbert", "Enes Yılandiloğlu", "Ryan Horne", "Chris de Lisle" ], "copyrightNotice": "creators", "use": "representative-point-and-source-metadata", "scopes": [ "/items/98/anchors/8/source", "/items/98/geometry/latitude", "/items/98/geometry/longitude", "/items/98/authorities/0/id" ] }, { "id": "pleiades-423106", "subjectId": "three-taverns", "sourceAnchorId": "gazetteer-point", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/423106", "title": "Tres Tabernae", "creators": [ "L. Quilici", "S. Quilici Gigli" ], "contributors": [ "R. Talbert", "Brady Kiesling", "Sean Gillies", "Johan Åhlfeldt", "Jeffrey Becker", "Tom Elliott" ], "copyrightNotice": "contributors", "use": "representative-point-and-source-metadata", "scopes": [ "/items/99/anchors/1/source", "/items/99/geometry/latitude", "/items/99/geometry/longitude", "/items/99/authorities/0/id" ] }, { "id": "pleiades-550924", "subjectId": "thyatira", "sourceAnchorId": "gazetteer-point", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/550924", "title": "Thyateira", "creators": [ "C. Foss", "G. Reger", "S. Mitchell" ], "contributors": [ "Brady Kiesling", "Sean Gillies", "Johan Åhlfeldt", "Jeffrey Becker", "Tom Elliott", "DARMC", "R. Talbert", "Enes Yılandiloğlu" ], "copyrightNotice": "creators", "use": "representative-point-and-source-metadata", "scopes": [ "/items/100/anchors/1/source", "/items/100/geometry/latitude", "/items/100/geometry/longitude", "/items/100/authorities/0/id" ] }, { "id": "pleiades-678437", "subjectId": "tyre", "sourceAnchorId": "gazetteer-point", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/678437", "title": "Tyrus/Col. Septimia Severa", "creators": [ "E.M. Meyers", "J.P. Brown" ], "contributors": [ "Brady Kiesling", "Sean Gillies", "Rosemary Selth", "Jeffrey Becker", "Jamie Novotny", "H. Kopp", "W. Röllig", "B. Siewert-Mayer", "Rune Rattenborg", "R. Talbert", "Johan Åhlfeldt", "Enes Yılandiloğlu", "Carolin Johansson", "Tom Elliott", "DARMC", "R. Scott Smith", "Greta Hawes", "Francis Deblauwe", "Eric Kansa" ], "copyrightNotice": "creators", "use": "representative-point-and-source-metadata", "scopes": [ "/items/102/anchors/2/source", "/items/102/geometry/latitude", "/items/102/geometry/longitude", "/items/102/authorities/0/id" ] } ] }, "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/data/agent/commons/v1/places.json", "scripture": "References only. No Bible translation text is included; cite the reference and read it in a licensed or public-domain edition.", "itemCount": 104, "items": [ { "id": "damascus", "name": "大馬士革", "summary": "大馬士革是記述保羅早期活動的城市。《使徒行傳》敘述他抵達、宣講和逃離該城。《加拉太書》回顧他從阿拉伯返回，《哥林多後書》則記述一次涉及亞哩達手下官員的逃離。這些記述出自不同文獻；共有的城市名稱不能確定其事件次序如何銜接。在《使徒行傳》中，路上的相遇發生於掃羅進入大馬士革之前。城市的代表點不能定位那次路上相遇。", "anchors": [ { "id": "acts-arrival", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 9:8-25", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "road-context", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 9:3", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "galatians-return", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Galatians 1:17", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "corinthian-escape", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Corinthians 11:32-33", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "678106; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/678106/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "acts-arrival-and-escape", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "acts-arrival" ], "qualifies": [ "road-context" ], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》把接近該城後的掃羅置於大馬士革，敘述他在城中活動，隨後逃離。", "limit": "這交代敘事中的城市背景，既不辨認路上相遇的確切位置，也不把每次重述大馬士革的記載視為另一次到訪。" }, { "id": "letter-notices", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "galatians-return", "corinthian-escape" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《加拉太書》記述從阿拉伯返回大馬士革；《哥林多後書》描述說話者從一位與亞哩達有關的官員手下逃脫。", "limit": "兩封書信各有記述；兩段都沒有完整解釋其時間次序與《使徒行傳》的關係。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.damascus", "aliases": [ "Damascus" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 9:2", "ACT 9:3", "ACT 9:8", "ACT 9:10", "ACT 9:19", "ACT 9:22", "ACT 9:27", "ACT 22:5", "ACT 22:6", "ACT 22:10", "ACT 22:11", "ACT 22:12", "ACT 26:12", "ACT 26:20", "2CO 11:32", "GAL 1:17" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 9:11", "ACT 9:23", "ACT 9:24", "ACT 9:25", "2CO 11:33" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "678106", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "independent-pleiades-damascus" }, { "scheme": "wikidata", "id": "Q3766", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "independent-wikidata-damascus" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": "damascus", "geometry": { "latitude": 33.511612, "longitude": 36.309102, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "acts-arrival-and-escape" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "2-corinthians", "galatians" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-damascus" }, { "id": "caesarea", "name": "沿海的凱撒利亞", "summary": "沿海的凱撒利亞是《使徒行傳》所提的海岸城市。它既是行程的接點、保羅與腓利同住的地方，也是羅馬官員拘留和審訊保羅的所在。另一些段落把腓利、哥尼流或希律置於該城，卻沒有記述保羅到訪。該城有別於凱撒利亞腓立比。地名反覆出現，並不表示每次都有一次保羅抵達的事件；地圖代表點也不能辨認審訊室、監獄或任何特定建築。", "anchors": [ { "id": "first-transfer", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 9:30", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "later-arrival", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 18:22", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "philip-stay", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 21:8-16", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "custody-arrival", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 23:33-35", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "custody-duration", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 24:27", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "festus-setting", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 25:1-13", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "philip-context", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 8:40", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "cornelius-context", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 10:1", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "herod-context", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 12:19", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "678401; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/678401/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-travel-and-stay", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "first-transfer", "later-arrival", "philip-stay" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》記述保羅途經凱撒利亞，後來又在那裏與腓利同住，然後繼續前往耶路撒冷。", "limit": "此處地名指海岸城市，有別於凱撒利亞腓立比。提及該城不一定表示保羅曾到訪。" }, { "id": "custody-setting", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "custody-arrival", "custody-duration", "festus-setting" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》以凱撒利亞為保羅被拘留，以及涉及腓力斯和非斯都之審理程序的背景。", "limit": "這是敘事背景，並非辨認已發掘的法庭、囚室或事件的確切座標。" }, { "id": "other-actors", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "philip-context", "cornelius-context", "herod-context" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》其他凱撒利亞記載涉及腓利、哥尼流和希律，而非保羅在場。", "limit": "另一人物身處何地的提及，不能支持保羅抵達或居住的主張。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.caesarea", "aliases": [ "Caesarea", "Caesarea Maritima" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 8:40", "ACT 9:30", "ACT 10:1", "ACT 10:24", "ACT 11:11", "ACT 12:19", "ACT 18:22", "ACT 21:8", "ACT 21:16", "ACT 23:23", "ACT 23:33", "ACT 25:1", "ACT 25:4", "ACT 25:6", "ACT 25:13" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 23:34", "ACT 23:35", "ACT 24:27" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "678401", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "independent-pleiades-caesarea" }, { "scheme": "wikidata", "id": "Q319242", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "independent-wikidata-caesarea" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": "caesarea", "geometry": { "latitude": 32.5018388, "longitude": 34.8924472, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-travel-and-stay" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-caesarea" }, { "id": "cyprus", "name": "塞浦路斯", "summary": "塞浦路斯是《使徒行傳》宣教記述中保羅和巴拿巴抵達的島嶼。該書後來描述巴拿巴和馬可與保羅分開後乘船前往。其他段落把一些人物與塞浦路斯聯繫，或描述保羅一行從島旁經過、在其背風處航行。這些不同用法並非都記述保羅登島。島嶼有別於島上任何一座城市；其地圖代表點不能標示登岸處或古代行省邊界。", "anchors": [ { "id": "mission-island", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 13:4-6", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "barnabas-mark", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 15:39", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "later-sea-route", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 21:3", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "rome-sea-route", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:4", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "scattered-and-origin", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 11:19-20", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "mnason-origin", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 21:16", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "707498; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/707498/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-island-mission", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "mission-island" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》描述保羅和巴拿巴抵達塞浦路斯，從撒拉米橫過島嶼，繼續前往帕弗。", "limit": "該段描述橫越島嶼的行程，沒有把全島等同於撒拉米或帕弗，也沒有定位單一登岸點。" }, { "id": "different-travel-relations", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "barnabas-mark", "later-sea-route", "rome-sea-route" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》另述巴拿巴與馬可航往塞浦路斯，以及後來保羅一行從島旁經過或在其背風處航行的航程。", "limit": "巴拿巴與馬可的航程不是保羅另一次到訪；後來的海上路線描述本身也不表示登岸。" }, { "id": "origin-and-community-notices", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "scattered-and-origin", "mnason-origin" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》也把塞浦路斯與四散的信徒、來自島上的人，以及拿孫聯繫。", "limit": "這些是有關段落中人物的遷移或出身關係，並非保羅在那些場合到訪塞浦路斯的證據。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.cyprus", "aliases": [ "Cyprus" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 11:19", "ACT 11:20", "ACT 13:4", "ACT 15:39", "ACT 21:3", "ACT 21:16", "ACT 27:4" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 13:5", "ACT 13:6" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "707498", "targetKind": "island", "receiptId": "independent-pleiades-cyprus" }, { "scheme": "wikidata", "id": "Q644636", "targetKind": "island", "receiptId": "independent-wikidata-cyprus" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "island", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 34.99543568254809, "longitude": 33.22246680789437, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-island-mission" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-cyprus" }, { "id": "pisidian-antioch", "name": "彼西底的安提阿", "summary": "彼西底的安提阿是《使徒行傳》中以彼西底作限定的城市，有別於奧龍特斯河畔的安提阿。該書描述保羅和巴拿巴在那裏教導、遭遇反對，後來又返回並途經該城。《提摩太後書》在回顧迫害時，把安提阿與以哥念、路司得並列。因此，相同的安提阿名稱須按各段語境理解。書信中的回顧本身不能確定其作者、事件日期，或各次行程如何銜接。", "anchors": [ { "id": "acts-mission", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 13:14-52", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "acts-return", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 14:21-23", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "letter-retrospect", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Timothy 3:10-11", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "609307; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/609307/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-mission-and-return", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "acts-mission", "acts-return" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》把保羅和巴拿巴置於以彼西底作限定的安提阿，後來又敘述他們經路司得、以哥念和安提阿返回。", "limit": "《使徒行傳》13章從別加抵達的安提阿有別於敘利亞的城市。未加限定的安提阿須按各段語境判斷。" }, { "id": "pastoral-retrospect", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "letter-retrospect" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《提摩太後書》的作者回顧在安提阿、以哥念和路司得遭受的迫害。", "limit": "這項回憶不提供事件日期、不敘述另一次到訪，也不能確立書信作者。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.pisidian-antioch", "aliases": [ "Antioch", "Antioch of Pisidia", "Pisidian Antioch" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 13:14", "ACT 14:19", "ACT 14:21", "2TI 3:11" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 13:15", "ACT 13:44", "ACT 13:50", "ACT 13:51" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "609307", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "independent-pleiades-pisidian-antioch" }, { "scheme": "wikidata", "id": "Q579468", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "independent-wikidata-pisidian-antioch" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": "pisidian-antioch", "geometry": { "latitude": 38.305374018553835, "longitude": 31.189869948559302, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-mission-and-return" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "2-timothy" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-pisidian-antioch" }, { "id": "iconium", "name": "以哥念", "summary": "以哥念是《使徒行傳》保羅和巴拿巴宣教記述中的城市。敘事描述宣講、分歧的反應、襲擊威脅和離去，隨後又記述返回並途經該城。城中信徒也出現在有關提摩太的報告中，《提摩太後書》則回顧在以哥念遭受的迫害。群體的提及不等於敘述保羅再次抵達。地圖點代表古代聚落，並不界定其一世紀城區的全部範圍。", "anchors": [ { "id": "acts-mission", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 14:1-6", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "acts-return", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 14:21-23", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "timothy-testimony", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 16:1-2", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "letter-retrospect", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Timothy 3:10-11", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "648647; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/648647/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-mission-and-return", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "acts-mission", "acts-return" ], "qualifies": [ "timothy-testimony" ], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》記述保羅和巴拿巴在以哥念教導，因暴力威脅而離去，後來返回並途經該城。", "limit": "後來以哥念信徒對提摩太的見證，本身不表示保羅再次到訪以哥念。" }, { "id": "pastoral-retrospect", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "letter-retrospect" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《提摩太後書》回顧在以哥念遭受的迫害，並與安提阿和路司得並列。", "limit": "書信中的回憶不能確定事件日期、不敘述另一次到訪，也不能確立其作者。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.iconium", "aliases": [ "Iconium" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 13:51", "ACT 14:1", "ACT 14:19", "ACT 14:21", "ACT 16:2", "2TI 3:11" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 14:2", "ACT 14:3", "ACT 14:4", "ACT 14:5", "ACT 14:6" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "648647", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "independent-pleiades-iconium" }, { "scheme": "wikidata", "id": "Q132559332", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "independent-wikidata-iconium" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": "iconium", "geometry": { "latitude": 37.87245590410413, "longitude": 32.49229501229744, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-mission-and-return" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "2-timothy" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-iconium" }, { "id": "lystra", "name": "路司得", "summary": "路司得是《使徒行傳》中的城市；保羅和巴拿巴在此活動後，保羅遭受暴力襲擊。敘事也記述返回，後來又把路司得信徒與提摩太的聲譽聯繫。《提摩太後書》在回顧迫害時提及路司得。這些記述不能確定提摩太的出生地，也不能辨認確切的考古位置。Pleiades與Wikidata給路司得標示相距的地點，因此這些資料中的確切現代位置仍未確定。", "anchors": [ { "id": "acts-mission", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 14:8-20", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "acts-return", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 14:21-23", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "timothy-context", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 16:1-2", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "letter-retrospect", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Timothy 3:10-11", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "648699; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/648699/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } }, { "id": "wikidata-coordinates", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "wikidata", "work": "Wikidata entity record", "locator": "entities.Q535982.claims.P625", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/w/api.php?action=wbgetentities&ids=Q535982&props=labels%7Cdescriptions%7Cclaims%7Cinfo&languages=en&format=json", "publicDomain": true, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-mission-and-assault", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "acts-mission", "acts-return" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》把保羅和巴拿巴的活動置於路司得，敘述保羅在那裏被石頭打，後來又記述返回並途經該城。", "limit": "記述中的被視為已死，不等於聲明保羅曾死亡。城市背景不能把襲擊定位於某處已發掘遺址內。" }, { "id": "later-document-notices", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "timothy-context", "letter-retrospect" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》把路司得信徒與提摩太的聲譽聯繫，《提摩太後書》則回顧在那裏遭受的迫害。", "limit": "前者不能確定提摩太的出生地，後者也不能獨立確立作者、日期或一次新行程。" }, { "id": "coordinate-evidence", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "gazetteer-point", "wikidata-coordinates" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Pleiades地名資料庫與Wikidata把路司得定位於不同的現代位置。", "limit": "這些資料不能確定哪個現代地點代表古代城市。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.lystra", "aliases": [ "Lystra" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 14:6", "ACT 14:8", "ACT 14:21", "ACT 16:1", "ACT 16:2", "2TI 3:11" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 14:9", "ACT 14:19", "ACT 14:20" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": "lystra", "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-mission-and-assault" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "2-timothy" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-lystra" }, { "id": "derbe", "name": "特庇", "summary": "《使徒行傳》記述保羅在路司得遇襲後，與巴拿巴抵達特庇。敘事描述他們在該城的工作，後來又在另一次行程中提及特庇和路司得。再後來的同行者名單把該猶與特庇聯繫，卻沒有描述保羅再次抵達。Wikidata給該城標示兩個相距的地點，Pleiades點則只靠近其中一個。這些資料中的確切現代位置仍未確定。", "anchors": [ { "id": "acts-arrival", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 14:20-21", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "later-route", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 16:1", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gaius-origin", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 20:4", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "648620; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/648620/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } }, { "id": "wikidata-coordinates", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "wikidata", "work": "Wikidata entity record", "locator": "entities.Q20717624.claims.P625", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/w/api.php?action=wbgetentities&ids=Q20717624&props=labels%7Cdescriptions%7Cclaims%7Cinfo&languages=en&format=json", "publicDomain": true, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-arrivals", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "acts-arrival", "later-route" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》記述保羅和巴拿巴抵達特庇，描述他們在那裏的活動，後來又在保羅繼續前行的行程中提及特庇和路司得。", "limit": "這些是敘述中的抵達與活動，並非考古辨認或經獨立定年的行程。" }, { "id": "gaius-association", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "gaius-origin" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》把同行者中的一位該猶與特庇聯繫。", "limit": "出身關係不表示保羅再次抵達，也不把這位該猶等同於其他所有同名人物。" }, { "id": "coordinate-evidence", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "gazetteer-point", "wikidata-coordinates" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Wikidata列出特庇兩個相距的地點；Pleiades點靠近其中一個。", "limit": "這些資料不能確定哪個現代地點代表古代城市。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.derbe", "aliases": [ "Derbe" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 14:6", "ACT 14:20", "ACT 16:1", "ACT 20:4" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 14:21" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": "derbe", "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-arrivals" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-derbe" }, { "id": "troas", "name": "特羅亞", "summary": "特羅亞是《使徒行傳》描述保羅一行啟航前往馬其頓的城市。該書後來把保羅置於特羅亞一場涉及猶推古的聚會。《哥林多後書》回顧在特羅亞的事工和對提多的牽掛，《提摩太後書》則提及留在加布那裏的物品。該城有別於範圍較廣的特羅亞地區。這些記述出自不同文獻，本身不能構成完整的到訪次序。城市代表點不能定位聚會的房間或某個特定港口。", "anchors": [ { "id": "macedonian-crossing", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 16:8-11", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "later-gathering", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 20:5-12", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "corinthian-notice", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Corinthians 2:12-13", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "timothy-notice", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Timothy 4:13", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "550434; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/550434/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "acts-journey-settings", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "macedonian-crossing", "later-gathering" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》把保羅置於橫渡往馬其頓之前的特羅亞，後來又敘述一場涉及猶推古的聚會。", "limit": "城市層面的背景不能辨認確切的港口、建築或房間；該城亦須與範圍較廣的特羅亞地區區分。" }, { "id": "separate-letter-notices", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "corinthian-notice", "timothy-notice" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《哥林多後書》描述在特羅亞的事工和對提多的牽掛；《提摩太後書》提及留在加布那裏的物品。", "limit": "這些段落不提供完整的到訪次序或次數；《提摩太後書》的提及也不能確立該信的作者。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.troas", "aliases": [ "Troas", "Alexandria Troas" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:8", "ACT 16:11", "ACT 20:5", "ACT 20:6", "2CO 2:12", "2TI 4:13" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:9", "ACT 16:10", "ACT 20:7", "ACT 20:9", "ACT 20:12" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "550434", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "independent-pleiades-troas" }, { "scheme": "wikidata", "id": "Q1393407", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "independent-wikidata-troas" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": "troas", "geometry": { "latitude": 39.751699149014044, "longitude": 26.1575573012968, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "acts-journey-settings" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "2-corinthians", "2-timothy" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-troas" }, { "id": "berea", "name": "庇哩亞", "summary": "庇哩亞的英語拼法有Berea及Beroea；《使徒行傳》把離開帖撒羅尼迦後的保羅和西拉置於這座馬其頓城市。敘事描述人們仔細查考他們的信息、來自帖撒羅尼迦的人所帶來的反對，以及保羅離去前往雅典。該書後來在同行者名單中把所巴特與庇哩亞聯繫。他與該城的關係不表示保羅再次到訪，也不能確定他的出生地。城市代表點不能辨認某座會堂或聚會場所。", "anchors": [ { "id": "acts-visit", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 17:10-15", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "sopater-origin", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 20:4", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "491546; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/491546/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-visit-and-departure", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "acts-visit" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》記述保羅和西拉抵達庇哩亞，描述人們對其信息的接納與反對，並敘述保羅離去前往雅典。", "limit": "這交代該城在敘事中的作用，並不辨認某座現存會堂或其他聚會場所。" }, { "id": "sopater-association", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "sopater-origin" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》把同行者所巴特與庇哩亞聯繫。", "limit": "出身記載不能確定出生地、形成另一次保羅到訪，或解決其他相近姓名人物的身分問題。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.berea", "aliases": [ "Beroea", "Berea" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 17:10", "ACT 17:13", "ACT 20:4" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 17:11", "ACT 17:12", "ACT 17:14", "ACT 17:15" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "491546", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "independent-pleiades-berea" }, { "scheme": "wikidata", "id": "Q15712213", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "independent-wikidata-berea" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": "berea", "geometry": { "latitude": 40.52212666666667, "longitude": 22.201492666666667, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-visit-and-departure" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-berea" }, { "id": "athens", "name": "雅典", "summary": "《使徒行傳》把保羅置於雅典，等候同行者、討論他的信息，並向與亞略巴古有關的聽眾講話。《帖撒羅尼迦前書》也回顧留在雅典、同時差提摩太到收信人那裏。書信與《使徒行傳》各有記述；共同背景不能解決兩者關係的所有細節。亞略巴古的提及留下講話場景的疑問；雅典代表點不能辨認確切場地或古城邊界。", "anchors": [ { "id": "acts-city-setting", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 17:15-34", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "departure", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 18:1", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "letter-setting", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "1 Thessalonians 3:1-2", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "579885; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/579885/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "acts-city-setting", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "acts-city-setting", "departure" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》把保羅置於雅典，在那裏討論並發表與亞略巴古有關的講話，然後離去前往哥林多。", "limit": "城市背景不能解決亞略巴古指地點還是議會的問題，也不能辨認確切講話位置。" }, { "id": "letter-setting", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "letter-setting" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《帖撒羅尼迦前書》回顧留在雅典，並差提摩太到收信人那裏。", "limit": "書信沒有描述《使徒行傳》所載的所有遷移，也沒有解釋兩項記述如何銜接。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.athens", "aliases": [ "Athens" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 17:15", "ACT 17:16", "ACT 17:22", "ACT 18:1", "1TH 3:1" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 17:17", "ACT 17:18", "ACT 17:19", "ACT 17:21", "ACT 17:23", "ACT 17:34" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "579885", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "independent-pleiades-athens" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": "athens", "geometry": { "latitude": 37.97164747289856, "longitude": 23.723954796773654, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "acts-city-setting" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "1-thessalonians" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-athens" }, { "id": "achaia", "name": "亞該亞", "summary": "亞該亞在《使徒行傳》和數封保羅書信中作為地區名稱出現。《使徒行傳》把迦流的管治置於該地，後來也把亞該亞列入保羅的行程計劃。書信把該地區與信徒群體、早期歸信者及對耶路撒冷的支援聯繫。這些記載描述不同關係：官員的管轄、擬議的行程和眾教會之間的聯繫。地區的提及不能辨認某座城鎮，也不表示每次提及均有到訪。", "anchors": [ { "id": "administration", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 18:12", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "journey-plan", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 19:21", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "collection", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Romans 15:26", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "regional-audience", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Corinthians 1:1", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "administrative-context", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "administration" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》在記述針對保羅的審理程序時，把迦流與亞該亞的管治聯繫。", "limit": "地區名稱本身不界定行省邊界，也不把每次亞該亞的提及變成保羅的所在地。" }, { "id": "planned-journey", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "journey-plan" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》把亞該亞列入保羅所述先經馬其頓、再往耶路撒冷的計劃。", "limit": "計劃有別於抵達或完成行程的報告。" }, { "id": "church-connections", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "collection", "regional-audience" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《羅馬書》把亞該亞與送往耶路撒冷的捐款聯繫，《哥林多後書》則向哥林多以外、遍及亞該亞的信徒致意。", "limit": "這些群體聯繫不提供完整行程，也不把每項地區提及都變成哥林多的提及。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.achaia", "aliases": [ "Achaia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 18:12", "ACT 18:27", "ACT 19:21", "ROM 15:26", "ROM 16:5", "1CO 16:15", "2CO 1:1", "2CO 9:2", "2CO 11:10", "1TH 1:7", "1TH 1:8" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "intended", "claimId": "planned-journey" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "romans", "1-corinthians", "2-corinthians", "1-thessalonians" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-achaia" }, { "id": "adramyttium", "name": "亞大米田", "summary": "在前往意大利的航程記述中，亞大米田的名稱出現在一艘船的描述裏。《使徒行傳》說同行者登上一艘與亞大米田有關的船，預期沿亞細亞海岸航行。因此，這個名稱交代船的地理聯繫，而非記錄保羅曾在該城停靠。該段沒有描述船先前的航程，也不能確定乘客曾前往亞大米田。", "anchors": [ { "id": "ship-description", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:2", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "550403; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/550403/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "ship-provenance", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "ship-description" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》把這段航程中的第一艘船描述為亞大米田的船。", "limit": "船的地理聯繫不能確定保羅曾到訪該城，也不能證明船在哪裏建造。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.adramyttium", "aliases": [ "Adramyttium" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:2" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "550403", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b02-pleiades-550403" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 39.49864002906597, "longitude": 26.936097559391023, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-adramyttium" }, { "id": "adriatic-sea", "name": "亞得里亞海", "summary": "亞得里亞海是《使徒行傳》27章風暴記述所提的海域背景。地名出現在船於海上漂流、水手開始懷疑附近有陸地之時。古代海名的用法未必符合現代亞得里亞海的邊界。名稱提供廣泛的航程背景，船的確切航線與位置仍不確定。", "anchors": [ { "id": "storm-location", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:27-29", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "storm-setting", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "storm-location" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》把被風暴吹襲的船置於亞得里亞海，當時水手懷疑附近有陸地。", "limit": "古代海域名稱不是精確位置，本身不能確定船的現代路線。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Adriatic Sea", "Adriatic" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:27" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:28", "ACT 27:29" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "water", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-adriatic-sea" }, { "id": "alexandria", "name": "亞歷山大", "summary": "亞歷山大在《使徒行傳》中與人物及船隻聯繫。亞波羅被冠以亞歷山大出身的稱謂，而前往意大利航程中的兩艘船也明確與亞歷山大聯繫。這些證據種類不同：一種交代人物出身，另一種是船隻的地理稱謂。沒有一項記述保羅前往亞歷山大。該城的聯繫亦有別於屬敘事另一部分的特羅亞。", "anchors": [ { "id": "apollos-origin", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 18:24", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "myra-ship", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:5-6", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "later-ship", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 28:11", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "727070; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/727070/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "ship-connections", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "myra-ship", "later-ship" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》把百夫長找到的一艘船，以及過冬後使用的另一艘船，與亞歷山大聯繫。", "limit": "這些船隻描述不能確定保羅曾到訪亞歷山大，也不描述同一段航程。" }, { "id": "apollos-origin", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "apollos-origin" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》給亞波羅加上亞歷山大出身的稱謂。", "limit": "該形容詞交代出身關係，並非城市名稱的字面出現，也不是保羅行蹤的報告。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.alexandria", "aliases": [ "Alexandria" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:6", "ACT 28:11" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 18:24", "ACT 27:5" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "727070", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b02-pleiades-727070" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 31.201435, "longitude": 29.909773, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-alexandria" }, { "id": "amphipolis", "name": "暗妃波里", "summary": "暗妃波里在《使徒行傳》中是前往帖撒羅尼迦時途經的地方。敘事先並列暗妃波里和亞波羅尼亞，然後轉向帖撒羅尼迦的會堂及事件。它沒有另述在暗妃波里的教導、住宿或停留時間。因此，這項提及支持所述途經該地的行程，卻未交代經過的細節或當地活動。", "anchors": [ { "id": "route", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 17:1", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "501347; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/501347/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-passage", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "route" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》把暗妃波里列為同行者抵達帖撒羅尼迦前途經的地方之一。", "limit": "途經某地不能確定曾有宣講停站、當地會眾或特定停留時間。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.amphipolis", "aliases": [ "Amphipolis" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 17:1" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "501347", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b02-pleiades-501347" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 40.82581148078865, "longitude": 23.841579432345075, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-amphipolis" }, { "id": "antioch", "name": "敘利亞的安提阿", "summary": "敘利亞的安提阿是《使徒行傳》中重要的群體背景：巴拿巴和掃羅在那裏教導，同工從那裏奉差遣，旅人也返回向教會報告。《加拉太書》也把一次涉及彼得和共同用膳的爭議置於安提阿。這座城市有別於其他行程記載中彼西底的安提阿。相同名稱不使兩城可以互換，這些記載也不能解決《使徒行傳》與《加拉太書》之間所有擬議聯繫。", "anchors": [ { "id": "community", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 11:26", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "commission", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 13:1-3", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "return", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 14:26-28", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "meal-dispute", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Galatians 2:11-14", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "658381; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/658381/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "teaching-community", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "community" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》描述巴拿巴和掃羅長時間在安提阿群體中教導。", "limit": "這項群體記載涉及敘利亞的安提阿，而非後來行程敘事中彼西底的安提阿。" }, { "id": "sending-and-return", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "commission", "return" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》把安提阿呈現為差遣巴拿巴和掃羅、並接待他們返回報告的群體。", "limit": "記述確立這個群體在該敘事中的作用，卻不提供每次從安提阿出發之行程的完整路線。" }, { "id": "galatians-encounter", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "meal-dispute" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《加拉太書》把保羅因共同用膳一事而與彼得對質的事件置於安提阿。", "limit": "這項提及本身不能確定該次相遇與《使徒行傳》的會議及行程事件在時間上的關係。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.antioch", "aliases": [ "Antioch" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 11:19", "ACT 11:20", "ACT 11:22", "ACT 11:26", "ACT 11:27", "ACT 13:1", "ACT 14:26", "ACT 15:22", "ACT 15:23", "ACT 15:30", "ACT 15:35", "ACT 18:22", "GAL 2:11" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 13:2", "ACT 13:3", "ACT 14:27", "ACT 14:28", "GAL 2:12", "GAL 2:13", "GAL 2:14" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "658381", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b02-pleiades-658381" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 36.2158868, "longitude": 36.17684236666667, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [ "galatians" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-antioch" }, { "id": "antipatris", "name": "安提帕底", "summary": "安提帕底是軍隊把保羅從耶路撒冷押往凱撒利亞途中一個具名站點。《使徒行傳》記述士兵連夜把他帶到那裏，翌日護送隊伍有所變動。該段明確記載涉及保羅的遷移，並非從人物出生地或後來書信推斷。它沒有描述宣教到訪、道路的確切走向或過夜住宿位置。", "anchors": [ { "id": "escort-stage", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 23:31-33", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "687996; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/687996/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "escorted-arrival", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "escort-stage" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》記述士兵在夜間押送中把保羅帶到安提帕底，護送隊伍繼續前往凱撒利亞。", "limit": "這是被拘留期間一個記述中的站點，並非宣教停站或經獨立定位的過夜地點。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Antipatris" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 23:31" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 23:32", "ACT 23:33" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "687996", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b02-pleiades-687996" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 32.10523666672457, "longitude": 34.93097367038177, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "escorted-arrival" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-antipatris" }, { "id": "apollonia", "name": "亞波羅尼亞", "summary": "亞波羅尼亞在前往帖撒羅尼迦的行程記載中與暗妃波里並列。《使徒行傳》把兩地列為途經站點，隨後較詳細地敘述帖撒羅尼迦的事件。辨認名稱所指聚落時，須考慮路線語境。這項記載沒有描述亞波羅尼亞的當地宣教、過夜停留或另一次相遇，也不提供聚落的確切位置。", "anchors": [ { "id": "route", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 17:1", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "route-context", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "route" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》把亞波羅尼亞置於同行者前往帖撒羅尼迦、經過暗妃波里之後的路程中。", "limit": "路線語境有助辨認所指聚落，但確切遺址仍須其他地理證據。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.apollonia", "aliases": [ "Apollonia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 17:1" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-apollonia" }, { "id": "arabia", "name": "阿拉伯", "summary": "阿拉伯在《加拉太書》兩個不同背景中出現。說話者先記述前往阿拉伯，然後返回大馬士革。後來，阿拉伯出現在涉及西奈、夏甲和耶路撒冷的比較中。行程記載沒有提供地區內的確切目的地；後面的論證則為另一目的使用該地名。兩次出現不應被用來確立相同疆域，或一次前往西奈的行程。", "anchors": [ { "id": "journey", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Galatians 1:17", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "comparison", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Galatians 4:24-26", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-journey", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "journey" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《加拉太書》的說話者記述前往阿拉伯，其後返回大馬士革。", "limit": "記述沒有辨認阿拉伯境內曾到訪的地方、所走路線或一次西奈之行。" }, { "id": "sinai-comparison", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "comparison" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《加拉太書》在夏甲與耶路撒冷的比較中，把西奈與阿拉伯聯繫。", "limit": "這種用法屬於書信的論證，不能獨立定位先前的行程，也不能解決阿拉伯的疆域問題。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.arabia", "aliases": [ "Arabia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "GAL 1:17", "GAL 4:25" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "GAL 4:24", "GAL 4:26" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-journey" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "galatians" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-arabia" }, { "id": "areopagus", "name": "亞略巴古", "summary": "亞略巴古是《使徒行傳》中與保羅在雅典的相遇有關的名稱。敘事描述對他教導的詢問，然後引入他的講話。這名稱可以指實際地點，也可以指議會，因此這些出現本身不能確定講話的確切位置。其城邦背景清楚，但聆訊機構與實際所在地之間的關係仍不確定。", "anchors": [ { "id": "hearing", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 17:16-19", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "address", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 17:22", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "narrative-designation", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "hearing", "address" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》在引入對保羅教導的查問及隨後的講話時，使用亞略巴古這名稱。", "limit": "名稱本身不能確定每次出現是指地點、議會，還是與兩者皆有關的相遇。" }, { "id": "referent-uncertainty", "claimType": "interpretive", "epistemicStatus": "debated", "confidence": "debated", "supports": [ "hearing", "address" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [ "physical-site", "council" ], "statement": "把亞略巴古理解為實際地點或議會，仍是兩種不同解釋。", "limit": "單憑這些提及，兩種理解都不能確立精確講話位置。" } ], "alternatives": [ { "id": "physical-site", "supports": [ "hearing", "address" ], "qualifies": [], "label": "實際地點的理解", "statement": "名稱指與該次相遇有關的實際地點。" }, { "id": "council", "supports": [ "hearing", "address" ], "qualifies": [], "label": "議會的理解", "statement": "名稱指議會或聆訊機構，卻不確定講話的精確位置。" } ], "protectedEntityId": "place.areopagus", "aliases": [ "Areopagus" ], "namedVerseKeys": [], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 17:16", "ACT 17:19", "ACT 17:22" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "site", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-areopagus" }, { "id": "asia-province", "name": "亞細亞", "summary": "這些段落中的亞細亞指羅馬行省，而非現代大洲。《使徒行傳》在宣講、行程安排、地區出身和反對的記述中使用這名稱。書信也提及與亞細亞有關的教會和經歷。這些用法並非都是遷移記載。尤其《使徒行傳》16章的宣講限制，有別於後來記述保羅在省內的活動；不能因此認為每次提及都記錄一次到訪。", "anchors": [ { "id": "preaching-restriction", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 16:6", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "reported-arrival", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 20:17-18", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "churches", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "1 Corinthians 16:19", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "981509; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/981509/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "preaching-restriction", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "preaching-restriction" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》記述，在這段行程中，在亞細亞傳講信息受到限制。", "limit": "限制涉及宣講；該節沒有說禁止進入整個行省。" }, { "id": "later-activity", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "reported-arrival" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "在對以弗所長老的講話中，保羅回顧抵達亞細亞及在他們中間的行事。", "limit": "這是講話對他活動的記述，並非證明每項亞細亞出身或群體的記載都標示保羅到訪之處。" }, { "id": "regional-churches", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "churches" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《哥林多前書》轉達與亞細亞有關的眾教會的問安。", "limit": "地區教會的稱謂沒有列舉各教會所在地，也不能確定保羅曾身處每個群體。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.asia-province", "aliases": [ "Asia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:6", "ACT 19:10", "ACT 19:22", "ACT 19:26", "ACT 19:27", "ACT 20:4", "ACT 20:16", "ACT 20:18", "ACT 21:27", "ACT 24:18", "ACT 27:2", "1CO 16:19", "2CO 1:8", "2TI 1:15" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 20:17" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "981509", "targetKind": "province", "receiptId": "r2-b02-pleiades-981509" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "province", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 38.46072215674155, "longitude": 27.776104819835428, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "later-activity" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "1-corinthians", "2-corinthians", "2-timothy" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-asia-province" }, { "id": "assos", "name": "亞朔", "summary": "亞朔是《使徒行傳》中保羅與乘船同行者重新會合的地點。前一項記載把他們的航程與保羅循陸路前往的計劃區分；下一節則記述會合及登船。因此，該段不只提供預定目的地，也敘述一次會合。它沒有辨認保羅使用的確切道路，或亞朔境內與船會合的精確位置。", "anchors": [ { "id": "travel-arrangement", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 20:13-14", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "550463; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/550463/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-rendezvous", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "travel-arrangement" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》把保羅計劃中的陸路行程與同行者的航程區分，然後記述他們在亞朔會合並接他上船。", "limit": "所述會合沒有指定陸路路線或確切登船點。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.assos", "aliases": [ "Assos" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 20:13", "ACT 20:14" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "550463", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b02-pleiades-550463" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 39.49013546086826, "longitude": 26.336351701762013, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-rendezvous" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-assos" }, { "id": "attalia", "name": "亞大利", "summary": "亞大利出現在《使徒行傳》14章所述回程的末段。敘事記述旅人在別加宣講後抵達亞大利，然後乘船前往安提阿。該記載賦予亞大利在所述行程中的作用，卻很少交代聚落內的活動。它沒有描述當地會眾、停留時間或啟航所用的確切港口設施。", "anchors": [ { "id": "return-journey", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 14:24-26", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "638778; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/638778/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "arrival-and-departure", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "return-journey" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》記述旅人離開別加後抵達亞大利，並從那裏乘船前往安提阿。", "limit": "行程記載不能確定當地事工、停留時間或確切港口位置。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.attalia", "aliases": [ "Attalia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 14:25" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 14:24", "ACT 14:26" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "638778", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b02-pleiades-638778" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 36.8903095, "longitude": 30.699968, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-attalia" }, { "id": "azotus", "name": "亞鎖都", "summary": "亞鎖都屬於《使徒行傳》腓利的故事，接在他與埃塞俄比亞旅人相遇之後。敘事接着把腓利置於亞鎖都，描述他繼續經各城宣講，前往凱撒利亞。這是明確涉及腓利的地點記載，並非保羅行程的一幕。它沒有另述亞鎖都的群體、腓利停留多久或他出現的確切位置。", "anchors": [ { "id": "philip-route", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 8:39-40", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "philip-notice", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "philip-route" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》把腓利置於亞鎖都，然後描述他經各城宣講，前往凱撒利亞。", "limit": "記載涉及腓利，不能確定保羅曾到訪亞鎖都。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Azotus" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 8:40" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 8:39" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-azotus" }, { "id": "bithynia", "name": "庇推尼", "summary": "庇推尼在《使徒行傳》中是同行者於每西亞附近活動時嘗試前往的目的地。記述說進入未獲准許，敘事隨後轉向特羅亞。這項提及記錄意向與限制，而非抵達庇推尼。它沒有辨認旅人希望前往的特定城鎮、轉向的位置或地區的確切邊界。", "anchors": [ { "id": "attempted-entry", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 16:7-8", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "511189; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/511189/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "blocked-intention", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "attempted-entry" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》描述一次未獲准許的進入庇推尼之嘗試，隨後繼續前往特羅亞。", "limit": "預定目的地不能視為已完成的到訪，也不能視為經精確定位的邊境相遇。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.bithynia", "aliases": [ "Bithynia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:7" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:8" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "511189", "targetKind": "region", "receiptId": "r2-b02-pleiades-511189" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 40.562857811901765, "longitude": 30.72017621181448, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "intended", "claimId": "blocked-intention" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-bithynia" }, { "id": "canaan", "name": "迦南", "summary": "迦南出現在《使徒行傳》13章保羅於會堂講話中的歷史回顧。講話把該地區與早期民族被取代及土地分配給以色列聯繫。它在此屬於以色列過往的回顧，並非保羅行程的一站。這項提及沒有列明迦南的邊界，也不能確立所述事件在區內的位置。", "anchors": [ { "id": "historical-review", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 13:17-20", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "retrospective-region", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "historical-review" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》中保羅的講話在記述以色列早期定居及土地繼承時提及迦南。", "limit": "這記錄講話中的歷史記述，不能獨立核實那些事件，也不能確定保羅曾到訪迦南。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Canaan" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 13:19" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 13:17", "ACT 13:18", "ACT 13:20" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-canaan" }, { "id": "cenchreae", "name": "堅革哩", "summary": "堅革哩出現在《使徒行傳》一段離去的記述，以及《羅馬書》對非比的推薦中。《使徒行傳》把該地名與許願及前往敘利亞的行程聯繫，《羅馬書》則把非比與當地教會聯繫。這些記載描述不同關係，未必屬於同一場合。它們本身不能確定離去記述中每項行動由誰作出，也不能辨認群體的確切所在。", "anchors": [ { "id": "departure-context", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 18:18", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "phoebe-community", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Romans 16:1-2", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "570347; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/570347/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "departure-context", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "departure-context" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》在保羅離去前往敘利亞及一項與許願有關的行動之記述中，提及堅革哩。", "limit": "這項地點記載不必以解決剃髮及許願之代名詞歸屬爭議為前提。" }, { "id": "phoebe-community", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "phoebe-community" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《羅馬書》推薦非比，並把她與堅革哩的教會聯繫。", "limit": "這項群體聯繫有別於離去的記述，不能確定保羅有一次新的到訪。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.cenchreae", "aliases": [ "Cenchreae" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 18:18", "ROM 16:1" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ROM 16:2" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "570347", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b02-pleiades-570347" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 37.88239, "longitude": 22.992532, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [ "romans" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-cenchreae" }, { "id": "chios", "name": "基阿", "summary": "基阿是《使徒行傳》20章沿岸航程中的具名地標。旅人抵達基阿對開的位置，敘事隨後繼續前往撒摩和米利都。措辭標示從島旁經過，並非敘述在該島登岸。它沒有辨認錨地、基阿島上曾到訪的城鎮或船與岸邊的確切距離，也沒有記述當地聚會或事工。", "anchors": [ { "id": "coastal-passage", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 20:15", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "550497; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/550497/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "offshore-passage", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "coastal-passage" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》記述船在繼續航行期間，抵達基阿對開的位置。", "limit": "近海位置不能確定曾登岸、曾到訪某座城鎮或確切航線。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.chios", "aliases": [ "Chios" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 20:15" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "550497", "targetKind": "island", "receiptId": "r2-b02-pleiades-550497" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "island", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 38.38363822562521, "longitude": 26.014242444030867, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-chios" }, { "id": "cilicia", "name": "基利家", "summary": "基利家是《使徒行傳》和《加拉太書》中具有數種不同用法的地區名稱。《使徒行傳》在群體書信、走訪教會的行程、保羅與大數的聯繫及沿岸航程中提及該地。《加拉太書》也記述進入敘利亞和基利家各地。地區名稱須與大數城區分；出生地或沿岸的提及不會把每次出現都變成另一次到訪。", "anchors": [ { "id": "church-journey", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 15:40-41", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "tarsus-identification", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 21:39", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "coastal-voyage", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:5", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "letter-journey", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Galatians 1:21", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "658440; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/658440/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "regional-travel", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "church-journey", "letter-journey" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》描述為堅固眾教會而經過基利家的行程，《加拉太書》則記述進入敘利亞和基利家各地。", "limit": "這些是不同的敘事與書信記載；相同地區名稱不提供確切路線，也不自動使兩者在時間上同步。" }, { "id": "city-region-distinction", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "tarsus-identification" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》透過大數與基利家的聯繫來辨認該城。", "limit": "地區限定不使大數和基利家成為同一地理對象。" }, { "id": "coastal-reference", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "coastal-voyage" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》在描述抵達每拉前所航經的水域時提及基利家。", "limit": "沿岸航行的提及不能確定曾在基利家登岸，或曾到訪一個未具名聚落。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.cilicia", "aliases": [ "Cilicia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 15:23", "ACT 15:41", "ACT 21:39", "ACT 22:3", "ACT 23:34", "ACT 27:5", "GAL 1:21" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 15:40" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "658440", "targetKind": "region", "receiptId": "r2-b02-pleiades-658440" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 36.58645514246619, "longitude": 33.910580483222674, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "regional-travel" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "galatians" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-cilicia" }, { "id": "clauda", "name": "高大", "summary": "高大是《使徒行傳》27章風暴航程中提及的小島。敘事描述船進入島旁背風處，船員費力收住小艇，隨後又採取其他措施保護船隻。該島在海上緊急事件中作為地理參照。該段沒有記述在高大登岸，也沒有交代船的確切航線、錨地或岸邊位置。", "anchors": [ { "id": "island-shelter", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:16-17", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "sheltered-passage", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "island-shelter" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》把高大稱為小島；船員在風暴中於島旁得到遮蔽，並收住小艇。", "limit": "在島旁避風不能確定曾登岸，也不能確定精確船位。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Clauda" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:16" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:17" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "island", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-clauda" }, { "id": "cnidus", "name": "革尼土", "summary": "革尼土是前往意大利的艱難航程中的沿岸參照。《使徒行傳》描述船抵達革尼土對開的位置，隨後因逆風轉向克里特。記載涉及船位與轉向，而非抵達城內。它不能確定曾登岸、有當地活動，或具名聚落、其海角與船隻近海位置之間的確切關係。", "anchors": [ { "id": "coastal-position", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:7-8", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "599575; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/599575/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "offshore-reference", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "coastal-position" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》把船置於革尼土對開的位置，隨後在不利風勢下繼續前往克里特。", "limit": "近海描述沒有記述在革尼土登岸，也沒有辨認城鎮或海角旁的確切位置。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.cnidus", "aliases": [ "Cnidus" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:7" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:8" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "599575", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b03-pleiades-599575" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 36.688179500000004, "longitude": 27.3728385, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-cnidus" }, { "id": "colossae", "name": "歌羅西", "summary": "歌羅西是《歌羅西書》收信稱謂中提及的城市。書信描述收信人的信仰，把他們所受教導與以巴弗聯繫，後來又透過問安和讀信，把其群體與其他群體聯繫。這些是書信呈現的關係，並非敘述保羅抵達。收信稱謂及關於未曾親見作者之人的討論，本身不能確定保羅是否曾到訪歌羅西。", "anchors": [ { "id": "address-and-epaphras", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Colossians 1:1-8", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "personal-contact", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Colossians 2:1-5", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "community-exchange", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Colossians 4:12-16", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "638811; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/638811/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "addressed-community", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "address-and-epaphras" ], "qualifies": [ "personal-contact" ], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《歌羅西書》致函歌羅西的群體，並把他們所受教導與以巴弗聯繫。", "limit": "收信稱謂及以巴弗教導的報告不能確定保羅曾到訪、表明以巴弗創立該群體，或解決書信由誰撰寫。" }, { "id": "linked-communities", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "community-exchange" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《歌羅西書》把收信人與以巴弗，以及老底嘉、希拉波立的群體聯繫，其中包括交換書信的指示。", "limit": "群體聯繫不使城市可以互換，也不能確立一段連續行程。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.colossae", "aliases": [ "Colossae" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "COL 1:2" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "COL 1:4", "COL 1:7", "COL 2:1", "COL 2:5", "COL 4:12", "COL 4:16" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "638811", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b03-pleiades-638811" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 37.78679468617674, "longitude": 29.25992089668405, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [ "colossians" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-colossae" }, { "id": "corinth", "name": "哥林多", "summary": "哥林多是《使徒行傳》中保羅活動的城市背景，也是《哥林多前書》和《哥林多後書》所致函的信徒群體所在地。《使徒行傳》記述他抵達、工作和教導，包括一次十八個月的停留。書信保留各自的關係、解釋和行程意向。《提摩太後書》另把以拉都置於哥林多。這些記載不應合併為單一已定年的次序；提及另一人物的所在地，不能確定保羅在場。", "anchors": [ { "id": "acts-stay", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 18:1-11", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "first-address", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "1 Corinthians 1:1-3", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "second-address", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Corinthians 1:1", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "deferred-arrival", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Corinthians 1:23-2:4", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "erastus-location", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Timothy 4:20", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "570182; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/570182/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-stay", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "acts-stay" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》記述保羅抵達哥林多，在那裏工作和教導，並停留十八個月。", "limit": "這是敘事所述的時長和城市背景，並非經獨立定年的居留，也不是辨認某幢現存房屋。" }, { "id": "letter-audiences", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "first-address", "second-address" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《哥林多前書》和《哥林多後書》各自致函哥林多的信徒群體。", "limit": "收信稱謂不能確定書信在哪裏寫成，也不能調和保羅往來書信每個擬議階段。" }, { "id": "separate-movement-notices", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "deferred-arrival", "erastus-location" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《哥林多後書》解釋保羅為何在所論場合沒有前往哥林多；《提摩太後書》另述以拉都留在那裏。", "limit": "這個解釋不否定較早的到訪。以拉都的所在地不表示保羅另一次到訪，也不把他等同於其他同名人物。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.corinth", "aliases": [ "Corinth" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 18:1", "ACT 19:1", "1CO 1:2", "2CO 1:1", "2CO 1:23", "2TI 4:20" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 18:8", "ACT 18:11", "2CO 1:24", "2CO 2:1", "2CO 6:11" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "570182", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b03-pleiades-570182" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 37.90564164345828, "longitude": 22.878614390874485, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-stay" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "1-corinthians", "2-corinthians", "2-timothy" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-corinth" }, { "id": "cos", "name": "哥士", "summary": "哥士在米利都附近告別後的航程中作為抵達地出現。《使徒行傳》隨後把羅底和帕大喇列於後續路線上。記載賦予該地在船隻所述遷移中的作用，卻沒有記述當地聚會、事工或停留時間。島嶼這一對象亦須與船實際抵達哪座城鎮、港口或海岸點的更精細問題區分。", "anchors": [ { "id": "voyage-stop", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 21:1-3", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "599581; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/599581/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-voyage-stop", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "voyage-stop" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》記述同行者抵達哥士，然後繼續前往羅底和帕大喇。", "limit": "具名抵達不辨認確切港口、不確立橫越島嶼的行程，也不描述當地活動。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.cos", "aliases": [ "Cos" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 21:1" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 21:2" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "599581", "targetKind": "island", "receiptId": "r2-b03-pleiades-599581" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "island", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 36.82289541193156, "longitude": 27.137382777700278, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-voyage-stop" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-cos" }, { "id": "crete", "name": "克里特", "summary": "克里特是《使徒行傳》27章部分航程的島嶼背景，也是《提多書》中另一個背景。《使徒行傳》描述艱難的沿岸航行、停靠，以及尋找另一過冬港口的決定。《提多書》呈現克里特群體領導的安排。兩項記述沒有解釋這些背景如何互相關聯。書信對克里特人的刻畫是歸屬於該信的修辭，並非對每位居民的獨立描述，也不是另一次地名出現。", "anchors": [ { "id": "coastal-voyage", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:7-14", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "voyage-retrospect", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:21", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "titus-arrangements", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Titus 1:5", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "attributed-characterization", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Titus 1:12-14", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-island-setting", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "coastal-voyage", "voyage-retrospect" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》把船置於克里特沿岸，敘述停靠及有關過冬的討論，後來又呈現保羅回顧離島一事。", "limit": "島嶼背景不能確定近海航線，也不使每次提及成為另一次登岸。" }, { "id": "titus-community-setting", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "titus-arrangements" ], "qualifies": [ "attributed-characterization" ], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《提多書》描述作者把提多留在克里特，安排群體領導。", "limit": "記述不能確立書信作者或日期，也不把群體安排與《使徒行傳》的航程連接。它對克里特人的概括屬於書信修辭，而非描述每位居民。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.crete", "aliases": [ "Crete" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:7", "ACT 27:12", "ACT 27:13", "ACT 27:21", "TIT 1:5" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:8", "ACT 27:9", "ACT 27:10", "ACT 27:11", "TIT 1:12", "TIT 1:13" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "island", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-island-setting" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "titus" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-crete" }, { "id": "cyrene", "name": "古利奈", "summary": "古利奈透過人物的地理聯繫在《使徒行傳》中出現。一些與古利奈有關的人參與前往安提阿的遷移，路求也在當地教師及先知名單中與古利奈聯繫。這些記載把古利奈置於群體網絡中，卻沒有描述保羅到訪該城。出身聯繫不能確定出生地、公民身分、長期居所或先前行程的細節。", "anchors": [ { "id": "antioch-workers", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 11:19-22", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "lucius-association", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 13:1", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "373778; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/373778/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "people-associations", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "antioch-workers", "lucius-association" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》把一些活躍於安提阿的人，包括名單中的路求，與古利奈聯繫。", "limit": "城市名稱的聯繫不表示保羅曾到訪、不能確定各人的出生地，也不提供連續生平。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Cyrene" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 11:20", "ACT 13:1" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 11:21" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "373778", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b03-pleiades-373778" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 32.82002662733894, "longitude": 21.856538513413255, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-cyrene" }, { "id": "dalmatia", "name": "撻馬太", "summary": "撻馬太出現在《提摩太後書》有關數人行蹤的記載中。書信把提多與前往撻馬太的行程聯繫，該段並把他與底馬、革勒士區分。它沒有描述提多在那裏的活動，也沒有描述保羅到訪。這項地區記載應保留為書信所述，不能獨立確定其日期、作者、目的地的確切範圍或停留時間。", "anchors": [ { "id": "titus-movement", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Timothy 4:9-11", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "titus-destination", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "titus-movement" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《提摩太後書》在記述同行者的行蹤時，報告提多前往撻馬太。", "limit": "記載涉及提多，而非保羅抵達；它不提供當地事工、停留時間或獨立時間次序。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Dalmatia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "2TI 4:10" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "2TI 4:9", "2TI 4:11" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [ "2-timothy" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-dalmatia" }, { "id": "egypt", "name": "埃及", "summary": "埃及在《使徒行傳》13章保羅講話中回顧以色列過往的記述裏出現。它在此涉及先祖的停留和離去，而非保羅本人的行程。後來一位軍官盤問保羅時，用埃及人的身分稱謂發問，但問題不把保羅認定為那人。兩種用法都不提供保羅到訪埃及的記載、現代國家邊界或所述事件的確切位置。", "anchors": [ { "id": "speech-retrospect", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 13:16-20", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "identity-question", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 21:37-39", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "retrospective-region", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "speech-retrospect" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》中保羅的講話在記述以色列先祖及其離去時提及埃及。", "limit": "這記錄講話的記述，並非獨立核實事件，也不是保羅的一次行程。" }, { "id": "questioned-identity", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "identity-question" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》呈現一位軍官詢問保羅，是否就是與較早一次騷亂有關的埃及人。", "limit": "身分問題不能確定保羅就是那人、具有埃及出身，或曾到訪埃及。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.egypt", "aliases": [ "Egypt" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 13:17" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 21:38" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-egypt" }, { "id": "ephesus", "name": "以弗所", "summary": "以弗所是《使徒行傳》和數封書信中反覆出現的城市背景。《使徒行傳》記述保羅的到訪及長時間教導，後來的行程記載則把乘船越過該城與召集其長老到別處區分。《哥林多前書》把以弗所與保羅的計劃及以條件式描述的衝突聯繫。其他書信在收信稱謂或同工記載中使用該地名。這些提及保留各自文獻背景，不能確立調和後的時間次序或任何聚會的精確位置。", "anchors": [ { "id": "acts-visits", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 18:19-21", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "acts-teaching", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 19:1-10", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "elders-summoned", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 20:16-18", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "corinthian-conflict", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "1 Corinthians 15:30-34", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "corinthian-plan", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "1 Corinthians 16:8-9", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "ephesians-address", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Ephesians 1:1", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "timothy-instruction", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "1 Timothy 1:3", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "onesiphorus-service", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Timothy 1:18", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "tychicus-dispatch", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Timothy 4:12", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "599612; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/599612/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "acts-city-settings", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "acts-visits", "acts-teaching" ], "qualifies": [ "elders-summoned" ], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》記述保羅抵達以弗所並在那裏教導，後來卻把繞過該城與召其長老前來會面區分。", "limit": "長老會面不是保羅再次抵達以弗所；城市背景也不能定位某幢已發掘建築。" }, { "id": "corinthian-letter-notices", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "corinthian-conflict", "corinthian-plan" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《哥林多前書》以條件式語言描述在以弗所的衝突，另述保羅留在那裏直至五旬節的計劃。", "limit": "帶條件的衝突語言本身不能確立在競技場與野獸實際搏鬥。計劃也不能獨立確定離去日期。" }, { "id": "other-letter-notices", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "ephesians-address", "timothy-instruction", "onesiphorus-service", "tychicus-dispatch" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《以弗所書》在收信稱謂中提及該城；《提摩太前書》與《提摩太後書》另把該城與提摩太、阿尼色弗及推基古聯繫。", "limit": "單憑城市提及不能確立書信作者、日期，或每次提及均有保羅的新到訪。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.ephesus", "aliases": [ "Ephesus" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 18:19", "ACT 18:21", "ACT 18:24", "ACT 19:1", "ACT 19:17", "ACT 19:26", "ACT 19:35", "ACT 20:16", "ACT 20:17", "1CO 15:32", "1CO 16:8", "EPH 1:1", "1TI 1:3", "2TI 1:18", "2TI 4:12" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 19:8", "ACT 19:9", "ACT 19:28", "ACT 19:34", "ACT 21:29", "1CO 16:9" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "599612", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b03-pleiades-599612" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 37.940164271971945, "longitude": 27.34240298195866, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "acts-city-settings" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "1-corinthians", "ephesians", "1-timothy", "2-timothy" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-ephesus" }, { "id": "ethiopia", "name": "埃塞俄比亞", "summary": "埃塞俄比亞透過《使徒行傳》中腓利在路上所遇官員的描述進入敘事。敘事把該人與埃塞俄比亞及在埃塞俄比亞女王手下任職聯繫，並描述他從耶路撒冷敬拜後返回。這是人物的地理及政治聯繫，並非保羅的一次行程。古代稱謂不應自動等同現代國家邊界；記載也不提供該官員的出生地或區內確切位置。", "anchors": [ { "id": "official-association", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 8:26-30", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "official-origin-association", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "official-association" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》把腓利相遇的官員與埃塞俄比亞及在其統治者手下任職聯繫。", "limit": "描述不表示保羅曾到訪、不能確定該人的出生地，也不界定古代地區與現代國家如何對應。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Ethiopia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 8:27" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 8:26", "ACT 8:28", "ACT 8:29" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-ethiopia" }, { "id": "fair-havens", "name": "佳澳", "summary": "佳澳是《使徒行傳》27章沿克里特艱難航行期間抵達的具名停靠處。敘事把它置於拉西亞附近，隨後討論應留下過冬，還是嘗試前往另一港口。多數人的選擇及之後的離去屬於該航程記述。記載把港口背景與附近城市區分，卻沒有辨認確切古代港口工程、錨泊位置或完整當地路線。", "anchors": [ { "id": "stop-and-decision", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:8-13", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-stop-and-decision", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "stop-and-decision" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》記述船抵達拉西亞附近的佳澳，並描述尋找另一過冬地點的決定。", "limit": "附近城市是另一對象。記述不定位港口設施、不提供確切錨地，也不記述抵達擬議的過冬目的地。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.fair-havens", "aliases": [ "Fair Havens" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:8" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:9", "ACT 27:10", "ACT 27:11", "ACT 27:12", "ACT 27:13" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "site", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-stop-and-decision" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-fair-havens" }, { "id": "forum-appii", "name": "亞比烏市", "summary": "亞比烏市是前往羅馬途中一個具名會面地點；《使徒行傳》的英語地名稱其為亞比烏的市集。敘事把它與三館並列，描述信徒與保羅一行相遇。場景交代行程中的鼓勵，而非到該聚落巡迴宣教。它沒有指定確切會面點、停留時間，或所有具名站點之間連續的行進路線。", "anchors": [ { "id": "roadside-meeting", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 28:14-16", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "422927; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/422927/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-meeting", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "roadside-meeting" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》記述信徒來到亞比烏市等地，迎接正前來的保羅一行，並描述保羅見到他們時受到鼓勵。", "limit": "會面記載不辨認路旁的確切建築、不確立當地事工，也不提供停留時間。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.forum-appii", "aliases": [ "The Market of Appius", "Market of Appius", "Forum Appii" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 28:15" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 28:14", "ACT 28:16" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "422927", "targetKind": "site", "receiptId": "r2-b03-pleiades-422927" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "site", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 41.46639, "longitude": 12.9975, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-meeting" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-forum-appii" }, { "id": "galatia", "name": "加拉太", "summary": "加拉太出現在《使徒行傳》的行程記載及數種書信語境中。《使徒行傳》描述經過與弗呂家相聯的地區，《哥林多前書》和《加拉太書》則提及與加拉太有關的群體。《提摩太後書》另把加拉太列為革勒士的目的地。這些用法不能確定單一疆域，也不使每項群體記載成為保羅的一次到訪。各段仍未確定行程地區、行省邊界及書信收信人之間的關係。", "anchors": [ { "id": "first-region-journey", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 16:6", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "later-region-journey", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 18:23", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "collection-communities", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "1 Corinthians 16:1", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "letter-address", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Galatians 1:2", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "audience-label", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Galatians 3:1", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "crescens-movement", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Timothy 4:10", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-regional-movement", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "first-region-journey", "later-region-journey" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》在兩項行程記載中，描述同行者經過與加拉太和弗呂家有關的地區。", "limit": "措辭本身不能解決地區邊界、列舉曾到訪的城市，或把書信收信人等同路線上的每個地方。" }, { "id": "letter-community-associations", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "collection-communities", "letter-address" ], "qualifies": [ "audience-label" ], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《哥林多前書》在捐款指示中提及加拉太群體，《加拉太書》則致函與加拉太有關的群體。", "limit": "這些群體提及本身不能確定北方或南方的疆域模式，也不能確立曾抵達每個具名群體。" }, { "id": "crescens-destination", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "crescens-movement" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《提摩太後書》記述革勒士前往加拉太。", "limit": "這涉及革勒士，而非保羅到訪；亦不能獨立確立書信日期或作者。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.galatia", "aliases": [ "Galatia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:6", "ACT 18:23", "1CO 16:1", "GAL 1:2", "2TI 4:10" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "GAL 3:1" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-regional-movement" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "1-corinthians", "galatians", "2-timothy" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-galatia" }, { "id": "galilee", "name": "加利利", "summary": "加利利是《使徒行傳》有關信徒群體、耶穌活動記述，以及陪同他前往耶路撒冷之人的記載中的地區名稱。這些提及屬於不同敘事背景，沒有描述保羅抵達加利利，也不能確立他曾在那裏居住。群體記載亦沒有辨認某座城鎮；講話中的記述保留其發言歸屬，並不提供地區的精確邊界。", "anchors": [ { "id": "regional-communities", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 9:31", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "peter-account", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 10:36-39", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "paul-speech-witnesses", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 13:30-32", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "678145; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/678145/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "community-region", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "regional-communities" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》在交代信徒群體的狀況與增長時，把加利利列入其中。", "limit": "地區群體記載既不辨認保羅曾到訪的城鎮，也不表示他曾遍及全區。" }, { "id": "speech-contexts", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "peter-account", "paul-speech-witnesses" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》的講話把加利利與耶穌活動的開始，以及陪同他前往耶路撒冷的人聯繫。", "limit": "這些是講話對耶穌和見證人的記述，並非保羅的遷移記載。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Galilee" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 9:31", "ACT 10:37", "ACT 13:31" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "678145", "targetKind": "region", "receiptId": "r2-b03-pleiades-678145" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 32.75, "longitude": 35.25, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-galilee" }, { "id": "gaza", "name": "迦薩", "summary": "迦薩在《使徒行傳》8章中，是腓利奉指示前往之道路所通向的目的地。接着的相遇發生於旅程中，但該段沒有敘述腓利進入迦薩，也不提供保羅到訪的記載。城市與道路仍是不同地理對象；背景描述本身不能辨認確切路段、古代城鎮範圍或相遇地點。", "anchors": [ { "id": "road-direction", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 8:26-29", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "687902; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/687902/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "road-destination-reference", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "road-direction" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》在給腓利、涉及從耶路撒冷出發之道路的指示中提及迦薩。", "limit": "道路的具名目的地不能確定曾抵達該城、保羅曾到訪，或隨後相遇的確切位置。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Gaza" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 8:26" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 8:27", "ACT 8:28", "ACT 8:29" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "687902", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b03-pleiades-687902" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 31.5202095, "longitude": 34.451719, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-gaza" }, { "id": "gomorrah", "name": "蛾摩拉", "summary": "蛾摩拉在《羅馬書》中，出現於一項註明來源、涉及以色列的經文比較。書信把城名與所多瑪並列，論述若沒有存留的人會有何結果。這是對記憶中城市的修辭和神學運用，而非行程記載。它不能確立保羅的行程、該城毀滅經獨立核實的記述、考古辨認或現代位置。", "anchors": [ { "id": "scriptural-comparison", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Romans 9:27-33", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "city-in-comparison", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "scriptural-comparison" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《羅馬書》在論述以色列時，引用歸於以賽亞的比較，把蛾摩拉與所多瑪並列。", "limit": "比較不是保羅行程，也不是定位該城或核實所述毀滅傳統的獨立證據。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Gomorrah" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ROM 9:29" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ROM 9:27", "ROM 9:28", "ROM 9:30" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [ "romans" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-gomorrah" }, { "id": "greece", "name": "希臘", "summary": "希臘是《使徒行傳》中保羅經過馬其頓後的地區目的地。敘事記述停留三個月，然後因一項陰謀而更改預定的後續路線。地區稱謂沒有列出保羅停留的每個地方，也沒有把停留定位於某幢房屋或某座城市。它不應視為現代國家邊界，或經獨立定年的地理行程。", "anchors": [ { "id": "regional-stay", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 20:1-3", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-regional-stay", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "regional-stay" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》記述保羅抵達希臘，停留三個月，並更改預定的離去路線。", "limit": "記述既不提供確切地區邊界，也不列舉曾到訪的城鎮；本身不能把停留特定於哥林多。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.greece", "aliases": [ "Greece" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 20:2" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 20:1", "ACT 20:3" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-regional-stay" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-greece" }, { "id": "hierapolis", "name": "希拉波立", "summary": "希拉波立在《歌羅西書》中，是其居民受到以巴弗關懷的地點之一。記載把這些人與收信人及老底嘉聯繫，把該城置於書信的群體關係中。它沒有描述保羅前往，也沒有敘述以巴弗在城市之間的行蹤。共同受到關懷不能確立單一會眾、某幢聚會房屋或古代聚落的邊界。", "anchors": [ { "id": "epaphras-concern", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Colossians 4:12-14", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "638860; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/638860/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "community-association", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "epaphras-concern" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《歌羅西書》把希拉波立的人與以巴弗的關懷聯繫，並與收信人及老底嘉的人並列。", "limit": "群體聯繫不能確定保羅曾到訪、以巴弗當時在該城，或共同的聚會地點。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Hierapolis" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "COL 4:13" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "COL 4:12", "COL 4:14" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "638860", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b03-pleiades-638860" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 37.926925, "longitude": 29.127859, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [ "colossians" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-hierapolis" }, { "id": "illyricum", "name": "以利哩古", "summary": "以利哩古在《羅馬書》中標示保羅所述從耶路撒冷開始之宣講的延伸範圍。該段描述工作的廣度，而非逐一列出停站。它沒有確定他曾進入以利哩古，還是抵達其附近，也沒有提及當地任何城市或路線。因此，書信的描述仍未確定行程的精確走向。", "anchors": [ { "id": "missionary-range", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Romans 15:18-21", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "stated-missionary-range", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "missionary-range" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《羅馬書》在保羅描述從耶路撒冷開始的宣講範圍時提及以利哩古。", "limit": "所述範圍不能解決進入該地區還是抵達其附近的問題，不能辨認曾到訪的城鎮，也不能獨立核實完整行程。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.illyricum", "aliases": [ "Illyricum" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ROM 15:19" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ROM 15:18", "ROM 15:20", "ROM 15:21" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [ "romans" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-illyricum" }, { "id": "italia", "name": "意大利", "summary": "意大利在《使徒行傳》中先透過亞居拉和百基拉最近從該地遷出的記載出現，後來成為保羅以囚犯身分參與之預定航程的目的地。另有一艘船被描述為正航往意大利。這些是不同地理關係：另一家人的離去、旅客預定行程和船的目的地。它們不使每次出現都成為保羅抵達的報告、不確立居留，也不以現代國界界定該地區。", "anchors": [ { "id": "household-origin", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 18:1-3", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "voyage-intention", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:1-2", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "ship-destination", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:6", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "1052; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/1052/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "household-departure", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "household-origin" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》描述亞居拉和百基拉在哥林多與保羅相遇前，最近才從意大利來。", "limit": "他們的行蹤不表示保羅先前曾在意大利，也不能確定這對夫婦的出生地。" }, { "id": "intended-voyage", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "voyage-intention", "ship-destination" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》把意大利列為涉及保羅及其他囚犯之航程的目的地，也是百夫長找到之船隻的目的地。", "limit": "計劃中的行程及船的目的地有別於抵達；這幾項記載不能確立居留或確切登岸地點。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.italia", "aliases": [ "Italy", "Italia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 18:2", "ACT 27:1", "ACT 27:6" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 18:3", "ACT 27:2" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "1052", "targetKind": "region", "receiptId": "r2-b03-pleiades-1052" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 43.6941505, "longitude": 11.0949512, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "intended", "claimId": "intended-voyage" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-italia" }, { "id": "jerusalem", "name": "耶路撒冷", "summary": "耶路撒冷在《使徒行傳》中反覆作為群體、行程、商議及拘留的背景。《加拉太書》另述到訪，《羅馬書》和《哥林多前書》則把該城與援助及行程意向聯繫。這些文獻記載不能確立單一獲一致認同的時間次序，也不使每次提及都成為保羅抵達。《加拉太書》也以地上的城市與上面的耶路撒冷作神學比較；這種對照不把後者置於地上城市的某個位置。", "anchors": [ { "id": "early-acts-arrival", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 9:26-28", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "acts-community-meeting", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 15:2-4", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "later-acts-arrival", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 21:15-19", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "acts-custody", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 21:27-33", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "galatians-visits", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Galatians 1:18-19", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "galatians-later-visit", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Galatians 2:1-10", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "romans-service-plan", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Romans 15:25-31", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "corinthian-gift-plan", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "1 Corinthians 16:1-4", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "theological-comparison", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Galatians 4:24-26", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "687928; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/687928/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "acts-city-settings", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "early-acts-arrival", "acts-community-meeting", "later-acts-arrival", "acts-custody" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》記述掃羅或保羅抵達耶路撒冷、與群體成員會面，以及在較後一幕於城中被拘留。", "limit": "這些是敘事背景，並非所有到訪的次數、經獨立確定的時間次序，或確切聚會及拘留地點的辨認。" }, { "id": "separate-letter-notices", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "galatians-visits", "galatians-later-visit", "romans-service-plan", "corinthian-gift-plan" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《加拉太書》記述前往耶路撒冷的行程，《羅馬書》計劃在那裏服事，《哥林多前書》則討論送交捐款及可能隨行。", "limit": "所述到訪、預定服事及有條件的行程仍有區別。各段本身不把《加拉太書》的到訪等同《使徒行傳》的特定事件。" }, { "id": "earthly-city-in-comparison", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "theological-comparison" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《加拉太書》在神學比較中，以現存地上的耶路撒冷與上面的耶路撒冷形成對照。", "limit": "天上的耶路撒冷是對照性的神學稱謂，並非地上城市的另一名稱或其內另一地點。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.jerusalem", "aliases": [ "Jerusalem" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 8:1", "ACT 8:14", "ACT 8:25", "ACT 8:26", "ACT 8:27", "ACT 9:2", "ACT 9:13", "ACT 9:21", "ACT 9:26", "ACT 9:28", "ACT 10:39", "ACT 11:2", "ACT 11:22", "ACT 11:27", "ACT 12:25", "ACT 13:13", "ACT 13:27", "ACT 13:31", "ACT 15:2", "ACT 15:4", "ACT 16:4", "ACT 18:21", "ACT 19:21", "ACT 20:16", "ACT 20:22", "ACT 21:4", "ACT 21:11", "ACT 21:12", "ACT 21:13", "ACT 21:15", "ACT 21:17", "ACT 21:31", "ACT 22:5", "ACT 22:17", "ACT 22:18", "ACT 23:11", "ACT 24:11", "ACT 25:1", "ACT 25:3", "ACT 25:7", "ACT 25:9", "ACT 25:15", "ACT 25:20", "ACT 25:24", "ACT 26:4", "ACT 26:10", "ACT 26:20", "ACT 28:17", "ROM 15:19", "ROM 15:25", "ROM 15:26", "ROM 15:31", "1CO 16:3", "GAL 1:17", "GAL 1:18", "GAL 2:1", "GAL 4:25" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 9:27", "ACT 21:18", "ACT 21:19", "ACT 21:30", "ACT 21:32", "ACT 21:33", "GAL 1:19", "GAL 2:2", "1CO 16:4", "GAL 4:24", "GAL 4:26" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "687928", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b03-pleiades-687928" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 31.7771895, "longitude": 35.234978, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "acts-city-settings" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "romans", "1-corinthians", "galatians" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-jerusalem" }, { "id": "joppa", "name": "約帕", "summary": "約帕是《使徒行傳》中彼得活動的城市背景。敘事把它與多比大、在硝皮匠西門家住宿、異象及哥尼流差來的人聯繫。彼得後來向其他人重述異象和召請。這些是涉及彼得和當地群體的事件與回憶，而非保羅行程的階段。它們不辨認某幢現存房屋、海岸邊的確切位置或保羅的居所。", "anchors": [ { "id": "tabitha-and-stay", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 9:36-43", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "vision-and-messengers", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 10:5-23", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "retold-summons", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 11:4-14", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "687931; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/687931/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "peter-community-setting", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "tabitha-and-stay" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》在多比大一幕把彼得置於約帕，並描述他隨後在硝皮匠西門家住宿。", "limit": "記述涉及彼得，而非保羅到訪；也不能確立某幢現存建築的身分。" }, { "id": "vision-and-summons", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "vision-and-messengers", "retold-summons" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》把約帕與彼得的異象及哥尼流的使者聯繫，後來又呈現彼得重述該經歷。", "limit": "《使徒行傳》呈現彼得重述先前經歷，並非報告第二次異象、召請或停留。沿岸描述不能辨認某幢現存房屋。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Joppa" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 9:36", "ACT 9:38", "ACT 9:42", "ACT 9:43", "ACT 10:5", "ACT 10:8", "ACT 10:23", "ACT 10:32", "ACT 11:5", "ACT 11:13" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 9:39", "ACT 9:40", "ACT 9:41", "ACT 10:6", "ACT 10:9", "ACT 10:17", "ACT 10:22", "ACT 11:11", "ACT 11:12" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "687931", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b03-pleiades-687931" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 32.053079, "longitude": 34.7499295, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-joppa" }, { "id": "judea", "name": "猶太", "summary": "猶太是有關群體、賑濟、人物遷移及保羅行程記載中的地區名稱。《使徒行傳》呈現保羅描述在區內宣講，《哥林多後書》則討論預定行程。其他書信提及與猶太有關的信徒群體和困難。這些用法不能視為可以互換的抵達報告。該地區有別於耶路撒冷，也有別於個人或宗教身分稱謂；其名稱不能確立居留或單一固定行政邊界。", "anchors": [ { "id": "regional-communities", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 9:31", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "relief", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 11:29-30", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "galatians-communities", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Galatians 1:22-24", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "thessalonian-comparison", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "1 Thessalonians 2:13-16", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "speech-proclamation", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 26:19-21", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "planned-journey", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Corinthians 1:15-17", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "687934; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/687934/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "communities-and-relief", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "regional-communities", "relief", "galatians-communities", "thessalonian-comparison" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》和書信提及與猶太有關的信徒群體，《使徒行傳》也描述把賑濟送給那裏的人。", "limit": "群體聯繫不能確定保羅曾身處每個地方。《帖撒羅尼迦前書》中的敵意概括保留為該信的說法，並非認可為對一個民族的描述。" }, { "id": "reported-regional-proclamation", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "speech-proclamation" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》一段講話呈現保羅描述在耶路撒冷及猶太全地宣講。", "limit": "這是講話的記述，並非獨立確認每件事件，也不是曾到訪聚落的名單。" }, { "id": "intended-letter-journey", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "planned-journey" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《哥林多後書》描述保羅計劃先到訪收信人，再經馬其頓、返回他們那裏，並由他們送行前往猶太。", "limit": "該段討論意向，而非完成行程；它既不提供確切路線，也不交代在區內居留。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.judea", "aliases": [ "Judea" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 8:1", "ACT 9:31", "ACT 10:37", "ACT 11:1", "ACT 11:29", "ACT 12:19", "ACT 15:1", "ACT 21:10", "ACT 26:20", "ACT 28:21", "ROM 15:31", "2CO 1:16", "GAL 1:22", "1TH 2:14" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 11:30", "ACT 26:19", "ACT 26:21", "2CO 1:15", "2CO 1:17", "GAL 1:23", "1TH 2:15" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "687934", "targetKind": "region", "receiptId": "r2-b03-pleiades-687934" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 31.73416715, "longitude": 35.001720299999995, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-regional-proclamation" }, { "personId": "paul", "relation": "intended", "claimId": "intended-letter-journey" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "romans", "2-corinthians", "galatians", "1-thessalonians" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-judea" }, { "id": "laodicea", "name": "老底嘉", "summary": "老底嘉透過作者的關懷、以巴弗的努力、問安及讀信指示，與《歌羅西書》的收信人聯繫。該城及其群體仍與歌羅西和希拉波立區分。這些關係不敘述保羅到訪，也不證明每位收信人曾或未曾見過他。所要求的書信交換，也不把來自老底嘉的信等同另一現存作品，或確立其寫作地點。", "anchors": [ { "id": "personal-contact", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Colossians 2:1-5", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "care-and-greetings", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Colossians 4:12-15", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "letter-exchange", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Colossians 4:16", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "638955; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/638955/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "community-connections", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "care-and-greetings" ], "qualifies": [ "personal-contact" ], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《歌羅西書》把老底嘉與以巴弗的關懷，以及向個人及在家中聚會的群體所致的問安聯繫。", "limit": "這些聯繫不能確定保羅曾到訪、定位聚會房屋，或表明哪些人先前曾見過作者。" }, { "id": "letter-exchange", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "letter-exchange" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《歌羅西書》要求把此信讀給老底嘉群體聽，並要求收信人閱讀一封來自老底嘉的信。", "limit": "指示沒有辨認另一封信的作者、現存文本或寫作地點。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Laodicea" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "COL 2:1", "COL 4:13", "COL 4:15", "COL 4:16" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "COL 2:2", "COL 2:5", "COL 4:12" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "638955", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b03-pleiades-638955" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 37.835939323878684, "longitude": 29.107388778855608, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [ "colossians" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-laodicea" }, { "id": "lasea", "name": "拉西亞", "summary": "拉西亞在《使徒行傳》中，是沿克里特航程中佳澳附近的城市。敘事隨後聚焦港口狀況，以及在哪裏過冬的決定。鄰近關係的記載把拉西亞與該停靠處作地理聯繫，卻沒有記述保羅或同行者入城。城市和港口須維持為不同對象；該段也不辨認確切聚落邊界或考古遺址。", "anchors": [ { "id": "nearby-city", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:8-12", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "589897; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/589897/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "proximity-to-harbour", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "nearby-city" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》把拉西亞辨認為佳澳附近的城市；船已在航程中抵達佳澳停靠。", "limit": "鄰近關係不能確定曾進入拉西亞、有當地事工，或城市與港口屬同一對象。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Lasea" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:8" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:9", "ACT 27:12" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "589897", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b03-pleiades-589897" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 34.94083, "longitude": 24.8182662, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-lasea" }, { "id": "lycaonia", "name": "呂高尼", "summary": "呂高尼在《使徒行傳》中，是與路司得、特庇及周圍鄉間相聯的地區名稱。敘事描述保羅和巴拿巴逃到該處，並繼續活動。後一次出現提及路司得群眾所用語言。地區遷移與語言表述是不同用法；兩者均不能確立旅人的語言熟練程度、單一行政邊界，或曾到訪區內每個聚落。", "anchors": [ { "id": "regional-movement", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 14:5-8", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "crowd-language", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 14:9-12", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "648698; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/648698/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-regional-setting", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "regional-movement" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》記述保羅和巴拿巴逃往路司得、特庇及周圍鄉間，並把這些地方與呂高尼聯繫。", "limit": "地區描述並非所有到訪地點的名單，也不是行政邊界的定義。" }, { "id": "language-designation", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "crowd-language" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》在描述路司得群眾使用的語言時提及呂高尼。", "limit": "語言名稱不能確定保羅或巴拿巴聽懂或會說該語言，也不是另一次抵達該地區。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.lycaonia", "aliases": [ "Lycaonia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 14:6", "ACT 14:11" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 14:5", "ACT 14:7", "ACT 14:8", "ACT 14:12" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "648698", "targetKind": "region", "receiptId": "r2-b04-pleiades-648698" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 37.63585798373942, "longitude": 33.322867550011786, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-regional-setting" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-lycaonia" }, { "id": "lycia", "name": "呂家", "summary": "呂家是在《使徒行傳》27章航程記述中限定每拉的地區。旅人抵達該具名城市，接着的記載描述百夫長在那裏找到另一艘船。城市與其地區限定仍是不同地理對象。這項提及沒有描述遊歷呂家、辨認區內每個曾到訪地方或提供地區邊界；換船也不能定位確切古代港口設施。", "anchors": [ { "id": "city-qualification", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:5-6", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "638965; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/638965/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "myra-region-relationship", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "city-qualification" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》在抵達及換船的記述中，把每拉辨認為與呂家有關的城市。", "limit": "城市的地區限定不使每拉與呂家可以互換、不界定地區範圍，也不能確立走遍該區。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.lycia", "aliases": [ "Lycia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:5" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:6" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "638965", "targetKind": "region", "receiptId": "r2-b04-pleiades-638965" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 36.6341205843183, "longitude": 29.57513525643812, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-lycia" }, { "id": "lydda", "name": "呂大", "summary": "呂大是《使徒行傳》中彼得探訪信徒及以尼雅得醫治記述的城市背景。敘事在使者請彼得前往多比大那裏時，也把它置於約帕附近。這些記載涉及彼得和當地群體，而非保羅行程的一站。所述反應不能獨立核實事件、確立保羅居留，或辨認某幢現存房屋及相遇的確切位置。", "anchors": [ { "id": "peter-and-aeneas", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 9:32-35", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "joppa-summons", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 9:36-38", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "687953; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/687953/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "peter-city-setting", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "peter-and-aeneas", "joppa-summons" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》把彼得置於呂大的信徒中，敘述以尼雅得醫治，並描述來自附近約帕的召請。", "limit": "這是敘事對彼得的記述，並非保羅到訪的證據，也不是經獨立辨認的會面地點。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Lydda" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 9:32", "ACT 9:35", "ACT 9:38" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 9:33", "ACT 9:34", "ACT 9:37" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "687953", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b04-pleiades-687953" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 31.958253499999998, "longitude": 34.892378, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-lydda" }, { "id": "macedonia", "name": "馬其頓", "summary": "馬其頓在《使徒行傳》和書信中，是異象、行程及群體關係的地區背景。《使徒行傳》把往馬其頓的呼召與隨後行動區分，書信段落則描述抵達、計劃、支援及信徒之間的關係。其他記載涉及同行者行蹤或地理聯繫。這些用法不使每次出現都成為保羅到訪，也不能確定單一行程。古代地區稱謂亦須與現代邊界及任何一座城市區分。", "anchors": [ { "id": "acts-call-and-arrival", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 16:9-12", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "acts-later-movement", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 20:1-3", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "corinthian-movement", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Corinthians 2:12-13", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "corinthian-arrival", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Corinthians 7:4-7", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "corinthian-plan", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "1 Corinthians 16:5-7", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "timothy-movement", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "1 Timothy 1:3", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "contribution", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Romans 15:26", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "macedonian-generosity", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Corinthians 8:1-4", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "support-from-region", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Corinthians 11:9", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "philippian-support", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Philippians 4:15-16", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "thessalonian-relationships", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "1 Thessalonians 4:9-10", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "491656; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/491656/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "acts-regional-movement", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "acts-call-and-arrival", "acts-later-movement" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》描述前往馬其頓的呼召、到達作為馬其頓城市的腓立比，以及後來經過該地區。", "limit": "異象及由此而來的意向本身不是抵達；地區記載也沒有列舉曾到訪的每座城鎮。" }, { "id": "separate-letter-movements", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "corinthian-movement", "corinthian-arrival", "corinthian-plan", "timothy-movement" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《哥林多後書》報告涉及馬其頓的遷移與抵達；《哥林多前書》呈現行程計劃，《提摩太前書》則另行回顧前往該地區。", "limit": "報告、計劃及不同文獻仍有區別。共同地名不能獨立確立單一時間次序或《提摩太前書》的作者。" }, { "id": "regional-community-support", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "contribution", "macedonian-generosity", "support-from-region", "philippian-support", "thessalonian-relationships" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "書信把馬其頓與捐款、物質支援及信徒群體之間的關係聯繫。", "limit": "這些群體及支援記載不能把保羅置於每個群體，也不能確立他曾在全區居留。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.macedonia", "aliases": [ "Macedonia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:9", "ACT 16:10", "ACT 16:12", "ACT 18:5", "ACT 19:21", "ACT 19:22", "ACT 19:29", "ACT 20:1", "ACT 20:3", "ROM 15:26", "1CO 16:5", "2CO 1:16", "2CO 2:13", "2CO 7:5", "2CO 8:1", "2CO 9:2", "2CO 9:4", "2CO 11:9", "PHI 4:15", "1TH 1:7", "1TH 1:8", "1TH 4:10", "1TI 1:3" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:11", "ACT 20:2", "ACT 27:2", "2CO 7:6", "2CO 8:3", "PHI 4:16" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "491656", "targetKind": "region", "receiptId": "r2-b04-pleiades-491656" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 40.969115247784025, "longitude": 22.4920786436148, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "acts-regional-movement" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "romans", "1-corinthians", "2-corinthians", "philippians", "1-thessalonians", "1-timothy" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-macedonia" }, { "id": "malta", "name": "馬耳他", "summary": "馬耳他是《使徒行傳》海難後，生還者得知的島名。隨後記述描述款待、涉及保羅與當地人的事件，以及後來乘另一艘船離去。因此，島嶼背景有別於船在何處遇難、或生還者在哪裏上岸等更精細問題。敘事不辨認已發掘的沉船、某個特定海灣，或款待和醫治場景的現代位置。", "anchors": [ { "id": "wreck-and-island-name", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:39-28:2", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "island-hospitality", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 28:3-10", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "later-departure", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 28:11", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-island-setting", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "wreck-and-island-name", "island-hospitality", "later-departure" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》把生還者所在島嶼辨認為馬耳他，並敘述款待、涉及保羅的活動及乘另一艘船離去。", "limit": "島名不能確立精確海難座標、登岸海灘、房屋，或經獨立核實的醫治地點。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.malta", "aliases": [ "Malta" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 28:1" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:44", "ACT 28:2", "ACT 28:7", "ACT 28:8", "ACT 28:11" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "island", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-island-setting" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-malta" }, { "id": "miletus", "name": "米利都", "summary": "米利都是《使徒行傳》中保羅召集以弗所長老的城市背景。記述把會面及告別置於他乘船離去之前，而非描述再次到訪以弗所。《提摩太後書》另行回顧把患病的特羅非摩留在米利都。這些記載屬不同文獻，本身不能認定為同一場合。兩者均不能定位古城內確切的會面地點、港口設施或現存房屋。", "anchors": [ { "id": "elders-meeting", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 20:15-18", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "farewell", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 20:36-21:1", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "trophimus-notice", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Timothy 4:20", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "599799; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/599799/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "acts-meeting-setting", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "elders-meeting", "farewell" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》把保羅置於米利都，他在那裏召集以弗所長老並與他們會面，然後在船旁告別。", "limit": "與以弗所長老會面不是抵達以弗所，也不能辨認米利都境內的確切地點。" }, { "id": "separate-trophimus-notice", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "trophimus-notice" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《提摩太後書》呈現說話者曾把患病的特羅非摩留在米利都。", "limit": "記載不提供日期，不能獨立把該場合等同長老會面，也不能解決書信作者問題。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.miletus", "aliases": [ "Miletus" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 20:15", "ACT 20:17", "2TI 4:20" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 20:18", "ACT 20:36", "ACT 20:37", "ACT 20:38" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "599799", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b04-pleiades-599799" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 37.53046444003695, "longitude": 27.27880848386269, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "acts-meeting-setting" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "2-timothy" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-miletus" }, { "id": "mitylene", "name": "米推利尼", "summary": "米推利尼在《使徒行傳》中，出現在保羅與同行者於亞朔會合之後。記述報告接他上船並抵達米推利尼，然後繼續下一段航程。記載賦予該城在所述遷移中的作用，卻沒有描述當地聚會、事工或停留時間。它也不能確定所用港口的精確位置、聚落古代範圍，或船繞過周邊海岸的路線。", "anchors": [ { "id": "voyage-arrival", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 20:13-15", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "550763; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/550763/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-arrival", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "voyage-arrival" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》記述同行者在亞朔接保羅上船後抵達米推利尼。", "limit": "抵達記載不能確立當地事工、停留時間或確切港口位置。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.mitylene", "aliases": [ "Mitylene" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 20:14" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 20:13", "ACT 20:15" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "550763", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b04-pleiades-550763" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 39.110475, "longitude": 26.547048, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-arrival" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-mitylene" }, { "id": "mount-sinai", "name": "西奈山", "summary": "西奈山在《加拉太書》涉及約、夏甲和耶路撒冷的寓意解讀中出現。該段把山與阿拉伯聯繫，卻是在書信的神學論證中運用該地理關係。它沒有敘述保羅抵達西奈，也沒有辨認該山的精確現代位置。比較不能把夏甲變成普遍適用的地點別名；先前的阿拉伯行程也不能僅因合併兩段而變成西奈之行。", "anchors": [ { "id": "theological-comparison", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Galatians 4:24-26", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "separate-arabia-journey", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Galatians 1:17", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "mountain-in-argument", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "theological-comparison" ], "qualifies": [ "separate-arabia-journey" ], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《加拉太書》在涉及夏甲、約和耶路撒冷的寓意解讀中提及西奈山，並把它與阿拉伯聯繫。", "limit": "論證中的聯繫不能辨認現代山峰、定位保羅的阿拉伯行程，或把夏甲這人物變成一般地理別名。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Mount Sinai", "Sinai" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "GAL 4:24", "GAL 4:25" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "GAL 4:26", "GAL 1:17" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "site", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [ "galatians" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-mount-sinai" }, { "id": "myra", "name": "每拉", "summary": "每拉是《使徒行傳》27章中，航經基利家與旁非利亞對開海面後抵達的城市。敘事透過呂家辨認該城，然後描述百夫長把同行者轉往另一艘開往意大利的船。抵達與換船是記述中相關但不同的部分。它們不能確立長期居留、當地事工或確切古代港口；地區名稱呂家也不能視為該城的另一名稱。", "anchors": [ { "id": "arrival-and-transfer", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:5-6", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "639005; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/639005/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-arrival-and-transfer", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "arrival-and-transfer" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》記述抵達呂家的每拉，隨後百夫長把同行者轉往一艘與亞歷山大有關的船。", "limit": "城市名稱出現在《使徒行傳》27:5；隨後的船隻記載不增加另一次每拉的字面出現，也不辨認確切港口設施。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.myra", "aliases": [ "Myra" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:5" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:6" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "639005", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b04-pleiades-639005" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 36.25855892173753, "longitude": 29.985450200905625, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-arrival-and-transfer" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-myra" }, { "id": "mysia", "name": "每西亞", "summary": "每西亞是《使徒行傳》16章中，嘗試進入庇推尼附近的地區參照。敘事接着描述經過每西亞，前往特羅亞。措辭交代地區與路線之間的關係，卻沒有提及邊境城鎮或精確定位轉向處。它不應變成抵達現代地圖標記、走遍每西亞，或古代地區確切邊界的證明。", "anchors": [ { "id": "regional-route", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 16:6-9", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "550759; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/550759/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "regional-route-reference", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "regional-route" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》在嘗試前往庇推尼期間把旅人置於每西亞附近，然後描述經過每西亞前往特羅亞。", "limit": "記述不定位邊境點，也不能毫無歧義地確立曾穿越地區內陸。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.mysia", "aliases": [ "Mysia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:7", "ACT 16:8" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:6", "ACT 16:9" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "550759", "targetKind": "region", "receiptId": "r2-b04-pleiades-550759" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 39.5996880845236, "longitude": 27.834001321775332, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-mysia" }, { "id": "nazareth", "name": "拿撒勒", "summary": "拿撒勒在這些《使徒行傳》段落中，是耶穌稱謂的一部分。彼得在其記述中使用這稱謂，保羅的講話則回顧在大馬士革附近遇到的聲音，以及他先前對耶穌之名的反對。這些是把地名用於人物稱謂的例子，而非保羅到訪拿撒勒的報告。它們不能確立出生地、城內精確位置，或把該城與每位說話者連接的行程。", "anchors": [ { "id": "peter-designation", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 10:38", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "damascus-recollection", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 22:6-9", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "earlier-opposition", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 26:9-11", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "peter-speaker", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 10:34", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "paul-jerusalem-speaker", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 21:40-22:1", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "paul-agrippa-speaker", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 26:1-2", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "678299; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/678299/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "place-name-in-person-designation", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "peter-designation", "damascus-recollection", "earlier-opposition" ], "qualifies": [ "peter-speaker", "paul-jerusalem-speaker", "paul-agrippa-speaker" ], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》在彼得的記述及保羅的回憶中，以拿撒勒作耶穌稱謂的一部分。", "limit": "這稱謂不提供保羅抵達該城的記載，本身也不能確立耶穌出生地或確切當地遺址。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.nazareth", "aliases": [ "Nazareth" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 10:38", "ACT 22:8", "ACT 26:9" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 22:6", "ACT 22:7", "ACT 26:10" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "678299", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b04-pleiades-678299" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 32.701029, "longitude": 35.300148, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-nazareth" }, { "id": "neapolis", "name": "尼亞波利", "summary": "尼亞波利在《使徒行傳》中，出現於前往馬其頓之呼召後的航程。同行者在撒摩特喇之後抵達該城，再繼續往腓立比。這是行程敘事中所述的抵達，並非從人物出身推斷。記述沒有另述尼亞波利的當地宣教、停留時間或會面，也沒有辨認確切港口、古代海岸線或後續所走路線。", "anchors": [ { "id": "voyage-and-onward-route", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 16:9-12", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "501523; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/501523/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-arrival", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "voyage-and-onward-route" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》記述同行者在撒摩特喇之後抵達尼亞波利，敘事接着繼續往腓立比。", "limit": "具名抵達不能確立當地事工、長時間停留或確切登船及登岸點。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.neapolis", "aliases": [ "Neapolis" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:11" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:10", "ACT 16:12" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "501523", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b04-pleiades-501523" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 40.934324000000004, "longitude": 24.414039000000002, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-arrival" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-neapolis" }, { "id": "nicopolis", "name": "尼哥坡里", "summary": "尼哥坡里是《提多書》提出的會面目的地；說話者表示已決定在那裏過冬。邀請與差遣亞提馬或推基古的記載相聯。這記錄意向和請求，並非說話者或提多已完成的到訪。單憑記載不能確立當時的居所、確定該城的精確地理身分，或解決書信日期及實際由誰撰寫的問題。", "anchors": [ { "id": "winter-plan", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Titus 3:12-15", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "letter-self-presentation", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Titus 1:1", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "named-recipient", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Titus 1:4", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "intended-winter-meeting", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "winter-plan" ], "qualifies": [ "letter-self-presentation", "named-recipient" ], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《提多書》請收信人前往尼哥坡里，配合預定的過冬停留；請求與日後差遣亞提馬或推基古相聯。", "limit": "所述計劃不能確定說話者或收信人已抵達、任何一位使者已被差遣，或該城的精確地理身分。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.nicopolis", "aliases": [ "Nicopolis" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "TIT 3:12" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "TIT 3:13" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "intended", "claimId": "intended-winter-meeting" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "titus" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-nicopolis" }, { "id": "pamphylia", "name": "旁非利亞", "summary": "旁非利亞是《使徒行傳》數種不同語境中的地區名稱。一段行程把別加與它聯繫，另一項記載報告抵達該地區，後來一場爭議則回顧約翰在那裏退出。前往意大利的航程也提及旁非利亞對開海面。這些用法須維持區別：回顧離去不是新的抵達，沿岸經過也不能確定曾登岸。地區名稱不提供確切路線或固定邊界。", "anchors": [ { "id": "perga-arrival", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 13:13-14", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "regional-return", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 14:24-25", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "john-retrospect", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 15:37-39", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "coastal-passage", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:5", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "639034; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/639034/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-regional-journeys", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "perga-arrival", "regional-return" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》把別加與旁非利亞聯繫，後來描述旅人在別加宣講前抵達該地區。", "limit": "城市與地區是不同對象；記載沒有列舉每個曾到訪地點，也不界定地區邊界。" }, { "id": "other-reference-roles", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "john-retrospect", "coastal-passage" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》另行回顧約翰在旁非利亞退出，後來又描述航經其沿岸水域。", "limit": "回顧性記述及近海經過，並非在該地區另一次敘述中的抵達。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.pamphylia", "aliases": [ "Pamphylia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 13:13", "ACT 14:24", "ACT 15:38", "ACT 27:5" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 13:14", "ACT 14:25", "ACT 15:37" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "639034", "targetKind": "region", "receiptId": "r2-b04-pleiades-639034" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 36.92193782704162, "longitude": 30.947960035544238, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-regional-journeys" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-pamphylia" }, { "id": "paphos", "name": "帕弗", "summary": "帕弗是《使徒行傳》中旅人橫越塞浦路斯後的城市目的地。敘事把涉及巴拿巴、掃羅及一位總督的相遇置於該處，然後描述保羅一行乘船繼續前往別加。城市背景有別於整個島嶼，也有別於相遇的確切地點。它不辨認現存官邸、特定港口設施，或經獨立核實的所述事件遺址。", "anchors": [ { "id": "island-traverse", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 13:4-6", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "official-encounter", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 13:7-12", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "onward-departure", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 13:13", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-city-arrival-and-departure", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "island-traverse", "onward-departure" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》記述旅人橫越塞浦路斯後抵達帕弗，後來從那裏乘船前往別加。", "limit": "城市名稱不表示整個島嶼，也不辨認精確港口位置。" }, { "id": "narrative-encounter-setting", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "official-encounter" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》以帕弗作一次相遇的背景，涉及巴拿巴、掃羅、一位反對者及總督。", "limit": "這記錄敘事背景，並非獨立確認事件，也不是辨認某幢現存建築。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.paphos", "aliases": [ "Paphos" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 13:6", "ACT 13:13" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 13:7", "ACT 13:9", "ACT 13:12" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-city-arrival-and-departure" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-paphos" }, { "id": "patara", "name": "帕大喇", "summary": "帕大喇出現在從米利都一帶前往腓尼基之航程的早段。《使徒行傳》把它置於哥士和羅底之後，然後描述找到一艘用作橫渡的船。這次序賦予該城在同行者所述行程及換船中的作用。它沒有另述當地事工、停留時間或精確港口位置；預定橫渡也不能辨認後來沿岸抵達的每個地方。", "anchors": [ { "id": "arrival-and-ship-change", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 21:1-3", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "miletus-departure-setting", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 20:15-17", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "639042; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/639042/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-arrival-and-transfer", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "arrival-and-ship-change" ], "qualifies": [ "miletus-departure-setting" ], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》在路線中把帕大喇置於哥士和羅底之後，然後描述同行者登船橫渡前往腓尼基。", "limit": "這次序不辨認特定港口設施，也不能確立當地事工或停留時間。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.patara", "aliases": [ "Patara" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 21:1" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 21:2" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "639042", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b04-pleiades-639042" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 36.26179466666667, "longitude": 29.314500999999996, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-arrival-and-transfer" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-patara" }, { "id": "perga", "name": "別加", "summary": "別加在《使徒行傳》兩種行程背景中出現。第一處描述從帕弗抵達、約翰離去，以及旅人繼續前往與彼西底相聯的安提阿。較後的記載明述在別加宣講，然後離去前往亞大利。兩項記述不應被視為相同：第一次抵達本身並未敘述後來的教導活動。該城亦有別於其旁非利亞地區限定，以及任何確切現代遺址或路線。", "anchors": [ { "id": "earlier-arrival", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 13:13-14", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "later-proclamation", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 14:24-26", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "639048; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/639048/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "distinct-journey-notices", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "earlier-arrival", "later-proclamation" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》記述較早在別加的抵達和離去，後來則在前往亞大利之前明述於該城宣講。", "limit": "第一項記載不能確定後來所述教導曾在較早場合發生；兩者均不能確定確切聚會地點。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.perga", "aliases": [ "Perga" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 13:13", "ACT 13:14", "ACT 14:25" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 14:24", "ACT 14:26" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "639048", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b04-pleiades-639048" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 36.964465605287096, "longitude": 30.853258601264926, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "distinct-journey-notices" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-perga" }, { "id": "philippi", "name": "腓立比", "summary": "腓立比在《使徒行傳》中，是同行者抵達、接觸呂底亞、遭公開虐待及被囚的城市背景。較後記載描述離開該城。《腓立比書》致函其信徒群體，《帖撒羅尼迦前書》則另行回顧在那裏受苦。這些文獻本身不能確立涵蓋每次到訪、獲一致認同的時間次序。城市背景與群體關係也不能辨認確切禱告處、房屋、監獄或現存紀念物。", "anchors": [ { "id": "arrival-and-lydia", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 16:11-15", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "custody", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 16:19-24", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "release-and-departure", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 16:35-40", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "later-sailing", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 20:5-6", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "letter-address", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Philippians 1:1-2", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "support-recollection", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Philippians 4:15-16", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "thessalonian-retrospect", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "1 Thessalonians 2:1-2", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "501482; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/501482/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "acts-city-arrival", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "arrival-and-lydia", "later-sailing" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》記述同行者抵達腓立比，把背景與呂底亞聯繫，後來又描述從該城乘船離去。", "limit": "記載不辨認確切禱告處、房屋或港口，也不能確立到訪總次數。" }, { "id": "reported-custody", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "custody", "release-and-departure" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》敘述保羅和西拉在腓立比遭當眾毆打、被囚及獲釋。", "limit": "這是敘事的記述，並非獨立辨認已發掘監獄或現存司法場所。" }, { "id": "letter-community-and-retrospect", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "letter-address", "support-recollection", "thessalonian-retrospect" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《腓立比書》致函該群體並回顧物質支援，《帖撒羅尼迦前書》則另行回顧在腓立比受虐待。", "limit": "群體關係及回顧記述不會自動把每項書信記載等同《使徒行傳》某一幕。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.philippi", "aliases": [ "Philippi" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:12", "ACT 20:6", "PHI 1:1", "1TH 2:2" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:13", "ACT 16:14", "ACT 16:19", "ACT 16:23", "ACT 16:40", "PHI 4:15" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "501482", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b04-pleiades-501482" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 41.012651339626466, "longitude": 24.284637286816082, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "acts-city-arrival" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "philippians", "1-thessalonians" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-philippi" }, { "id": "phoenicia", "name": "腓尼基", "summary": "腓尼基在《使徒行傳》中，是四散信徒抵達的地區、前往耶路撒冷途中經過的地方，也是船隻預定橫渡目的地。這些關係涉及不同人物及遷移階段。所述保羅和巴拿巴途經該地，有別於較早信徒的行程及船隻目的地。地區名稱不能確定每次提及都有登岸、提供完整到訪城鎮名單，或與現代邊界等同。", "anchors": [ { "id": "scattered-believers", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 11:19", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "reported-regional-passage", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 15:2-4", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "ship-destination", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 21:1-3", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "678334; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/678334/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-journey-through-region", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "reported-regional-passage" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》描述保羅、巴拿巴及同行者在前往耶路撒冷途中經過腓尼基。", "limit": "途經地區的記載沒有列舉到訪城鎮、辨認精確道路或確立居留。" }, { "id": "different-movement-roles", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "scattered-believers", "ship-destination" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》分別把腓尼基與四散信徒的遷移，以及船隻橫渡的目的地聯繫。", "limit": "較早信徒的行程不是保羅到訪；單憑船隻目的地也不表示抵達區內每個地方。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.phoenicia", "aliases": [ "Phoenicia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 11:19", "ACT 15:3", "ACT 21:2" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 15:2", "ACT 15:4", "ACT 21:3" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "678334", "targetKind": "region", "receiptId": "r2-b04-pleiades-678334" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 33.25, "longitude": 35.25, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-journey-through-region" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-phoenicia" }, { "id": "phoenix", "name": "非尼基港", "summary": "非尼基港是《使徒行傳》27章提出用作過冬目的地的克里特港口。在佳澳討論後，多數人贊成嘗試前往，船隨後離去並遇上風暴。該段沒有敘述抵達非尼基港。港口描述本身不能確立現代遺址或精確位置；同行者的建議也不應與保羅先前對繼續航行的警告混淆。", "anchors": [ { "id": "proposed-winter-harbour", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:8-14", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "proposed-winter-destination", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "proposed-winter-harbour" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》把非尼基港辨認為克里特的一個港口，多數人建議嘗試抵達過冬。", "limit": "建議不是已完成的抵達，也不是保羅本人的認可。單憑這段描述不接納任何現代港口、古代候選遺址或確切座標。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.phoenix", "aliases": [ "Phoenix" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:12" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:9", "ACT 27:10", "ACT 27:11", "ACT 27:13", "ACT 27:14" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "site", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-phoenix" }, { "id": "phrygia", "name": "弗呂家", "summary": "弗呂家與加拉太在《使徒行傳》兩項地區行程記載中並列。第一處把地區行程與在亞細亞宣講的限制聯繫，後一處則描述沿途堅固門徒。並列措辭本身不界定一條已確定的地區邊界，也不辨認每個曾到訪群體。這些是所述遷移，卻不提供精確路線、特定城市座標，或獲一致認同的弗呂家行政範圍。", "anchors": [ { "id": "first-regional-notice", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 16:6-8", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "later-regional-notice", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 18:22-23", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "paired-regional-journeys", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "first-regional-notice", "later-regional-notice" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》在兩項經過某地區的行程描述中，把弗呂家與加拉太並列。", "limit": "並列名稱本身不能解決歷史地區與行政領土的關係，也不列舉曾到訪城鎮。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.phrygia", "aliases": [ "Phrygia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:6", "ACT 18:23" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:7", "ACT 18:22" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "paired-regional-journeys" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-phrygia" }, { "id": "pisidia", "name": "彼西底", "summary": "彼西底在《使徒行傳》中，既是附於安提阿的限定，也是旅人在回程中經過的地區。這些用法須區分：城市名稱辨認某一座安提阿，較後的遷移記載則涉及地區。單憑限定不能界定邊境，或確立走遍彼西底。兩次出現均不提供確切路線、完整到訪聚落名單或獲接納的行政邊界。", "anchors": [ { "id": "antioch-qualification", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 13:13-14", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "regional-passage", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 14:23-25", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "639060; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/639060/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "city-qualifier-and-region", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "antioch-qualification", "regional-passage" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》以彼西底限定安提阿，後來明述旅人經過彼西底，然後抵達旁非利亞。", "limit": "城市與地區是不同對象。單憑安提阿的限定不能界定地區範圍，也不能確立另一次地區到訪。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.pisidia", "aliases": [ "Pisidia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 13:14", "ACT 14:24" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 14:23", "ACT 14:25" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "639060", "targetKind": "region", "receiptId": "r2-b04-pleiades-639060" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 37.470800730949286, "longitude": 31.014588471403783, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "city-qualifier-and-region" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-pisidia" }, { "id": "pontus", "name": "本都", "summary": "本都在《使徒行傳》中，透過保羅在哥林多遇見亞居拉時對他的描述出現。敘事交代亞居拉與本都的聯繫，另述他最近與百基拉從意大利來。這些關係不應合併為夫婦共同的出生地或出身。地區名稱也不能確定保羅曾到訪、亞居拉的精確出生地，或古代地區的單一固定邊界。", "anchors": [ { "id": "aquila-association", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 18:1-3", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "857287; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/857287/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "aquila-regional-association", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "aquila-association" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》在保羅於哥林多與亞居拉會面的記述中，交代亞居拉與本都的地理聯繫。", "limit": "記載沒有把這出身歸於百基拉、不能確定亞居拉的確切出生地，也不表示保羅曾到訪本都。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Pontus" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 18:2" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 18:1", "ACT 18:3" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "857287", "targetKind": "region", "receiptId": "r2-b04-pleiades-857287" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 40.221356696658404, "longitude": 37.92341619989857, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-pontus" }, { "id": "ptolemais", "name": "多利買", "summary": "多利買是《使徒行傳》21章從推羅航行後的抵達地。旅人向信徒問安，記述明說停留一天，然後繼續前往凱撒利亞。因此，記載既描述一段行程，也描述與群體接觸。它沒有辨認聚會房屋、確切港口或曾到訪的每部分聚落，也不能確立長期居留或另有敘述的當地宣教。", "anchors": [ { "id": "arrival-and-stay", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 21:7-8", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-arrival-and-day-stay", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "arrival-and-stay" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》記述抵達多利買、向信徒問安及停留一天，然後同行者繼續前往凱撒利亞。", "limit": "所述一天不辨認住宿處、精確港口，也不能確立長期居留。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.ptolemais", "aliases": [ "Ptolemais" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 21:7" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 21:8" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-arrival-and-day-stay" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-ptolemais" }, { "id": "puteoli", "name": "部丟利", "summary": "部丟利是《使徒行傳》28章海上行程近尾聲時抵達的城市。抵達後，記述描述找到信徒，並獲邀與他們同住七天，然後敘事繼續前往羅馬。抵達和邀請是不同種類的記載。擬議停留不應變成特定住宿處、長期居留，或部丟利與羅馬之間每個地方之精確行程的證明。", "anchors": [ { "id": "arrival-and-invitation", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 28:12-16", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "432815; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/432815/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-arrival-and-invitation", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "arrival-and-invitation" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》記述船抵達部丟利，當地信徒邀請旅人停留七天。", "limit": "邀請的時長不辨認住宿地點，也不能獨立確立確切的行程日期或長期居留。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.puteoli", "aliases": [ "Puteoli" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 28:13" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 28:14", "ACT 28:15" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "432815", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b04-pleiades-432815" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 40.825838, "longitude": 14.121741499999999, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-arrival-and-invitation" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-puteoli" }, { "id": "rhegium", "name": "利基翁", "summary": "利基翁出現在《使徒行傳》前往羅馬航程的末段。船在敘拉古之後抵達該地，隨後記載把繼續前往部丟利的進展與南風聯繫。記述描述一個行程站點，而非當地事工或長期居留。它沒有辨認確切港口設施、保羅住宿之處，或停靠前後船繞過海岸的精確航線。", "anchors": [ { "id": "voyage-stage", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 28:12-14", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "452416; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/452416/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-arrival", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "voyage-stage" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》記述船在敘拉古與部丟利之間抵達利基翁，並把南風與後續航程聯繫。", "limit": "抵達記載不能確立當地活動、住宿或確切港口與航線。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.rhegium", "aliases": [ "Rhegium" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 28:13" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 28:12", "ACT 28:14" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "452416", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b05-pleiades-452416" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 38.109279, "longitude": 15.64393, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-arrival" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-rhegium" }, { "id": "rhodes", "name": "羅底", "summary": "羅底出現在《使徒行傳》21章所述航程中的哥士與帕大喇之間。簡短次序賦予該地在同行者所述遷移中的作用，卻沒有描述當地聚會、事工或停留時間。島嶼這一對象也有別於船抵達哪座城鎮、港口或海岸點的問題。單憑地名不能辨認古代登岸設施，也不能確立橫越該島。", "anchors": [ { "id": "voyage-sequence", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 21:1-3", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "590031; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/590031/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-voyage-stage", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "voyage-sequence" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》在同行者的航程中把羅底置於哥士與帕大喇之間。", "limit": "具名站點不辨認特定城鎮或港口、不能確立橫越島嶼，也不描述當地事工。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.rhodes", "aliases": [ "Rhodes" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 21:1" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 21:2" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "590031", "targetKind": "island", "receiptId": "r2-b05-pleiades-590031" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "island", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 36.179110443681076, "longitude": 27.97207626591052, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-voyage-stage" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-rhodes" }, { "id": "rome", "name": "羅馬", "summary": "羅馬在《使徒行傳》中先是擬議目的地，後來則是所述抵達地；該書以保羅兩年接待來客及教導的停留作結。《羅馬書》另行致函城中信徒，並表達到訪他們的心願。《提摩太後書》把羅馬與阿尼色弗尋找說話者聯繫。這些文獻保留各自背景，本身不能確立完整時間次序。其他人的離去，以及羅馬法律或人口稱謂，並非保羅額外的抵達記載。", "anchors": [ { "id": "acts-goal", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 19:21", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "acts-assurance", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 23:11", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "acts-arrival", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 28:14-16", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "acts-final-stay", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 28:30-31", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "romans-audience-and-plan", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Romans 1:7-15", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "onesiphorus-search", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Timothy 1:16-18", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "acts-goal-and-arrival", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "acts-goal", "acts-assurance", "acts-arrival", "acts-final-stay" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》先把羅馬呈現為目的地，後來記述保羅抵達、受看守的住處，以及兩年接待來客和教導的時期。", "limit": "敘事不辨認某幢現存租屋，也不確立結尾之後的事件；較早意向不是另一次已完成的抵達。" }, { "id": "romans-audience-and-intention", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "romans-audience-and-plan" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《羅馬書》致函羅馬信徒，並表達保羅想到訪及在他們中間宣講的心願。", "limit": "收信稱謂及意向不能確立較早抵達，也不能證明書信寫作地點。" }, { "id": "separate-letter-search", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "onesiphorus-search" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《提摩太後書》描述阿尼色弗在與羅馬有關的背景中尋找並找到作者。", "limit": "這封書信的記載本身不能把該場合等同《使徒行傳》的停留，也不能獨立確立書信日期和作者。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.rome", "aliases": [ "Rome" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 18:2", "ACT 19:21", "ACT 23:11", "ACT 28:14", "ACT 28:16", "ROM 1:7", "ROM 1:15", "2TI 1:17" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 28:30", "ACT 28:31", "ROM 1:10", "ROM 1:13", "2TI 1:16" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "acts-goal-and-arrival" }, { "personId": "paul", "relation": "intended", "claimId": "romans-audience-and-intention" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "romans", "2-timothy" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-rome" }, { "id": "salamis", "name": "撒拉米", "summary": "撒拉米是《使徒行傳》13章同行者抵達塞浦路斯後宣講的城市背景。敘事描述在猶太會堂傳講，並有約翰作助手，然後繼續橫越島嶼前往帕弗。城市與整個島嶼仍是不同地理對象。記述不辨認精確港口、會堂建築或穿越聚落的完整路線，也沒有給出經獨立確定的到訪時長。", "anchors": [ { "id": "city-activity", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 13:4-6", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "707617; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/707617/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-city-setting", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "city-activity" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》把同行者置於撒拉米，在會堂宣講，並有約翰協助，然後繼續島上行程。", "limit": "城市背景不辨認某座現存會堂、確切登岸處或經獨立定年的到訪。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.salamis", "aliases": [ "Salamis" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 13:5" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 13:4", "ACT 13:6" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "707617", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b05-pleiades-707617" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 35.17958130195956, "longitude": 33.902856966815534, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-city-setting" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-salamis" }, { "id": "salmone", "name": "撒摩尼", "summary": "撒摩尼是《使徒行傳》27章沿克里特航行時，船隻從其對開經過的具名沿岸參照。它的作用是在艱難風勢下描述船位，然後敘事才抵達佳澳。記載沒有報告在撒摩尼上岸或到訪那裏的聚落，也不提供精確近海航線、經測量的海角點，或與現代海岸地貌經獨立核實的對應。", "anchors": [ { "id": "coastal-position", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:7-8", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "offshore-landmark", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "coastal-position" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》在沿克里特的艱難航程中把船置於撒摩尼對開。", "limit": "沿岸參照不能確定曾登岸或精確船位；此處不接納任何現代海角配對。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.salmone", "aliases": [ "Salmone" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:7" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:8" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "site", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-salmone" }, { "id": "samaria", "name": "撒馬利亞", "summary": "撒馬利亞在《使徒行傳》中用於地區及群體背景，包括腓利的活動和後來保羅、巴拿巴的行程。一些段落可涉及城市、地區或其居民，因此並非全都歸於同一座實際城市。地區記載和撒馬利亞人的人口稱謂，仍與那些未能確定的用法區分。名稱不提供單一城市座標、完整地區邊界，也不表示每次出現都有到訪。", "anchors": [ { "id": "scattered-community", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 8:1", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "philip-setting", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 8:5-9", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "reception-and-communities", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 8:14-25", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "regional-communities", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 9:31", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "reported-passage", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 15:2-4", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "regional-community-settings", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "scattered-community", "reception-and-communities", "regional-communities" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》在有關四散群體、接納信息及信徒群體狀況的記載中提及撒馬利亞。", "limit": "集合性及地區描述不辨認單一城市，也不能確定保羅曾身處每個群體。" }, { "id": "reported-regional-passage", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "reported-passage" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》描述保羅、巴拿巴及同行者在前往耶路撒冷途中經過撒馬利亞。", "limit": "途經地區的記載不定位精確道路、不辨認每個到訪城鎮，也不能確立居留。" }, { "id": "unresolved-local-referent", "claimType": "interpretive", "epistemicStatus": "debated", "confidence": "debated", "supports": [ "philip-setting" ], "qualifies": [ "reception-and-communities" ], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [ "city-reading", "regional-or-population-reading" ], "statement": "腓利當地活動背景中的撒馬利亞用法，仍須分別考慮城市、地區及人口的理解。", "limit": "這些出現不能毫無歧義地辨認同一座實際城市，也不提供精確位置。" } ], "alternatives": [ { "id": "city-reading", "supports": [ "philip-setting" ], "qualifies": [], "label": "城市的理解", "statement": "當地稱謂可能指某座城市，其歷史身分及位置仍待審核。" }, { "id": "regional-or-population-reading", "supports": [ "philip-setting", "reception-and-communities" ], "qualifies": [], "label": "地區或人口的理解", "statement": "名稱可能指地區或其居民，而非毫無歧義地辨認單一城市。" } ], "protectedEntityId": "place.samaria", "aliases": [ "Samaria" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 8:1", "ACT 8:14", "ACT 9:31", "ACT 15:3" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 8:5", "ACT 8:6", "ACT 8:9", "ACT 8:25", "ACT 15:2", "ACT 15:4" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-regional-passage" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-samaria" }, { "id": "samos", "name": "撒摩", "summary": "撒摩出現在《使徒行傳》20章沿岸航程中，位於基阿對開位置與後來抵達米利都之間。記述把在撒摩短暫靠泊與在特羅基利翁停留區分。島嶼這一對象也不能確定某座城鎮、港口、停留時間或穿越島嶼的路線；記載沒有描述當地事工。", "anchors": [ { "id": "voyage-distinction", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 20:14-16", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "599926; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/599926/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-voyage-call", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "voyage-distinction" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》記述船在撒摩短暫靠泊，另述抵達米利都前在特羅基利翁停留。", "limit": "另一次停留不可轉移至撒摩；島名不辨認精確港口，也不能確立橫越該島。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.samos", "aliases": [ "Samos" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 20:15" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 20:14", "ACT 20:16" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "599926", "targetKind": "island", "receiptId": "r2-b05-pleiades-599926" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "island", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 37.73246007056743, "longitude": 26.839125346712173, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-voyage-call" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-samos" }, { "id": "samothrace", "name": "撒摩特喇", "summary": "撒摩特喇是《使徒行傳》16章從特羅亞前往馬其頓航程第一段的具名島嶼目標。敘事描述直接航往該處，然後繼續前往尼亞波利。這賦予該島在航行次序中的作用，卻沒有描述當地聚會、岸上活動或停留時間。航線參照不辨認港口、精確近海位置，也不表示橫越該島。", "anchors": [ { "id": "sailing-course", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 16:9-12", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "501597; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/501597/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "island-in-sailing-course", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "sailing-course" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》描述船直接航往撒摩特喇，然後進入前往尼亞波利的下一段航程。", "limit": "航線參照本身不描述岸上活動、確切港口或橫越該島。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.samothrace", "aliases": [ "Samothrace" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:11" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:10", "ACT 16:12" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "501597", "targetKind": "island", "receiptId": "r2-b05-pleiades-501597" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "island", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 40.45231423322517, "longitude": 25.57623818601237, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-samothrace" }, { "id": "seleucia", "name": "西流基", "summary": "西流基是《使徒行傳》13章巴拿巴和掃羅航往塞浦路斯之前所到的地方。它的作用有別於差遣他們的群體背景安提阿，也有別於島嶼目的地。簡短記載賦予西流基啟航地的作用，卻沒有描述當地宣講、停留或特定港口設施。地理辨認及與其他名為西流基的城市的區分，須有共有名稱以外的證據。", "anchors": [ { "id": "departure-setting", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 13:1-5", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "658483; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/658483/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-departure-place", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "departure-setting" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》記述巴拿巴和掃羅前往西流基，從那裏乘船往塞浦路斯。", "limit": "啟航不能確立當地事工或停留時間；單憑相同名稱，也不能把該地與其他名為西流基的城市逐一區分。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.seleucia", "aliases": [ "Seleucia", "Seleucia Pieria" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 13:4" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 13:3", "ACT 13:5" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "658483", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b05-pleiades-658483" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 36.121264499999995, "longitude": 35.9285965, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-departure-place" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-seleucia" }, { "id": "sharon", "name": "沙崙", "summary": "沙崙在《使徒行傳》以尼雅得醫治之後人們反應的記述中，與呂大並列。該段涉及與兩地有關的人，並把其反應歸於所見。它沒有敘述保羅的一次行程，也不能確立他在區內居留。集合性描述也不是獨立人口調查，既不提供完整地區邊界，也不提供所述相遇的精確地點。", "anchors": [ { "id": "reported-population-response", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 9:32-35", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "465843763; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/465843763/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "regional-response-notice", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "reported-population-response" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》把沙崙的人與呂大的人並列，描述他們對以尼雅一幕的反應。", "limit": "集合性報告不能獨立調查每位居民、確立保羅到訪，或定位精確事件地點。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Sharon" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 9:35" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 9:32", "ACT 9:34" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "465843763", "targetKind": "region", "receiptId": "r2-b05-pleiades-465843763" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 32.28333, "longitude": 34.91667, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-sharon" }, { "id": "sidon", "name": "西頓", "summary": "西頓在《使徒行傳》中，出現於涉及希律的政治事件及後來涉及保羅的航程。第一項記載涉及與推羅、西頓有關的人求和；第二項則報告船抵達，以及保羅獲准接受朋友照料。兩者是不同背景及人物。許可沒有描述特定房屋，也不能確立居留；城名不辨認確切古代港口或路線。", "anchors": [ { "id": "political-episode", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 12:20-21", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "voyage-call", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:1-3", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "678393; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/678393/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "other-actors-context", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "political-episode" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》把西頓的人與推羅的人並列，聯繫他們向希律提出的請求。", "limit": "這一幕涉及那些人及統治者，而非保羅到訪。" }, { "id": "reported-voyage-call", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "voyage-call" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》記述船抵達西頓，百夫長准許保羅尋求朋友照料。", "limit": "許可本身不辨認房屋，也沒有敘述保羅所作的每項行動；城市背景不能確立長期居留。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.sidon", "aliases": [ "Sidon" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 12:20", "ACT 27:3" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 12:21", "ACT 27:1" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "678393", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b05-pleiades-678393" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 33.561947249999996, "longitude": 35.3727895, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-voyage-call" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-sidon" }, { "id": "sodom", "name": "所多瑪", "summary": "所多瑪在《羅馬書》中，出現於一項歸於以賽亞的經文比較。書信在討論以色列及存留的人時，把它與蛾摩拉並列。記憶中的城市在該論證內發揮作用，而非保羅行程的目的地。這種用法不能獨立確立城市位置、確認毀滅記述，或指定現代考古遺址。它應與辨認古代聚落所需的地理主張區分。", "anchors": [ { "id": "scriptural-comparison", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Romans 9:27-33", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "city-in-scriptural-comparison", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "scriptural-comparison" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《羅馬書》在論述以色列時，以一項註明來源的比較把所多瑪與蛾摩拉並列。", "limit": "比較不是保羅行程，也不是定位該城或核實其毀滅傳統的獨立證據。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Sodom" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ROM 9:29" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ROM 9:27", "ROM 9:28", "ROM 9:30" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [ "romans" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-sodom" }, { "id": "spain", "name": "西班牙", "summary": "西班牙是《羅馬書》未來行程記述中的預定目的地。保羅希望途中探望羅馬收信人並得到協助，後來又把該行程置於完成與耶路撒冷有關的服事之後。這些是書信中的意向，並非已抵達西班牙的報告。各段沒有指定當地城市、路線或時長、確立後來行程已完成，或按現代國界界定該地區。", "anchors": [ { "id": "travel-project", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Romans 15:22-29", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "projected-westward-journey", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "travel-project" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《羅馬書》把西班牙呈現為預定目的地，盼望在計劃中的耶路撒冷服事之後，途中到訪收信人並得到協助。", "limit": "計劃與盼望不能確立抵達西班牙、辨認某座城市，或表明後來行程是否完成。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.spain", "aliases": [ "Spain" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ROM 15:24", "ROM 15:28" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ROM 15:22", "ROM 15:23", "ROM 15:25" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "intended", "claimId": "projected-westward-journey" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "romans" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-spain" }, { "id": "straight-street-damascus", "name": "直街", "summary": "這條街的所述名稱是直街，周圍的《使徒行傳》記述把它置於大馬士革。它出現在給亞拿尼亞、關於到一所房屋尋找掃羅的指示中，隨後亞拿尼亞前往。具名街道與其所屬城市是不同對象。這不辨認每條直路，也不能確立某條現代街道沿用敘事所述的走向、建築界線或房屋位置。", "anchors": [ { "id": "street-instruction-and-visit", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 9:8-17", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "named-street-instruction", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "street-instruction-and-visit" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》描述給亞拿尼亞的指示，把掃羅定位於大馬士革一條名為直街的街道上的房屋。", "limit": "指示及隨後的入屋探訪不能確立現代道路走向，也不能辨認某幢已發掘房屋。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Straight" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 9:11" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 9:10", "ACT 9:12", "ACT 9:17" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "site", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "mentioned", "claimId": "named-street-instruction" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-straight-street-damascus" }, { "id": "syracuse", "name": "敘拉古", "summary": "敘拉古是《使徒行傳》28章從島嶼啟航後提及的城市。敘事記述抵達並停留三天，然後繼續前往利基翁。這是明確的行程及時長記載，並非從人物出身推斷。它沒有描述當地宣教、辨認住宿處，或確立停留期間所用的精確港口、古代海岸線或穿越城市的完整路線。", "anchors": [ { "id": "arrival-and-stay", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 28:11-13", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-three-day-stay", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "arrival-and-stay" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》記述抵達敘拉古，並在繼續航行前停留三天。", "limit": "所述時長不辨認住宿處、當地事工，或確切港口與城內路線。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.syracuse", "aliases": [ "Syracuse" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 28:12" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 28:11", "ACT 28:13" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-three-day-stay" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-syracuse" }, { "id": "syria", "name": "敘利亞", "summary": "敘利亞是《使徒行傳》和《加拉太書》中的地區名稱，用於群體、所述遷移及海上行程。一些記載描述經過該地區，另一些則涉及航程目的地或更改後的計劃。這些作用不使每次出現都成為已完成的抵達。古代地區對象仍與單一城市、亞述及現代國界區分；各段不提供單一固定行政範圍或完整行程。", "anchors": [ { "id": "community-address", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 15:23", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "acts-regional-journey", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 15:40-41", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "galatians-movement", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Galatians 1:21", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "departure-towards-syria", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 18:18-22", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "changed-voyage-plan", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 20:3", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "voyage-and-landing", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 21:1-3", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-regional-movement", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "acts-regional-journey", "galatians-movement" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》描述與西拉經過敘利亞，《加拉太書》則另述進入敘利亞和基利家各地。", "limit": "這些文獻記載不會自動使行程在時間上同步，也不能確立確切路線或居留。" }, { "id": "distinct-sea-journey-roles", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "departure-towards-syria", "changed-voyage-plan", "voyage-and-landing" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》在一次離去、一項改變路線的預定航程，以及後來一次隨後於推羅登岸的海上行程中提及敘利亞。", "limit": "目的地、更改後的計劃和所述登岸是不同種類的證據，不應全都變成額外的地區抵達。" }, { "id": "regional-community-address", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "community-address" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》在由代表攜帶之群體書信的地區收信稱謂中，把敘利亞列入其中。", "limit": "收信稱謂辨認收信人的地區聯繫，而非保羅身處每個群體。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.syria", "aliases": [ "Syria" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 15:23", "ACT 15:41", "ACT 18:18", "ACT 20:3", "ACT 21:3", "GAL 1:21" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 15:40", "ACT 18:19", "ACT 21:2" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-regional-movement" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "galatians" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-syria" }, { "id": "syrtis", "name": "賽耳底", "summary": "賽耳底是《使徒行傳》27章風暴航程中令人擔憂的具名海上危險。在島旁避風之後，記述描述採取措施保護船隻，因為船上人害怕擱淺於沙洲。因此，名稱屬於預期中的危險，而非所述抵達。它不能確立精確船位、經測量的淺灘、登岸，或僅憑這項提及便可重建的路線。", "anchors": [ { "id": "feared-maritime-danger", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:16-18", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "anticipated-maritime-hazard", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "feared-maritime-danger" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》提及賽耳底沙洲，作為採取措施保護受風暴吹襲之船隻時所懼怕的危險。", "limit": "害怕擱淺不表示已抵達危險處，也不能獨立確立船位。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Syrtis" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:17" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:16", "ACT 27:18" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "water", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-syrtis" }, { "id": "tarsus", "name": "大數", "summary": "大數在《使徒行傳》中透過一項稱謂、轉送目的地、巴拿巴的尋找，以及保羅本人有關出身與出生的陳述，與掃羅或保羅聯繫。這些是不同種類的記載，不應變成連續居留記述。城市有別於其基利家地區限定。所報告的陳述也不能獨立核實公民身分、提供停留時間，或辨認古代聚落中的房屋。", "anchors": [ { "id": "saul-designation", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 9:11", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "transfer-destination", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 9:30", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "barnabas-search", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 11:25-26", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "civic-self-description", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 21:39", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "birth-self-description", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 22:3", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "648789; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/648789/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "origin-and-birth-descriptions", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "saul-designation", "civic-self-description", "birth-self-description" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》把掃羅與大數聯繫，後來呈現保羅自述來自該城，並在那裏出生。", "limit": "這些是文本的描述及所報告陳述，並非獨立核實出生或公民身分；該城與基利家不是同一對象。" }, { "id": "transfer-destination", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "transfer-destination" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》描述弟兄們把掃羅帶到凱撒利亞後，送他前往大數。", "limit": "送往的目的地本身不敘述抵達、不能確定路線，也不能確立後來居留的時長。" }, { "id": "barnabas-search-and-return", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "barnabas-search" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》描述巴拿巴前往大數尋找掃羅，找到後把他帶往安提阿。", "limit": "這次序不提供掃羅停留的時長或精確位置，也不把後來每次提及大數都變成另一次到訪。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.tarsus", "aliases": [ "Tarsus" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 9:11", "ACT 9:30", "ACT 11:25", "ACT 21:39", "ACT 22:3" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 11:26" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "648789", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b05-pleiades-648789" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 36.914043134149175, "longitude": 34.89646665894072, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "intended", "claimId": "transfer-destination" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-tarsus" }, { "id": "thessalonica", "name": "帖撒羅尼迦", "summary": "帖撒羅尼迦是《使徒行傳》中保羅活動及遭反對的城市背景。書信也把其群體與往來書信及物質支援聯繫，其他提及則涉及同行者的地理聯繫或行蹤。這些記載保留不同人物及文獻背景。出身聯繫或底馬的行程不是保羅另一次到訪；城名不能解決書信作者、完整到訪次序或某幢現存聚會房屋的位置。", "anchors": [ { "id": "acts-visit", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 17:1-10", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "berea-context", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 17:11-13", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "companions-origin", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 20:4", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "aristarchus-association", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:2", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "first-audience", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "1 Thessalonians 1:1", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "second-audience", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Thessalonians 1:1", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "philippian-assistance", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Philippians 4:15-16", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "demas-destination", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Timothy 4:10", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "491741; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/491741/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-city-activity", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "acts-visit" ], "qualifies": [ "berea-context" ], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》把保羅和西拉置於帖撒羅尼迦宣講，並在他們離去前往庇哩亞之前描述反對。", "limit": "後來與庇哩亞的比較仍是敘事者的刻畫，並非對每位居民的獨立判斷，也不是保羅另一次抵達。" }, { "id": "letter-community-connections", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "first-audience", "second-audience", "philippian-assistance" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《帖撒羅尼迦前書》與《帖撒羅尼迦後書》致函具名群體，《腓立比書》則回顧在帖撒羅尼迦得到的援助。", "limit": "群體稱謂不是額外的城市名稱字面出現；這些記載不能獨立確立作者、寫作地點或完整時間次序。" }, { "id": "other-people-reference-roles", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "companions-origin", "aristarchus-association", "demas-destination" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》交代同行者與帖撒羅尼迦的地理聯繫，《提摩太後書》則另把帖撒羅尼迦列為底馬的目的地。", "limit": "這些記載涉及其他人物，不能確定保羅另一次到訪或同行者的精確出生地。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.thessalonica", "aliases": [ "Thessalonica" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 17:1", "ACT 17:11", "ACT 17:13", "ACT 27:2", "PHI 4:16", "2TI 4:10" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 17:2", "ACT 17:4", "ACT 17:5", "ACT 17:10", "ACT 20:4", "1TH 1:1", "2TH 1:1" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "491741", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b05-pleiades-491741" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 40.628342, "longitude": 22.952885000000002, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-city-activity" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "philippians", "2-timothy", "1-thessalonians", "2-thessalonians" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-thessalonica" }, { "id": "three-taverns", "name": "三館", "summary": "三館在《使徒行傳》中與亞比烏市並列，信徒在前往羅馬的路上迎接正前來的保羅一行。記述描述保羅見到他們時受到鼓勵。這是行程中的會面，並非記述當地會眾或在客棧住宿。地名不辨認路旁的確切建築、住宿時長或各站之間的完整路線。", "anchors": [ { "id": "approach-meeting", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 28:14-16", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "423106; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/423106/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-roadside-meeting", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "approach-meeting" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》把三館列為前來迎接同行者的信徒所抵達的地方之一，並描述保羅受到鼓勵。", "limit": "會面記載不能確立住宿、當地會眾或路旁的確切建築。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.three-taverns", "aliases": [ "The Three Taverns", "Three Taverns" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 28:15" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 28:14", "ACT 28:16" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "423106", "targetKind": "site", "receiptId": "r2-b05-pleiades-423106" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "site", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 41.56167513388507, "longitude": 12.874282278683129, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-roadside-meeting" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-three-taverns" }, { "id": "thyatira", "name": "推雅推喇", "summary": "推雅推喇在《使徒行傳》中，透過同行者在腓立比背景下遇見的呂底亞之描述出現。敘事把她與推雅推喇聯繫，並描述她的生意、回應及款待。城市聯繫不是保羅前往推雅推喇的報告，也不是呂底亞精確出生地的辨認。它亦不提供特定工場、全城產業，或相遇中所有人物共有居所的證據。", "anchors": [ { "id": "lydia-association", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 16:12-15", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "550924; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/550924/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "lydia-city-association", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "lydia-association" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》在腓立比附近相遇的記述中，把呂底亞與推雅推喇聯繫。", "limit": "她的地理聯繫不能確定保羅曾到訪、精確出生地或推雅推喇的特定工場。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Thyatira" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:14" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:12", "ACT 16:13", "ACT 16:15" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "550924", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b05-pleiades-550924" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 38.919999064160905, "longitude": 27.836209064855836, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-thyatira" }, { "id": "trogyllium", "name": "特羅基利翁", "summary": "特羅基利翁是《使徒行傳》20章航程次序中，撒摩之後、米利都之前一個具名停留地點。記述把在撒摩短暫靠泊與這次停留區分。記載沒有描述當地事工、房屋、確切錨地或精確停留時長。其地理作用仍有別於辨認現代海岸遺址，或把船置於經測量的點。", "anchors": [ { "id": "reported-coastal-stay", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 20:14-16", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-stay", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "reported-coastal-stay" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》的記述把特羅基利翁列為在撒摩短暫靠泊與抵達米利都之間的停留地點。", "limit": "這次停留不辨認房屋、精確錨地或時長；單憑名稱不接納任何現代海岸遺址。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Trogyllium" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 20:15" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 20:14", "ACT 20:16" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "site", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-stay" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-trogyllium" }, { "id": "tyre", "name": "推羅", "summary": "推羅在《使徒行傳》中，出現於涉及希律的政治事件，後來又作為保羅行程中登岸及群體的背景。航程記述把停靠與卸貨、找到門徒、停留七天，以及繼續啟航前的告別聯繫。較早政治提及涉及不同人物。這些記載不辨認確切港口、聚會房屋或岸邊禱告處，也不能確立超出所述到訪的居留。", "anchors": [ { "id": "political-episode", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 12:20-21", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "arrival-stay-and-farewell", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 21:3-7", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "678437; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/678437/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-city-stay", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "arrival-stay-and-farewell" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》記述在推羅登岸、找到門徒、停留七天，然後告別離去。", "limit": "所述到訪和時長不辨認精確港口、房屋或海灘位置。" }, { "id": "other-actors-political-context", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "political-episode" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《使徒行傳》另把推羅與西頓的人，聯繫於向希律提出的請求。", "limit": "較早政治記載不提供保羅抵達或居留的記述。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.tyre", "aliases": [ "Tyre" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 12:20", "ACT 21:3", "ACT 21:7" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 12:21", "ACT 21:4", "ACT 21:5", "ACT 21:6" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "678437", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b05-pleiades-678437" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 33.2693355, "longitude": 35.201829000000004, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-city-stay" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-tyre" }, { "id": "zion", "name": "錫安", "summary": "錫安在《羅馬書》中，出現於涉及石頭的經文意象及一項涉及拯救者的應許。名稱屬於書信論證，而非敘述保羅行程。這些用法本身不能確定單一實際所指、辨認現代山丘，或解決涉及以色列之應許的詮釋；也不能確立錫安與耶路撒冷的地理關係。", "anchors": [ { "id": "stone-imagery", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Romans 9:30-33", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "deliverer-promise", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Romans 11:25-27", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "place-name-in-scriptural-images", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "stone-imagery", "deliverer-promise" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "《羅馬書》在論述以色列時，以錫安作涉及石頭的經文意象，並用於一項涉及拯救者的應許。", "limit": "這些意象不敘述保羅到訪、不確定實際地點，也不能獨立解決該應許的神學詮釋。" } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Zion" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ROM 9:33", "ROM 11:26" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ROM 9:30", "ROM 9:32", "ROM 11:25", "ROM 11:27" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "site", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [ "romans" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/zh-hant/explore/places#place-zion" } ], "contentDigest": "5125881a0a73db23251894c4d24d7139b4a90f34fbb46bf55026ad25cbe33d75" }