{"schemaVersion":"1.0.0","resourceType":"pauline-resource","id":"evidence-titus","locale":"zh-hans","category":"history","title":"提多书","description":"提多书指示在克里特的代表任命多位长老、抵制破坏性的教导，并培育以纯正教导和善行见称的共同体。","canonicalUrl":"https://paulineletters.com/zh-hans/explore/resources/evidence-titus","version":"2026-09-21","capabilities":{"static":true,"interactive":false,"offline":false,"embed":true,"print":true},"usage":"需要缩放的图形请选择SVG；用于幻灯片或消息请选择PNG；打印请选择PDF；互动学习请选择HTML。","assets":[{"id":"titus:zh-hans:slide","url":"https://paulineletters.com/evidence/media/zh-hans/titus/slide-615f0f09f7533212.png","format":"png","contentType":"image/png","width":1600,"height":900,"bytes":253183,"sha256":"2563396a704589675c96491f2f5e8c04656d294aa1d756a3e7aa3399337b7949"},{"id":"titus:zh-hans:chronology","url":"https://paulineletters.com/evidence/media/zh-hans/titus/chronology-615f0f09f7533212.svg","format":"svg","contentType":"image/svg+xml","width":1200,"height":840,"bytes":8384,"sha256":"0bf57c9b5ece492b1bc63c946b2fa35ac9f8fcc6d937a0fb10ed9926bf67c9fb"},{"id":"titus:zh-hans:map","url":"https://paulineletters.com/evidence/media/zh-hans/titus/map-615f0f09f7533212.svg","format":"svg","contentType":"image/svg+xml","width":1200,"height":900,"bytes":12290,"sha256":"5931e375e4c46c4d7195a7330fdbef189ca36801a169ce30a33cbc57aa3ea1e9"},{"id":"titus:zh-hans:teaching","url":"https://paulineletters.com/zh-hans/downloads/evidence/titus-teaching-615f0f09f7533212.pdf","format":"pdf","contentType":"application/pdf","bytes":1002940,"sha256":"330519747513633e583d885528783a1ab857b7e9b18671916a55153b2fe67b1f"}],"accessibility":{"alt":"提多书：展示事件顺序和年代的时间图，并区分已确立、推断和不确定的细节。","explanation":"本信的确切作者和历史行程仍有争议。"},"question":"提多为什么被留在克里特岛，书信背景与作者归属为何有争议？","answer":"本信的确切作者和历史行程仍有争议。","references":["歌罗西书 4:7–18; 腓利门书 10–24","以弗所书 1–6; 3:1; 6:20–21","腓立比书 1:12–26; 2:5–30; 4:10–20","提摩太前书 1:3; 提多书 1:5; 3:12","提摩太前书 1–6","提多书 1–3","提摩太后书 1:8,15–17; 2:9; 4:6–18"],"sources":[{"id":"new-testament-introduction","title":"《新约导论》（An Introduction to the New Testament）","citation":"Raymond E. Brown，《新约导论》（An Introduction to the New Testament，Doubleday，1997年）。 第29章〈教牧书信：提多书〉：“信息的总体分析”; 第29章〈教牧书信：提多书〉：“提多书基本信息摘要”; 第29章〈教牧书信：提多书〉：“牧函书信概览：名称与相互关系”; 第29章〈教牧书信：提多书〉：“背景（提多书）”; 第30章〈教牧书信：提摩太前书〉：“谁写了提多书和提摩太前书？”"},{"id":"letters","title":"保罗书信","citation":"罗马书至腓利门书，新译本。凡注以“新译本”的经文，均引自《圣经新译本》，版权属于环球圣经公会。 引用与使用请遵守版权方公布的条件。 ","url":"https://ebible.org/bible/details.php?id=cmn-ncvs"},{"id":"acts","title":"使徒行传","citation":"使徒行传7–28章，新译本。凡注以“新译本”的经文，均引自《圣经新译本》，版权属于环球圣经公会。 引用与使用请遵守版权方公布的条件。 ","url":"https://ebible.org/bible/details.php?id=cmn-ncvs"},{"id":"chronology","title":"保罗书信年代表","citation":"本项目的67项年代重建，交叉参照使徒行传和书信，并标示有争议的日期。 "},{"id":"paul-critical-life","title":"《保罗：批判性生平》","citation":"Jerome Murphy-O’Connor，《保罗：批判性生平》（Oxford University Press，1996年）。 第1章〈年代框架〉：“保罗书信中的证据”与“使徒行传中的证据”"}],"sessions":[],"qualifications":[{"heading":"尚未确定的问题","paragraphs":["这里展示的传统使徒行传后重构把书信与克里特及约公元62—64年在尼哥波立过冬的计划相连，但保罗自身所在地点仍不确定。","尼哥波立在伊庇鲁斯，不在马其顿；提多书3:12说的是过冬计划，不是已经证明的写作地点。布朗按保罗直接作者归属的概述把本信定在约主后65年。","信中署有保罗之名，对提多和多名同工的命令也很具体；这些是传统归属的证据。但历史行程、词汇和教会结构使直接作者归属广受质疑。只有在传统直接作者读法中，才会把本信置于使徒行传以后；这并不证明获释、路线、最终监禁或写作城市。","较晚的教牧书信: 多数批判性研究把《提多书》读作保罗传统中较晚的作品，常见理由是词汇、教会秩序和行程安排带来的难题。 克里特和尼哥波立仍是重要的文学视野，却不能当作保罗行程中得到可靠证实的旅行地点。"],"references":[],"sourceIds":["new-testament-introduction","letters","acts","chronology","paul-critical-life"]}],"license":{"content":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","exclusions":"原创资源内容与图像：CC BY 4.0。圣经正文与第三方材料不在此许可范围内。","attribution":"PaulineLetters.com"},"citation":{"text":"Pauline Letters. “提多书.” Updated 2026-09-21. https://paulineletters.com/zh-hans/explore/resources/evidence-titus","markdown":"[提多书](https://paulineletters.com/zh-hans/explore/resources/evidence-titus) — Pauline Letters (2026-09-21).","html":"<cite><a href=\"https://paulineletters.com/zh-hans/explore/resources/evidence-titus\">提多书</a></cite> — Pauline Letters (2026-09-21).","bibtex":"@online{paulineletters-evidence-titus,\n  author = {{Pauline Letters}},\n  title = {提多书},\n  date = {2026-09-21},\n  url = {https://paulineletters.com/zh-hans/explore/resources/evidence-titus}\n}\n","ris":"TY  - ELEC\nTI  - 提多书\nAU  - Pauline Letters\nDA  - 2026/09/21\nUR  - https://paulineletters.com/zh-hans/explore/resources/evidence-titus\nER  -\n"},"embed":"<figure><a href=\"https://paulineletters.com/zh-hans/explore/resources/evidence-titus\"><img src=\"https://paulineletters.com/evidence/media/zh-hans/titus/chronology-615f0f09f7533212.svg\" alt=\"提多书：展示事件顺序和年代的时间图，并区分已确立、推断和不确定的细节。\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\"></a><figcaption>提多书 — <a href=\"https://paulineletters.com/zh-hans/explore/resources/evidence-titus\">Pauline Letters</a> · <a href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\">CC BY 4.0</a></figcaption></figure>"}