{ "$schema": "https://paulineletters.com/data/agent/commons/v1/letter-reception.schema.json", "schemaVersion": "1.0", "version": "1.0.0", "dataset": "letter-reception", "locale": "sw", "title": "Barua za Paulo zilijulikana mapema kiasi gani", "description": "Kwa kila moja ya barua kumi na tatu, waandishi wa kwanza zaidi wanaoitaja, kuinukuu au kuirudia na hati ya kale ya kwanza zaidi, zikiwa na madaraja kutoka kutaja wazi hadi mwangwi unaowezekana.", "method": "Mashahidi kabla ya karibu 200 BK na hati za kale za kwanza zaidi, zilizoandaliwa na kisha kuthibitishwa kwa uhuru dhidi ya tafsiri zilizo katika miliki ya umma na INTF Liste. Madaraja yamewekwa kwa tahadhari kwa makusudi, kwa sababu misemo inayoshirikiwa inaweza kutoka katika usemi wa kawaida wa Kikristo.", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "attribution": "Pauline Letters — https://paulineletters.com", "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/sw/data/agent/commons/v1/letter-reception.json", "scripture": "References only. No Bible translation text is included; cite the reference and read it in a licensed or public-domain edition.", "letterCount": 13, "records": [ { "letterId": "romans", "summary": "Irenaeus anaitaja Warumi kuwa ya Paulo karibu 180 BK; toleo la Marcion la katikati ya karne ya 2, linalojulikana kutoka taarifa pinzani ya Tertullian, lilikuwa na maandishi yaliyofupishwa. Inaelekea kwamba 1 Clement (kwa kawaida karibu 96) na Polycarp wanatumia maneno yake; ulinganifu wa Ignatius huenda unaonyesha tamko la imani linaloshirikiwa. Barua ya kanisa la Gaul ya 177 inanukuu bila kuitaja. P46, iliyowekewa tarehe ya karibu 200 BK kwa mwandiko, ndiyo hati ya kale ya kwanza zaidi.", "witnesses": [ { "dateFrom": 70, "dateTo": 140, "grade": "probable-allusion", "locator": "1 Clement 35.5-6", "source": { "sourceKey": "first-clement-lightfoot", "author": "Clement of Rome (traditional attribution)", "work": "1 Clement", "translator": "J. B. Lightfoot", "year": "1891", "locator": "1 Clem. 35.6", "url": "https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/1clement-lightfoot.html", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "For they that do these things are hateful to God; and not only they that do them, but they also that consent unto them.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "1 Clement (kanisa la Rumi kwa Korintho)", "date": "Karibu 95–97 BK (mapendekezo ni karibu 70–140)", "note": "Orodha yake ya maovu inashiriki maneno na Warumi 1:29–32, pamoja na kusengenya na kumchukia Mungu, na vivyo hivyo inawalaumu wanaokubali pamoja na wanaotenda. Iliandikwa Rumi, ambako Warumi ilitumwa; orodha za kawaida za maovu zinaacha nafasi kwa kufanana kwa bahati." }, { "dateFrom": 105, "dateTo": 150, "grade": "possible-echo", "locator": "Ignatius, Smyrnaeans 1.1", "source": { "sourceKey": "ignatius-lightfoot", "author": "Ignatius of Antioch", "work": "Epistle to the Smyrnaeans", "translator": "J. B. Lightfoot and J. R. Harmer", "year": "1891", "locator": "Smyrn. 1.1", "url": "https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/ignatius-smyrnaeans-lightfoot.html", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "fully persuaded as touching our Lord that He is truly of the race of David according to the flesh, but Son of God by the Divine will and power", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Ignatius wa Antiokia, To the Smyrnaeans", "date": "Karibu 105–117 BK (baadhi wanahoji miaka ya 140)", "note": "Inamwita Kristo mzao wa Daudi kwa ukoo wa kimwili lakini Mwana wa Mungu kwa nguvu ya kimungu, muunganiko wa Warumi 1:3–4. Wengi wanafikiri Paulo hapo anarekebisha tamko la imani la awali, hivyo huenda Ignatius anarudia mfumo huo unaoshirikiwa badala ya barua." }, { "dateFrom": 110, "dateTo": 140, "grade": "probable-allusion", "locator": "Polycarp, Philippians 6.2", "source": { "sourceKey": "polycarp-philippians-lightfoot", "author": "Polycarp of Smyrna", "work": "Letter to the Philippians", "translator": "J. B. Lightfoot", "year": "1891", "locator": "Phil. 6.2", "url": "https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/polycarp-lightfoot.html", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "for we are before the eyes of our Lord and God, and we must all stand at the judgment-seat of Christ, and each man must give an account of himself.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Polycarp wa Smirna, To the Philippians", "date": "Karibu 110–140 BK", "note": "Anaunganisha kusimama mbele ya kiti cha hukumu cha Kristo na kila mtu kutoa hesabu yake mwenyewe, kama Warumi 14:10–12 inavyofanya. 2 Wakorintho 5:10 pia ina usemi wa kiti cha hukumu, na Polycarp hataji chanzo, hivyo kumbukumbu iliyochanganyika au msemo wa kawaida bado inawezekana." }, { "dateFrom": 138, "dateTo": 161, "grade": "canon-list", "locator": "Tertullian, Against Marcion 5.13-14", "source": { "sourceKey": "tertullian-against-marcion-anf", "author": "Tertullian", "work": "Against Marcion", "translator": "Peter Holmes", "year": "1885", "locator": "Adv. Marc. 5.13", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/03125.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "But what serious gaps Marcion has made in this epistle especially, by withdrawing whole passages at his will, will be clear from the unmutilated text of our own copy.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Apostolikon ya Marcion, ilivyoripotiwa na Tertullian", "date": "Marcion alikuwa akifanya kazi karibu 138–161 BK; Tertullian akiandika kuanzia karibu 207", "note": "Tertullian anajadili Warumi ya nne katika toleo la Marcion la barua kumi, baada ya Wagalatia na 1 Wakorintho–2 Wakorintho. Anasema Marcion alikata vifungu vizima, na mjadala wake unaishia Warumi 14:10. Likijulikana kutoka taarifa pinzani pekee, maudhui kamili ya toleo hayana uhakika." }, { "dateFrom": 177, "dateTo": 178, "grade": "clear-quotation", "locator": "Eusebius, Church History 5.1.6", "source": { "sourceKey": "eusebius-history-mcgiffert", "author": "Eusebius (quoting the churches of Vienne and Lyons)", "work": "Church History", "translator": "Arthur Cushman McGiffert", "year": "1890", "locator": "HE 5.1.6", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/250105.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "regarding their great sufferings as little, they hastened to Christ, manifesting truly that 'the sufferings of this present time are not worthy to be compared with the glory which shall be revealed to us afterward.'", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Barua ya makanisa ya Vienne na Lyons", "date": "Karibu 177–178 BK (imehifadhiwa na Eusebius, mapema karne ya 4)", "note": "Ikieleza mashahidi wa imani wa Gaul, inarudia Warumi 8:18 karibu neno kwa neno lakini haimtaji Paulo. Eusebius anasema anatoa maneno ya makanisa yenyewe, na kuweka mateso katika mwaka wa kumi na saba wa Antoninus Verus, yaani Marcus Aurelius (177 BK)." }, { "dateFrom": 176, "dateTo": 189, "grade": "named-explicitly", "locator": "Irenaeus, Against Heresies 3.16.3", "source": { "sourceKey": "irenaeus-against-heresies-anf", "author": "Irenaeus of Lyons", "work": "Against Heresies", "translator": "Alexander Roberts and William Rambaut", "year": "1885", "locator": "Haer. 3.16.3", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103316.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "Paul, when writing to the Romans, has explained this very point", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Irenaeus wa Lyons, Against Heresies", "date": "Karibu 180 BK", "note": "Anasema Paulo, akiwaandikia Warumi, alionyesha kwamba Yesu na Kristo ni mmoja, kisha ananukuu Warumi 1:1–4 na Warumi 9:5, akiitaja barua tena katika 3.16.9. Kitabu cha 3 ni cha wakati wa Eleutherius akiwa askofu wa Rumi." }, { "dateFrom": 170, "dateTo": 400, "grade": "canon-list", "locator": "Muratorian Fragment, section on Paul's letters", "source": { "sourceKey": "muratorian-fragment-anf", "author": "Anonymous (Muratorian Fragment)", "work": "Canon Muratorianus, in Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 5 (printed among the Fragments of Caius)", "translator": "S. D. F. Salmond", "year": "1886", "locator": "Canon Muratorianus 3, on Paul's letters to seven churches", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0510.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "writes to no more than seven churches by name, in this order: the first to the Corinthians, the second to the Ephesians, the third to the Philippians, the fourth to the Colossians, the fifth to the Galatians, the sixth to the Thessalonians, the seventh to the Romans.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Muratorian Fragment", "date": "Inaelekea ni ya karibu 170–200 BK; wachache huiweka karne ya 4", "note": "Inaorodhesha Warumi kati ya barua za Paulo kwa makanisa saba, ikisema aliiandika kuhusu kanuni ya Maandiko ya Agano la Kale, huku Kristo akiwa lengo lake la kwanza. Kwa kawaida huwekewa tarehe kwa kauli yake kwamba Hermas aliandika hivi karibuni, chini ya Pius; baadhi huiweka karne ya nne." }, { "dateFrom": 175, "dateTo": 250, "grade": "manuscript", "locator": "Gregory-Aland P46 (INTF Liste docID 10046)", "source": { "sourceKey": "csntm", "work": "CSNTM manuscript record: P46", "locator": "GA P46", "url": "https://manuscripts.csntm.org/manuscript/View/GA_P46", "publicDomain": false, "quote": "", "role": "catalogue-record" }, "witness": "Papyrus 46 (P46)", "date": "Karibu 200 BK kwa mwandiko (CSNTM: mwishoni mwa karne ya 2 au mapema karne ya 3; INTF: mapema karne ya 3)", "note": "Kwa kawaida huonekana kama hati ya kale ya kwanza zaidi ya Warumi, ambayo inatangulia katika mpangilio wake wa barua. Karatasi kabla ya Warumi 5:17, na mbili zinazobeba sehemu kubwa ya Warumi 6:14–8:15, zimepotea. Inaweka doksolojia (Warumi 14:24–26 katika nambari za WEB) baada ya Warumi 15:33. Tarehe imewekwa kwa mwandiko pekee." } ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/sw/explore/evidence#reception-romans" }, { "letterId": "1-corinthians", "summary": "1 Wakorintho inashuhudiwa mapema: 1 Clement, ambayo kwa kawaida huwekewa tarehe ya karibu 96 BK, inaiambia Korintho ichukue barua ya Paulo kuhusu makundi yake, jambo linaloelekea kuwa kutajwa kwa kwanza zaidi kwa barua yoyote ya Paulo. Ignatius na Polycarp wanainukuu ndani ya miongo michache; toleo la Marcion na orodha ya Muratorian vinaijumuisha, Irenaeus anaitaja, na P46, karibu 200 BK, ndiyo nakala ya kwanza zaidi iliyohifadhiwa.", "witnesses": [ { "dateFrom": 70, "dateTo": 140, "grade": "named-explicitly", "locator": "1 Clem. 47.1-3", "source": { "sourceKey": "first-clement-lightfoot", "author": "Clement of Rome", "work": "The Epistle of S. Clement to the Corinthians (Lightfoot, Apostolic Fathers Part I, vol. 2)", "translator": "J. B. Lightfoot", "year": "1890", "locator": "1 Clem. 47.1-3", "url": "https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/lightfoot/pt1vol2/translation1.html", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "Take up the epistle of the blessed Paul the Apostle. What wrote he first unto you in the beginning of the Gospel? Of a truth he charged you in the Spirit concerning himself and Cephas and Apollos, because that even then ye had made parties.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "1 Clement", "date": "Karibu 95–97 BK (inajadiliwa)", "note": "Ikiandika kutoka Rumi kwa Korintho, inawaambia wasomaji waichukue barua ya Paulo kuhusu makundi yao ya Paulo, Kefa na Apolo (1 Wakorintho 1:10–12). Inaelekea sura 37–38 na 49 zinatumia 1 Wakorintho 12–13, ingawa taswira ya mwili ilikuwa ya kawaida. Tarehe zinazopendekezwa zinaanzia karibu 70 hadi 140." }, { "dateFrom": 105, "dateTo": 150, "grade": "clear-quotation", "locator": "Ign. Eph. 18.1", "source": { "sourceKey": "ignatius-lightfoot", "author": "Ignatius of Antioch", "work": "Epistle to the Ephesians", "translator": "J. B. Lightfoot", "year": "1891", "locator": "Ign. Eph. 18.1", "url": "https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/ignatius-ephesians-lightfoot.html", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "My spirit is made an offscouring for the Cross, which is a stumbling-block to them that are unbelievers, but to us salvation and life eternal. Where is the wise? Where is the disputer?", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Ignatius wa Antiokia, To the Ephesians", "date": "Karibu 105–117 BK (inajadiliwa)", "note": "Bila kutaja chanzo lakini karibu neno kwa neno: maswali mawili kati ya matatu yanayouliza alipo mtu katika 1 Wakorintho 1:20, kando ya msalaba kama kikwazo na wokovu (1 Wakorintho 1:18–23); Eph. 16.1 inarudia 1 Wakorintho 6:9–10. Kwa kawaida tarehe ni karibu 105–117; Barnes (2008) anahoji miaka ya 140; wachache wanashuku uhalisi." }, { "dateFrom": 105, "dateTo": 150, "grade": "probable-allusion", "locator": "Ign. Rom. 9.2", "source": { "sourceKey": "ignatius-lightfoot", "author": "Ignatius of Antioch", "work": "Epistle to the Romans", "translator": "J. B. Lightfoot", "year": "1891", "locator": "Ign. Rom. 9.2", "url": "https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/ignatius-romans-lightfoot.html", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "But for myself I am ashamed to be called one of them; for neither am I worthy, being the very last of them and an untimely birth", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Ignatius wa Antiokia, To the Romans", "date": "Karibu 105–117 BK (inajadiliwa)", "note": "Ignatius anajiita asiyestahili, wa mwisho kabisa na aliyezaliwa kabla ya wakati, lugha inayopatikana pamoja katika 1 Wakorintho 15:8–9. Inaelekea, si hakika: anaitumia kwa nafasi yake katika kanisa la Shamu. Rom. 5.1 pia inachukua kutoka 1 Wakorintho 4:4." }, { "dateFrom": 110, "dateTo": 140, "grade": "clear-quotation", "locator": "Pol. Phil. 11.2", "source": { "sourceKey": "polycarp-philippians-lightfoot", "author": "Polycarp", "work": "Epistle of Polycarp to the Philippians", "translator": "J. B. Lightfoot", "year": "1891", "locator": "Pol. Phil. 11.2", "url": "https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/polycarp-lightfoot.html", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "Nay, know we not, that the saints shall judge the world, as Paul teacheth?", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Polycarp, To the Philippians", "date": "Karibu 110–140 BK (inajadiliwa)", "note": "Polycarp anahusisha watakatifu kuhukumu ulimwengu na Paulo (1 Wakorintho 6:2), akimtaja mtume lakini si barua. Sura ya 11 imehifadhiwa katika tafsiri ya Kilatini pekee; 5.3 ya Kiyunani inarudia sehemu ya orodha ya maovu ya 1 Wakorintho 6:9–10 bila kutaja chanzo." }, { "dateFrom": 138, "dateTo": 161, "grade": "canon-list", "locator": "Tertullian, Adv. Marc. 5.5-10", "source": { "sourceKey": "tertullian-against-marcion-anf", "author": "Tertullian", "work": "Against Marcion (Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 3)", "translator": "P. Holmes", "year": "1885", "locator": "Adv. Marc. 5.10", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/03125.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "Our heretic, however, in the excess of his folly, being unwilling that the statement should remain in this shape, altered last Adam into last Lord", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Apostolikon ya Marcion, kupitia Tertullian", "date": "Katikati ya karne ya 2 (imeripotiwa mapema karne ya 3)", "note": "Tertullian anajadili 1 Wakorintho ya pili, baada ya Wagalatia, katika uchunguzi wake wa toleo la Marcion, na kumshtaki Marcion kwa kubadili maandishi yake katika 1 Wakorintho 15:45. Hii ni taarifa pinzani iliyoandikwa miongo baadaye; kiasi alichobadili Marcion, badala ya kurithi, kinajadiliwa." }, { "dateFrom": 176, "dateTo": 189, "grade": "named-explicitly", "locator": "Haer. 4.27.3", "source": { "sourceKey": "irenaeus-against-heresies-anf", "author": "Irenaeus", "work": "Against Heresies (Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 1)", "translator": "A. Roberts and W. H. Rambaut", "year": "1885", "locator": "Haer. 4.27.3", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103427.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "But this also, [as the presbyter states,] has Paul declared most plainly in the Epistle to the Corinthians, when he says", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Irenaeus, Against Heresies", "date": "Karibu 180 BK", "note": "Irenaeus anaitaja barua na kunukuu 1 Wakorintho 10:1–12 akipitisha habari za mzee asiyetajwa aliyejifunza kutoka kwa waliowaona mitume (4.27.1). Kiasi cha hoja kinachotoka kwa mzee badala ya Irenaeus mwenyewe hakiko wazi." }, { "dateFrom": 170, "dateTo": 400, "grade": "canon-list", "locator": "Section 3 (ANF numbering)", "source": { "sourceKey": "muratorian-fragment-anf", "work": "Muratorian Fragment (Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 5)", "translator": "S. D. F. Salmond", "year": "1886", "locator": "Muratorian Fragment, section 3 (ANF 5 numbering)", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0510.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "He wrote first of all, and at considerable length, to the Corinthians, to check the schism of heresy", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Muratorian Fragment", "date": "Karibu 170–200 BK (baadhi wanahoji karne ya 4)", "note": "Mara mbili inaorodhesha Wakorintho kwanza kati ya barua za Paulo kwa makanisa na kutaja barua mbili kwa Korintho. Wengi huiweka karibu 170–200, kwa kuwa inamwita Hermas wa karibuni; Sundberg (1973) na Hahneman (1992) wanahoji karne ya nne. Imehifadhiwa katika nakala ya Kilatini ya karne ya saba au nane." }, { "dateFrom": 175, "dateTo": 250, "grade": "manuscript", "locator": "Gregory-Aland P46 (Chester Beatty BP II; Michigan inv. 6238)", "source": { "sourceKey": "csntm", "work": "CSNTM manuscript record, Gregory-Aland P46", "locator": "GA P46 (Dublin, CBL BP II)", "url": "https://manuscripts.csntm.org/manuscript/View/GA_P46", "publicDomain": false, "quote": "", "role": "catalogue-record" }, "witness": "Papyrus 46 (P46)", "date": "Karibu 200 BK (mwishoni mwa karne ya 2 au mapema karne ya 3)", "note": "CSNTM huiweka karibu 200, mwishoni mwa karne ya pili au mapema karne ya tatu. Tarehe inategemea mwandiko pekee; Kim (1988) alihoji mwishoni mwa karne ya kwanza, mtazamo ambao wengi wanaukataa. 1 Wakorintho inafuata Warumi na Waebrania; karatasi zilizoharibika zinapoteza mistari michache." } ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/sw/explore/evidence#reception-1-corinthians" }, { "letterId": "2-corinthians", "summary": "2 Wakorintho inashuhudiwa kwa uhakika kwanza katika mkusanyo wa Marcion (karibu miaka ya 140, unaojulikana kupitia Tertullian) na kutajwa kwa jina kwanza na Irenaeus (karibu 180), kisha Clement wa Aleksandria na orodha ya Muratorian (tarehe inajadiliwa). Inaelekea Polycarp anairudia; Ushahidi wa Ignatius na 1 Clement hauzidi mwangwi hafifu unaowezekana. Papyrus 46 (karibu 200) ndiyo hati ya kale ya kwanza zaidi.", "witnesses": [ { "dateFrom": 80, "dateTo": 100, "grade": "possible-echo", "locator": "1 Clem. 36.2; 47.1", "source": { "sourceKey": "first-clement-lightfoot", "author": "Clement of Rome", "work": "First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians", "translator": "J. B. Lightfoot", "year": "1891", "locator": "1 Clem. 36.2", "url": "https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/1clement-lightfoot.html", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "through Him we behold as in a mirror His faultless and most excellent visage", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "1 Clement (Rumi kwa Korintho)", "date": "Karibu 96 (80–100 zimependekezwa)", "note": "Taswira ya kioo huenda inarudia 2 Wakorintho 3:18, ingawa 1 Wakorintho 13:12 iko karibu vilevile. Clement anataja barua moja tu ya Paulo kwa Korintho (47.1); baadhi wanaona ishara kwamba 2 Wakorintho bado haikujulikana Rumi, wengine uchaguzi wa barua inayofaa." }, { "dateFrom": 105, "dateTo": 140, "grade": "possible-echo", "locator": "Trall. 9.2; Phld. 6.3", "source": { "sourceKey": "ignatius-lightfoot", "author": "Ignatius of Antioch", "work": "Epistle to the Trallians", "translator": "J. B. Lightfoot", "year": "1891", "locator": "Trall. 9.2", "url": "https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/ignatius-trallians-lightfoot.html", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "who moreover was truly raised from the dead, His Father having raised Him, who in the like fashion will so raise us also who believe on Him", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Ignatius wa Antiokia, To the Trallians na To the Philadelphians", "date": "Karibu 110 (baadhi wanahoji karibu 140)", "note": "Trall. 9.2 (Baba atawafufua waamini kama alivyomfufua Yesu) inafanana na 2 Wakorintho 4:14 lakini pia 1 Wakorintho 6:14 kwa kiwango sawa; Phld. 6.3 (kutomlemea yeyote) inakumbusha 2 Wakorintho 11:9 lakini pia 1 Wathesalonike 2:9. Kutegemea 2 Wakorintho hakuwezi kuonyeshwa." }, { "dateFrom": 110, "dateTo": 140, "grade": "probable-allusion", "locator": "Pol. Phil. 2.2; 4.1; 6.1", "source": { "sourceKey": "polycarp-philippians-lightfoot", "author": "Polycarp", "work": "Epistle of Polycarp to the Philippians", "translator": "J. B. Lightfoot", "year": "1891", "locator": "Pol. Phil. 2.2", "url": "https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/polycarp-lightfoot.html", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "Now He that raised Him from the dead will raise us also; if we do His will and walk in His commandments and love the things which He loved", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Polycarp wa Smirna, To the Philippians", "date": "Karibu 110–140 (tarehe inajadiliwa)", "note": "Misemo mitatu inakusanyika pamoja na 2 Wakorintho 4:14 (Mungu kuwafufua waamini kama alivyomfufua Yesu), 2 Wakorintho 6:7 (silaha za haki) na 2 Wakorintho 8:21 (heshima mbele ya Mungu na watu). Kila mmoja una ulinganifu kwingine (1 Wakorintho 6:14; Warumi 6:13; Warumi 12:17), hivyo hoja inategemea mkusanyiko huo." }, { "dateFrom": 138, "dateTo": 161, "grade": "canon-list", "locator": "Adv. Marc. 5.11-12", "source": { "sourceKey": "tertullian-against-marcion-anf", "author": "Tertullian", "work": "Against Marcion", "translator": "P. Holmes", "year": "1885", "locator": "Adv. Marc. 5.11", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/03125.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "We are quite aware that some passages are open to ambiguity, from the way in which they are read, or else from their punctuation, when there is room for these two causes of ambiguity. The latter method has been adopted by Marcion", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Apostolikon ya Marcion (imeripotiwa na Tertullian)", "date": "Karibu 140–150; imeripotiwa karibu 208", "note": "Tertullian anapitia maandishi ya Marcion ya 2 Wakorintho, ya tatu katika mpangilio wake baada ya Wagalatia na 1 Wakorintho, na kupinga uakifishaji wa Marcion wa 2 Wakorintho 4:4. Ishara ya kwanza zaidi ya uhakika kwamba barua ilienea katika mkusanyo wa Paulo, ingawa inajulikana kupitia taarifa pinzani pekee." }, { "dateFrom": 175, "dateTo": 190, "grade": "named-explicitly", "locator": "Haer. 3.7.1", "source": { "sourceKey": "irenaeus-against-heresies-anf", "author": "Irenaeus", "work": "Against Heresies", "translator": "A. Roberts and W. H. Rambaut", "year": "1885", "locator": "Haer. 3.7.1", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103307.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "As to their affirming that Paul said plainly in the Second [Epistle] to the Corinthians", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Irenaeus wa Lyon, Against Heresies", "date": "Karibu 180", "note": "Irenaeus anaitaja barua ya pili kwa Wakorintho akiwajibu wapinzani wanaosoma 2 Wakorintho 4:4 kama ushahidi wa mungu wa pili, wa chini, mstari ambao Tertullian anasema Marcion aliuakifisha. Pande zote ziliichukulia barua kuwa ya Paulo." }, { "dateFrom": 170, "dateTo": 400, "grade": "canon-list", "locator": "Canon Muratorianus 3 (ANF 5:603)", "source": { "sourceKey": "muratorian-fragment-anf", "work": "Muratorian Fragment", "translator": "S. D. F. Salmond", "year": "1886", "locator": "Canon Muratorianus 3 (ANF 5:603)", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0510.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "Moreover, though he writes twice to the Corinthians and Thessalonians for their correction, it is yet shown — i.e., by this sevenfold writing — that there is one Church spread abroad through the whole world.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Muratorian Fragment", "date": "Mwishoni mwa karne ya 2, au karne ya 4 (inajadiliwa)", "note": "Orodha inasema Paulo aliwaandikia Wakorintho mara mbili, hivyo inajua barua mbili za Korintho. Ikiwa ya mwishoni mwa karne ya pili na ya Rumi, ni orodha ya awali ya kanuni; ikiwa ya karne ya nne, kama A. C. Sundberg na G. M. Hahneman walivyohoji, inaongeza ushahidi mdogo wa awali." }, { "dateFrom": 195, "dateTo": 215, "grade": "named-explicitly", "locator": "Strom. 4.16; 4.21", "source": { "sourceKey": "clement-alexandria-stromata-anf", "author": "Clement of Alexandria", "work": "Stromata", "translator": "W. Wilson", "year": "1885", "locator": "Strom. 4.16", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/02104.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "So far the apostle respecting knowledge; and in the second Epistle to the Corinthians he calls the common teaching of faith the savour of knowledge.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Clement wa Aleksandria, Stromata", "date": "Karibu 200", "note": "Clement anaitaja barua ya pili kwa Wakorintho na kunukuu vifungu vyake virefu katika Strom. 4.21. Pamoja na Irenaeus huko Gaul na Tertullian huko Carthage, hii inaonyesha barua ilisomwa kama ya Paulo katika kanisa lote kufikia karibu 200." }, { "dateFrom": 175, "dateTo": 250, "grade": "manuscript", "locator": "GA P46", "source": { "sourceKey": "csntm", "work": "Manuscript P46", "locator": "GA P46", "url": "https://manuscripts.csntm.org/manuscript/View/GA_P46", "publicDomain": false, "quote": "", "role": "catalogue-record" }, "witness": "Papyrus 46 (P46)", "date": "Karibu 200 (mwishoni mwa karne ya 2 au mapema karne ya 3)", "note": "Hati ya kale ya kwanza zaidi ya 2 Wakorintho, katika kodeksi ya barua za Paulo iliyogawanywa kati ya Dublin (CBL BP II, karatasi 56) na Ann Arbor (P.Mich. inv. 6238, karatasi 30). CSNTM huiweka karibu 200; tarehe ya karne ya kwanza ya Y. K. Kim ya 1988 imepata uungwaji mkono mdogo." } ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/sw/explore/evidence#reception-2-corinthians" }, { "letterId": "galatians", "summary": "Matumizi ya wazi ya kwanza ya Wagalatia ni Polycarp anaponukuu Wagalatia 6:7 (karibu 110–140). Inaonekana Marcion (karibu miaka ya 140) aliiweka kwanza katika mkusanyo wake wa Paulo. Irenaeus (karibu 180) anaitaja na kulinganisha ziara yake ya Yerusalemu na Matendo 15. P46 (karibu 200) ndiyo hati ya kale ya kwanza zaidi. Ulinganifu wa 1 Clement na Ignatius ni mwangwi unaowezekana, si uthibitisho.", "witnesses": [ { "dateFrom": 80, "dateTo": 100, "grade": "possible-echo", "locator": "1 Clement 5.2", "source": { "sourceKey": "first-clement-lightfoot", "author": "Clement of Rome", "work": "First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians", "translator": "J. B. Lightfoot", "year": "1891", "locator": "1 Clement 5.2", "url": "https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/1clement-lightfoot.html", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "By reason of jealousy and envy the greatest and most righteous pillars of the Church were persecuted, and contended even unto death.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "1 Clement (Rumi)", "date": "Karibu 96 (inajadiliwa)", "note": "Inawaita mitume walioteswa, Petro na Paulo kati yao, nguzo za kanisa, neno ambalo Wagalatia 2:9 inatumia kwa Yakobo, Kefa na Yohana. Lightfoot aliona taswira hiyo ilikuwa ya kawaida katika maandishi ya Kiyahudi, hivyo utegemezi una shaka. Barua pekee ya Paulo ambayo Clement anaitumia wazi ni 1 Wakorintho (47.1)." }, { "dateFrom": 105, "dateTo": 140, "grade": "possible-echo", "locator": "Philadelphians 1.1", "source": { "sourceKey": "ignatius-lightfoot", "author": "Ignatius of Antioch", "work": "Epistle to the Philadelphians", "translator": "J. B. Lightfoot", "year": "1891", "locator": "Philadelphians 1.1", "url": "https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/ignatius-philadelphians-lightfoot.html", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "This your bishop I have found to hold the ministry which pertaineth to the common weal, not of himself or through men, nor yet for vain glory, but in the love of God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Ignatius wa Antiokia, To the Philadelphians", "date": "Karibu 110 (baadhi wanahoji miaka ya 130–140)", "note": "Inasema huduma ya askofu haitokani naye mwenyewe wala kupitia watu. Maneno yanakaribia ukataaji wa chanzo cha kibinadamu wa Wagalatia 1:1, lakini hapa yanaeleza askofu. Maonyo ya Ignatius kuhusu Uyahudi (Magnesians 8.1, 10.3) ni ulinganifu wa mada, si uthibitisho kwamba alisoma Wagalatia." }, { "dateFrom": 110, "dateTo": 140, "grade": "clear-quotation", "locator": "Philippians 5.1", "source": { "sourceKey": "polycarp-philippians-lightfoot", "author": "Polycarp", "work": "Epistle of Polycarp to the Philippians", "translator": "J. B. Lightfoot", "year": "1891", "locator": "Philippians 5.1", "url": "https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/polycarp-lightfoot.html", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "Knowing then that God is not mocked, we ought to walk worthily of His commandment and His glory.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Polycarp wa Smirna, To the Philippians", "date": "Karibu 110–140", "note": "Anatanguliza maneno bainifu ya Wagalatia 6:7 kama jambo linalojulikana, mfumo anaoutumia pia kwa 1 Timotheo 6:7 (4.1). Msemo wa awali unaoshirikiwa unawezekana lakini haushuhudiwi. Kuiita imani mama wa waamini wote (3.3) kunaelekea kurudia Wagalatia 4:26. Anamtaja Paulo, si Wagalatia." }, { "dateFrom": 140, "dateTo": 150, "grade": "canon-list", "locator": "Tertullian, Against Marcion 4.3; 5.2-4", "source": { "sourceKey": "tertullian-against-marcion-anf", "author": "Tertullian", "work": "Against Marcion (Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 3)", "translator": "P. Holmes", "year": "1885", "locator": "Against Marcion 4.3", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/03124.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "Marcion, finding the Epistle of Paul to the Galatians (wherein he rebukes even apostles) for not walking uprightly according to the truth of the gospel, as well as accuses certain false apostles of perverting the gospel of Christ), labours very hard to destroy the character of those Gospels", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Apostolikon ya Marcion, imeripotiwa na Tertullian", "date": "Karibu 140–150 (imeripotiwa karibu 208)", "note": "Mkusanyo wa Marcion wa barua kumi unajulikana kupitia wapinzani pekee. Inaonekana ulifunguliwa na Wagalatia, ambayo Kitabu cha 5 cha Tertullian kinajadili kwanza. Tertullian anasema Marcion alifuta marejeo ya Ibrahimu (5.3–4); baadhi hufikiri maandishi ya Marcion yalikuwa tofauti tu. Unashuhudia mamlaka ya barua zaidi kuliko maandishi yake yote." }, { "dateFrom": 174, "dateTo": 189, "grade": "named-explicitly", "locator": "Against Heresies 3.13.3", "source": { "sourceKey": "irenaeus-against-heresies-anf", "author": "Irenaeus", "work": "Against Heresies (Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 1)", "translator": "A. Roberts and W. H. Rambaut", "year": "1885", "locator": "Against Heresies 3.13.3", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103313.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "went up to them, with Barnabas, to Jerusalem, not without reason, but that the liberty of the Gentiles might be confirmed by them, he does himself say, in the Epistle to the Galatians", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Irenaeus wa Lyons, Against Heresies", "date": "Karibu 180", "note": "Anaitaja Barua kwa Wagalatia, ananukuu taarifa yake ya kupanda na Barnaba na Tito, na kuhoji kwamba miaka inalingana na Matendo 15. Utambulisho huo bado unajadiliwa: wengi wanapendelea ziara ya njaa ya Matendo 11:30, na baadhi wanaona mvutano halisi kati ya taarifa." }, { "dateFrom": 170, "dateTo": 375, "grade": "canon-list", "locator": "Canon Muratorianus 3", "source": { "sourceKey": "muratorian-fragment-anf", "work": "Muratorian Fragment (Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 5, Fragments of Caius)", "translator": "S. D. F. Salmond", "year": "1886", "locator": "Canon Muratorianus 3", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0510.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "He wrote first of all, and at considerable length, to the Corinthians, to check the schism of heresy; and then to the Galatians, to forbid circumcision", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Muratorian Fragment", "date": "Karibu 170–200, au karne ya 4 (inajadiliwa)", "note": "Inasema Wagalatia iliandikwa kukataza tohara, na kuiorodhesha tena kati ya makanisa saba. Kauli yake kuhusu Hermas inaashiria Rumi karibu 170–200, lakini Sundberg na Hahneman wanahoji karne ya nne. Imehifadhiwa katika nakala ya Kilatini ya karne ya saba au nane." }, { "dateFrom": 193, "dateTo": 215, "grade": "named-explicitly", "locator": "Stromata 3.15", "source": { "sourceKey": "clement-alexandria-stromata-anf", "author": "Clement of Alexandria", "work": "The Stromata, or Miscellanies (Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 2)", "translator": "W. Wilson", "year": "1885", "locator": "Stromata 3.15", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/02103.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "Quare Paulus quoque scribens ad Galatas, dicit", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Clement wa Aleksandria, Stromata", "date": "Karibu 200", "note": "Anatanguliza Wagalatia 4:19 kama Paulo akiwaandikia Wagalatia (ANF inachapisha kitabu hiki kwa Kilatini). Stromata inanukuu Wagalatia mara nyingi. Tertullian huko Carthage pia anaitaja (Prescription against Heretics 6), hivyo kufikia karibu 200 waandishi wa maeneo kadhaa waliitaja kwa jina." }, { "dateFrom": 175, "dateTo": 250, "grade": "manuscript", "locator": "Gregory-Aland/INTF Liste P46 (Dublin, CBL BP II; Ann Arbor, P.Mich. inv. 6238)", "source": { "sourceKey": "csntm", "author": "Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts", "work": "CSNTM manuscript record: P46", "locator": "GA P46", "url": "https://manuscripts.csntm.org/manuscript/View/GA_P46", "publicDomain": false, "quote": "", "role": "catalogue-record" }, "witness": "Papyrus 46 (P46)", "date": "Karibu 200 (kwa mwandiko)", "note": "Hati ya kale ya kwanza zaidi ya Wagalatia: kodeksi ya Paulo, ambayo inaelekea imetoka Misri, ambamo Wagalatia inafuata Waefeso. Tarehe inawekwa kwa mwandiko pekee. CSNTM inatoa karibu 200 na INTF Liste mapema karne ya tatu; mapendekezo yaliyochapishwa yanaanzia mwishoni mwa karne ya kwanza hadi ya tatu." } ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/sw/explore/evidence#reception-galatians" }, { "letterId": "ephesians", "summary": "Waefeso ilijulikana kufikia karibu 110–140 BK: Polycarp ananukuu Waefeso 4:26 (imehifadhiwa kwa Kilatini pekee), inaelekea Ignatius anaidokeza, na 1 Clement ina mwangwi unaowezekana. Marcion aliiita Laodiceans; Irenaeus na Clement wa Aleksandria wanaitaja; P46 (karibu 200) haitaji mji katika anwani yake. Hii inaonyesha kuenea kwa jina la Paulo, si uandishi, ambao wasomi wengi wanauhoji.", "witnesses": [ { "dateFrom": 70, "dateTo": 140, "grade": "possible-echo", "locator": "1 Clem. 46.6; 59.3", "source": { "sourceKey": "first-clement-lightfoot", "author": "Church of Rome (traditionally Clement of Rome)", "work": "First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians", "translator": "J. B. Lightfoot", "year": "1891", "locator": "1 Clem. 46.6", "url": "https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/1clement-lightfoot.html", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "Have we not one God and one Christ and one Spirit of grace that was shed upon us? And is there not one calling in Christ?", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "1 Clement (kanisa la Rumi kwa Korintho)", "date": "Karibu 95–97 BK (mapendekezo karibu 70–140)", "note": "Wito wa Clement kwa Mungu mmoja, Kristo mmoja, Roho Mtakatifu mmoja na mwito mmoja (46.6) unafanana na Waefeso 4:4–6; sala yake ya kufungua macho ya moyo (59.3) inafanana na Waefeso 1:18. Lugha ya ibada inayoshirikiwa inaweza kueleza zote; kamati ya Oxford (1905) iliona haiwezekani kuthibitisha utegemezi." }, { "dateFrom": 105, "dateTo": 150, "grade": "probable-allusion", "locator": "Ign. Eph. inscription, 12.2; Ign. Pol. 5.1", "source": { "sourceKey": "ignatius-lightfoot", "author": "Ignatius of Antioch", "work": "Epistle to the Ephesians", "translator": "J. B. Lightfoot", "year": "1891", "locator": "Ign. Eph. inscription", "url": "https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/ignatius-ephesians-lightfoot.html", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "unto her which hath been blessed in greatness through the plentitude of God the Father; which hath been foreordained before the ages to be for ever unto abiding and unchangeable glory, united and elect in a true passion, by the will of the Father and of Jesus Christ our God", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Ignatius wa Antiokia", "date": "Kwa kawaida karibu 105–117 BK; baadhi wanahoji baadaye", "note": "Salamu yake kwa Efeso inatumia tena msamiati wa baraka wa Waefeso 1:3–12; To Polycarp 5.1 inarudia Waefeso 5:25. Dai lake kwamba Paulo anawataja katika kila barua (12.2) halitaji barua yoyote. Kamati ya Oxford (1905) iliona karibu hakika kwamba mwangwi haukuwa wa bahati; von der Goltz alishuku utegemezi." }, { "dateFrom": 110, "dateTo": 140, "grade": "clear-quotation", "locator": "Pol. Phil. 1.3; 12.1", "source": { "sourceKey": "polycarp-philippians-lightfoot", "author": "Polycarp of Smyrna", "work": "Epistle to the Philippians", "translator": "J. B. Lightfoot", "year": "1891", "locator": "Pol. Phil. 12.1", "url": "https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/polycarp-lightfoot.html", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "For I am persuaded that ye are well trained in the sacred writings, and nothing is hidden from you. But to myself this is not granted. Only, as it is said in these scriptures, Be ye angry and sin not, and Let not the sun set on your wrath.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Polycarp wa Smirna, To the Philippians", "date": "Karibu 110–140 BK", "note": "Polycarp anaunganisha vifungu viwili vinavyopatikana pamoja katika Waefeso 4:26 pekee, akiviita maandiko; sura yake ya kwanza inarudia kwa karibu Waefeso 2:8–9. Sura ya 12 imehifadhiwa kwa Kilatini pekee, na kifungu chake cha kwanza pia kipo katika Zaburi za Kiyunani, hivyo jina linaweza kumaanisha Zaburi." }, { "dateFrom": 138, "dateTo": 161, "grade": "named-explicitly", "locator": "Tertullian, Adv. Marc. 5.11; 5.17-18", "source": { "sourceKey": "tertullian-against-marcion-anf", "author": "Tertullian", "work": "Against Marcion", "translator": "Peter Holmes", "year": "1885", "locator": "Adv. Marc. 5.17.1", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/03125.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "We have it on the true tradition of the Church, that this epistle was sent to the Ephesians, not to the Laodiceans. Marcion, however, was very desirous of giving it the new title (of Laodicean), as if he were extremely accurate in investigating such a point.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Apostolikon ya Marcion (imeripotiwa na Tertullian)", "date": "Katikati ya karne ya 2, karibu 138–161 BK; imeripotiwa karibu 207–208", "note": "Mkusanyo ulihaririwa wa Marcion wa Paulo ulikuwa na barua hii kama To the Laodiceans, labda kutokana na Wakolosai 4:16 au nakala isiyotaja mji. Tertullian, mtoa taarifa pinzani, anasema mapokeo ya kanisa yanaiita Waefeso na kumshtaki Marcion kwa kufuta maneno (5.17–18)." }, { "dateFrom": 175, "dateTo": 189, "grade": "named-explicitly", "locator": "Haer. 5.2.3; 5.8.1; 5.14.3; 1.8.4-5", "source": { "sourceKey": "irenaeus-against-heresies-anf", "author": "Irenaeus of Lyons", "work": "Against Heresies", "translator": "Alexander Roberts and William Rambaut", "year": "1885", "locator": "Haer. 5.2.3", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103502.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "even as the blessed Paul declares in his Epistle to the Ephesians, that we are members of His body, of His flesh, and of His bones.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Irenaeus wa Lyons, Against Heresies", "date": "Karibu 180 BK (Kitabu cha 3 kiliandikwa Eleutherus akiwa askofu wa Rumi)", "note": "Irenaeus anaitaja barua mara kwa mara (pia 5.8.1 na 5.14.3) na kuripoti walimu wa Valentinus wakitaja maneno yake kuwa ya Paulo (1.8.4–5). Kufikia karibu 180 yeye na wapinzani wake waliichukulia kuwa ya Paulo; hii inaonyesha kukubalika, si aliyeiandika." }, { "dateFrom": 170, "dateTo": 400, "grade": "canon-list", "locator": "Canon Muratorianus 3", "source": { "sourceKey": "muratorian-fragment-anf", "work": "Muratorian Fragment (Canon Muratorianus)", "translator": "S. D. F. Salmond", "year": "1886", "locator": "Canon Muratorianus 3 (ANF 5 numbering)", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0510.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "as the blessed Apostle Paul, following the rule of his predecessor John, writes to no more than seven churches by name, in this order: the first to the Corinthians, the second to the Ephesians, the third to the Philippians", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Muratorian Fragment", "date": "Kimapokeo karibu 170–200 BK; baadhi wanahoji karne ya 4", "note": "Inaorodhesha Waefeso ya pili kati ya barua za Paulo kwa makanisa saba yaliyotajwa. Wengi huiweka orodha karibu 170–200 katika Magharibi; Sundberg (1973) na Hahneman (1992) wanahoji orodha ya Mashariki ya karne ya nne. Nakala yake kuu ni hati ya kale ya Kilatini ya karne ya nane." }, { "dateFrom": 198, "dateTo": 210, "grade": "named-explicitly", "locator": "Strom. 4.8", "source": { "sourceKey": "clement-alexandria-stromata-anf", "author": "Clement of Alexandria", "work": "Stromata", "translator": "William Wilson", "year": "1885", "locator": "Strom. 4.8", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/02104.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "Wherefore also in the Epistle to the Ephesians it is written, Subjecting yourselves one to another in the fear of God.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Clement wa Aleksandria, Stromata", "date": "Karibu 198–210 BK", "note": "Clement anaitaja barua na kunukuu Waefeso 5:21–29 akitumia utangulizi wa imeandikwa, kisha anageukia Wakolosai. Kama mwalimu wa Aleksandria, anaonyesha ilisomwa kwa mamlaka Misri, kama Irenaeus anavyoonyesha kwa Gaul." }, { "dateFrom": 175, "dateTo": 250, "grade": "manuscript", "locator": "Gregory-Aland P46 (Dublin, Chester Beatty Library, BP II)", "source": { "sourceKey": "csntm", "work": "CSNTM manuscript record: GA P46", "locator": "GA P46", "url": "https://manuscripts.csntm.org/manuscript/View/GA_P46", "publicDomain": false, "quote": "", "role": "catalogue-record" }, "witness": "Papyrus 46 (P46)", "date": "Karibu 200 BK (kwa mwandiko)", "note": "Hati ya kale ya kwanza zaidi: kodeksi ya mafunjo ya barua za Paulo iliyowekewa tarehe ya karibu 200 BK kwa mwandiko, ikiwa na nafasi ya miongo kadhaa. Katika Waefeso 1:1 haitaji mji, kama Sinaiticus na Vaticanus kabla ya warekebishaji wa baadaye kuongeza Efeso." } ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/sw/explore/evidence#reception-ephesians" }, { "letterId": "philippians", "summary": "Wafilipi inashuhudiwa vizuri kufikia mwishoni mwa karne ya pili. Polycarp (karibu 110–140) anawakumbusha Wafilipi kwamba Paulo aliwaandikia; mkusanyo wa Marcion (karibu miaka ya 140) uliijumuisha; barua kutoka Lyons (karibu 177) inanukuu; Irenaeus na Clement wa Aleksandria wanainukuu kwa jina; P46 (karibu 200) inaihifadhi. Mwangwi katika 1 Clement na Ignatius unawezekana, haujathibitishwa.", "witnesses": [ { "dateFrom": 80, "dateTo": 120, "grade": "possible-echo", "locator": "1 Clement 21.1; cf. 47.2", "source": { "sourceKey": "first-clement-lightfoot", "author": "Clement of Rome", "work": "First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians", "translator": "J. B. Lightfoot", "year": "1891", "locator": "1 Clem. 21.1", "url": "https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/1clement-lightfoot.html", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "if we walk not worthily of Him, and do those things which are good and well pleasing in His sight with concord.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "1 Clement (Rumi kwa Korintho)", "date": "Karibu 95–100 (inajadiliwa)", "note": "21.1 inaunganisha wazo la kustahili na kitenzi cha Kiyunani cha kuendesha maisha kama raia, kama Wafilipi 1:27 inavyofanya, na usemi wa mwanzo wa injili wa 47.2 unalingana na Wafilipi 4:15. Zote zinaweza kuwa usemi wa Kikristo unaoshirikiwa; Clement anataja tu barua ya Paulo kwa Korintho." }, { "dateFrom": 105, "dateTo": 140, "grade": "possible-echo", "locator": "Ignatius, Philadelphians 8.2; cf. Smyrnaeans 4.2", "source": { "sourceKey": "ignatius-lightfoot", "author": "Ignatius of Antioch", "work": "Epistle to the Philadelphians", "translator": "J. B. Lightfoot", "year": "1891", "locator": "Phld. 8.2", "url": "https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/ignatius-philadelphians-lightfoot.html", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "and I entreat you, Do ye nothing in a spirit of factiousness but after the teaching of Christ.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Ignatius wa Antiokia, barua", "date": "Karibu 110 (inajadiliwa)", "note": "Philadelphians 8.2 inashiriki na Wafilipi 2:3 usemi wa Kiyunani wa kutofanya kitu kwa kushindana; Smyrnaeans 4.2, kuhusu kuvumilia yote Kristo anapompa nguvu, inafanana na Wafilipi 4:13. Ignatius haitaji Wafilipi kamwe, na misemo hiyo ingeweza kuenea kwa uhuru, hivyo matumizi yanawezekana, hayajathibitishwa." }, { "dateFrom": 110, "dateTo": 140, "grade": "named-explicitly", "locator": "Polycarp, Philippians 3.2; cf. 9.2, 12.3", "source": { "sourceKey": "polycarp-philippians-lightfoot", "author": "Polycarp", "work": "Epistle of Polycarp to the Philippians", "translator": "J. B. Lightfoot", "year": "1891", "locator": "Pol. Phil. 3.2", "url": "https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/polycarp-lightfoot.html", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "the blessed and glorious Paul, who when he came among you taught face to face with the men of that day the word which concerneth truth carefully and surely; who also, when he was absent, wrote a letter unto you", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Polycarp wa Smirna, To the Philippians", "date": "Karibu 110–140", "note": "Anawaambia Wafilipi kwamba Paulo, alipokuwa hayupo, aliwaandikia barua kwa wingi (Kiyunani kina wingi; Lightfoot hutafsiri barua moja): barua moja, kadhaa, au Wafilipi iliyounganishwa kutoka sehemu zote zinajadiliwa. 9.2 inashiriki maneno na Wafilipi 2:16 (ling. Wagalatia 2:2); 12.3, iliyohifadhiwa kwa Kilatini pekee, huenda inarudia Wafilipi 3:18." }, { "dateFrom": 140, "dateTo": 150, "grade": "canon-list", "locator": "Tertullian, Against Marcion 5.20", "source": { "sourceKey": "tertullian-against-marcion-anf", "author": "Tertullian", "work": "Against Marcion", "translator": "P. Holmes", "year": "1885", "locator": "Marc. 5.20", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/03125.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "Of course the Marcionites suppose that they have the apostle on their side in the following passage in the matter of Christ's substance — that in Him there was nothing but a phantom of flesh.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Apostolikon ya Marcion, imeripotiwa na Tertullian", "date": "Karibu miaka ya 140 (imeripotiwa mapema karne ya 3)", "note": "Kitabu cha 5 kinatoa hoja kutoka barua za Paulo alizokubali Marcion pekee; sura ya 20 inajadili Wafilipi, ikijibu dai la wafuasi wa Marcion, kutoka Wafilipi 2:6–8, kwamba Kristo alionekana tu kuwa na mwili. Mkusanyo wa Marcion umehifadhiwa kupitia watoa taarifa pinzani pekee, hivyo maneno yake kamili hayana uhakika." }, { "dateFrom": 175, "dateTo": 180, "grade": "clear-quotation", "locator": "Eusebius, Church History 5.2.2", "source": { "sourceKey": "eusebius-history-mcgiffert", "author": "Eusebius of Caesarea", "work": "Church History", "translator": "A. C. McGiffert", "year": "1890", "locator": "Hist. eccl. 5.2.2", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/250105.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "It is proper to add other selections from the same letter, in which the moderation and compassion of these witnesses is recorded in the following words: They were also so zealous in their imitation of Christ", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Barua ya makanisa ya Vienne na Lyons, katika Eusebius", "date": "Karibu 177 (imehifadhiwa na Eusebius, mapema karne ya 4)", "note": "Inaeleza jinsi mashahidi wa imani walivyomwiga Kristo kwa maneno ya Wafilipi 2:6, yaliyonukuliwa bila kuitaja barua. Barua ya makanisa ya Gaul imehifadhiwa katika dondoo za Eusebius pekee, hivyo maneno yake yanatufikia kupitia yeye." }, { "dateFrom": 180, "dateTo": 189, "grade": "named-explicitly", "locator": "Irenaeus, Against Heresies 4.18.4", "source": { "sourceKey": "irenaeus-against-heresies-anf", "author": "Irenaeus", "work": "Against Heresies", "translator": "A. Roberts and W. H. Rambaut", "year": "1885", "locator": "Haer. 4.18.4", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103418.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "Inasmuch, then, as the Church offers with single-mindedness, her gift is justly reckoned a pure sacrifice with God. As Paul also says to the Philippians,", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Irenaeus wa Lyons, Against Heresies", "date": "Karibu 180–189", "note": "Anatanguliza Wafilipi 4:18, zawadi iliyoletwa na Epafrodito, kama kauli ya Paulo kwa Wafilipi, kama mfano wa sadaka ya kanisa. Mojawapo ya nukuu za kwanza zaidi zilizohifadhiwa kutaja walengwa wa barua." }, { "dateFrom": 170, "dateTo": 400, "grade": "canon-list", "locator": "Muratorian fragment, Pauline letter list", "source": { "sourceKey": "muratorian-fragment-anf", "work": "Muratorian Fragment (Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 5)", "year": "1886", "locator": "Pauline letter list", "url": "https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/muratorian.html", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "the blessed Apostle Paul, following the rule of his predecessor John, writes to no more than seven churches by name, in this order: the first to the Corinthians, the second to the Ephesians, the third to the Philippians, the fourth to the Colossians", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Muratorian fragment", "date": "Mwishoni mwa karne ya 2 (inajadiliwa)", "note": "Inaorodhesha Wafilipi ya tatu kati ya barua za Paulo kwa makanisa saba, mpangilio wa kiishara. Wengi huiweka orodha Rumi ya mwishoni mwa karne ya pili; Sundberg na Hahneman walihoji asili ya karne ya nne. Imehifadhiwa katika hati ya kale ya Kilatini ya karne ya saba au nane." }, { "dateFrom": 195, "dateTo": 215, "grade": "named-explicitly", "locator": "Clement, Stromata 4.13", "source": { "sourceKey": "clement-alexandria-stromata-anf", "author": "Clement of Alexandria", "work": "Stromata", "translator": "W. Wilson", "year": "1885", "locator": "Strom. 4.13", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/02104.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "joying and rejoicing with the Philippians, to whom the apostle speaks, calling them fellow-partakers of joy", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Clement wa Aleksandria, Stromata", "date": "Karibu 200 (inajadiliwa)", "note": "Ananukuu Wafilipi 1:28–2:2 na 2:20–21, anafafanua 2:17 kwa maneno yake, na kuwataja Wafilipi kama walengwa wa mtume, akionyesha barua ikitumika Aleksandria karibu 200." }, { "dateFrom": 175, "dateTo": 250, "grade": "manuscript", "locator": "Gregory-Aland P46", "source": { "sourceKey": "csntm", "work": "P46 manuscript record", "locator": "Gregory-Aland P46", "url": "https://manuscripts.csntm.org/manuscript/View/GA_P46", "publicDomain": false, "quote": "", "role": "catalogue-record" }, "witness": "Papyrus 46 (Chester Beatty BP II na Michigan)", "date": "Karibu 200 (inajadiliwa)", "note": "Hati ya kale ya kwanza zaidi iliyohifadhiwa ya Wafilipi, katika kodeksi ya barua za Paulo iliyogawanywa kati ya Dublin (Chester Beatty BP II) na Ann Arbor (P. Mich. inv. 6238). Wengi huiweka karibu 200; tarehe ya mwishoni mwa karne ya kwanza ya Young Kyu Kim imepata uungwaji mkono mdogo." } ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/sw/explore/evidence#reception-philippians" }, { "letterId": "colossians", "summary": "Irenaeus, karibu 180, ndiye mwandishi wa kwanza zaidi anayeweza kuwekewa tarehe kwa uhakika na anayeitaja Wakolosai. Kabla yake, ilikuwa katika mkusanyo wa Paulo wa Marcion kufikia karibu 150, kama Tertullian anavyoripoti, na walimu wa Valentinus waliinukuu kama ya Paulo. Huenda Ignatius na Polycarp wanarudia, lakini hakuna mfano ulio na uhakika. Papyrus 46, karibu 200, ndiyo nakala ya kwanza zaidi iliyohifadhiwa. Matumizi ya awali hayaamui uandishi.", "witnesses": [ { "dateFrom": 105, "dateTo": 140, "grade": "possible-echo", "locator": "To the Trallians 5.2", "source": { "sourceKey": "ignatius-lightfoot", "author": "Ignatius of Antioch", "work": "Epistle to the Trallians", "translator": "J. B. Lightfoot", "year": "1891", "locator": "To the Trallians 5.2", "url": "https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/ignatius-trallians-lightfoot.html", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "comprehend heavenly things and the arrays of the angels and the musterings of the principalities, things visible and things invisible", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Ignatius wa Antiokia, To the Trallians", "date": "Karibu 110 BK (tarehe inajadiliwa)", "note": "Ignatius anaweka vitu vinavyoonekana na visivyoonekana kando ya vyeo vya malaika, kama Wakolosai 1:16 inavyofanya, na Smyrnaeans 6.1 inafanana. Huenda Wakristo walishiriki namna hii ya kueleza mbingu bila kuichukua kutoka barua, hivyo huu ni mwangwi unaowezekana tu." }, { "dateFrom": 110, "dateTo": 140, "grade": "possible-echo", "locator": "To the Philippians 10.1", "source": { "sourceKey": "polycarp-philippians-lightfoot", "author": "Polycarp", "work": "Epistle to the Philippians", "translator": "J. B. Lightfoot", "year": "1891", "locator": "To the Philippians 10.1", "url": "https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/polycarp-lightfoot.html", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "Stand fast therefore in these things and follow the example of the Lord, being firm in the faith and immovable", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Polycarp wa Smirna, To the Philippians", "date": "Karibu 110–140 BK", "note": "Wito wa kuwa imara katika imani bila kutikisika unafanana na Wakolosai 1:23, lakini 1 Wakorintho 15:58 iko angalau karibu vilevile. Sura hii imehifadhiwa katika toleo la Kilatini pekee, hivyo maneno yake ya Kiyunani hayawezi kulinganishwa." }, { "dateFrom": 140, "dateTo": 160, "grade": "canon-list", "locator": "Against Marcion 5.19", "source": { "sourceKey": "tertullian-against-marcion-anf", "author": "Tertullian", "work": "Against Marcion, Book 5 (Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 3)", "translator": "Peter Holmes", "year": "1885", "locator": "Against Marcion 5.19", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/03125.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "Now, if it is our gospel which has spread everywhere, rather than any heretical gospel, much less Marcion's, which only dates from the reign of Antoninus, then ours will be the gospel of the apostles.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Apostolikon ya Marcion, kama ilivyoripotiwa na Tertullian", "date": "Karibu 140–150 BK (imeripotiwa karibu 207–208)", "note": "Tertullian anamjibu Marcion kutoka barua zilizo katika toleo la Marcion, na hapa anahoji kutoka Wakolosai ya Marcion, hivyo barua ilikuwa katika mkusanyo wa Paulo wa Marcion kufikia katikati ya karne ya pili. Kiasi cha kufanana kati ya maandishi ya Marcion na yetu kinajadiliwa." }, { "dateFrom": 150, "dateTo": 180, "grade": "clear-quotation", "locator": "Against Heresies 1.3.4", "source": { "sourceKey": "irenaeus-against-heresies-anf", "author": "Irenaeus", "work": "Against Heresies, Book 1 (Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 1)", "translator": "Alexander Roberts and William Rambaut", "year": "1885", "locator": "Against Heresies 1.3.4", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103103.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "And they state that it was clearly on this account that Paul said", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Walimu wa Valentinus, kama walivyoripotiwa na Irenaeus", "date": "Kabla ya karibu 180 BK", "note": "Irenaeus anaripoti walimu wa Valentinus wakimtaja Paulo kwa maneno yaliyo karibu na Wakolosai 3:11 na Wakolosai 2:9 ili waonyeshe Mwokozi anatokana na Aeons wote. Hivyo wasomaji nje ya makanisa makuu tayari walichukulia maneno ya barua kuwa ya Paulo kabla ya karibu 180." }, { "dateFrom": 180, "dateTo": 189, "grade": "named-explicitly", "locator": "Against Heresies 3.14.1", "source": { "sourceKey": "irenaeus-against-heresies-anf", "author": "Irenaeus", "work": "Against Heresies, Book 3 (Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 1)", "translator": "Alexander Roberts and William Rambaut", "year": "1885", "locator": "Against Heresies 3.14.1", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103314.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "From this he shows that he was always attached to and inseparable from him. And again he says, in the Epistle to the Colossians", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Irenaeus wa Lyon, Against Heresies", "date": "Karibu 180–189 BK", "note": "Irenaeus anaitaja Barua kwa Wakolosai na kutaja salamu ya Luka katika Wakolosai 4:14 kuonyesha kwamba Luka alikaa karibu na Paulo. Anaitaja barua tena kwingine, kwa mfano katika Against Heresies 5.14.2." }, { "dateFrom": 170, "dateTo": 375, "grade": "canon-list", "locator": "Canon Muratorianus 3 (ANF numbering)", "source": { "sourceKey": "muratorian-fragment-anf", "author": "Anonymous (Muratorian Fragment)", "work": "Canon Muratorianus (Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 5)", "translator": "S. D. F. Salmond", "year": "1886", "locator": "Canon Muratorianus 3 (ANF numbering)", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0510.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "writes to no more than seven churches by name, in this order: the first to the Corinthians, the second to the Ephesians, the third to the Philippians, the fourth to the Colossians", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Muratorian Fragment", "date": "Mwishoni mwa karne ya 2, au karne ya 4 (inajadiliwa)", "note": "Orodha inaweka Wakolosai ya nne kati ya barua za Paulo kwa makanisa saba. Wasomi wengi huiweka karibu 170–200, na wachache karne ya nne. Maandishi yake yote yamehifadhiwa katika hati ya kale ya Kilatini ya karne ya saba au nane pekee." }, { "dateFrom": 198, "dateTo": 215, "grade": "named-explicitly", "locator": "Stromata 5.10", "source": { "sourceKey": "clement-alexandria-stromata-anf", "author": "Clement of Alexandria", "work": "Stromata, Book 5 (Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 2)", "translator": "William Wilson", "year": "1885", "locator": "Stromata 5.10", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/02105.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "For there is an instruction of the perfect, of which, writing to the Colossians, he says", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Clement wa Aleksandria, Stromata", "date": "Karibu 200 BK", "note": "Clement anaitaja barua iliyoandikwa kwa Wakolosai na kunukuu vifungu vyake kadhaa, pamoja na Wakolosai 1:9–11 na Wakolosai 1:25–27, kuhusu siri iliyofunuliwa kwa waamini waliokomaa. Wakristo wa Aleksandria walikuwa wakiisoma kama ya Paulo karibu 200." }, { "dateFrom": 175, "dateTo": 250, "grade": "manuscript", "locator": "Gregory-Aland P46 (Dublin, Chester Beatty Library, CBL BP II)", "source": { "sourceKey": "csntm", "author": "Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts", "work": "CSNTM manuscript record: GA P46", "locator": "GA P46 (CSNTM images 134471, Philippians 4 to Colossians 1; 134835, Colossians 4 to 1 Thessalonians 1)", "url": "https://manuscripts.csntm.org/manuscript/View/GA_P46", "publicDomain": false, "quote": "", "role": "catalogue-record" }, "witness": "Papyrus 46 (Gregory-Aland P46)", "date": "Karibu 200 BK (inajadiliwa)", "note": "Katika kodeksi hii ya barua za Paulo, Wafilipi inaendelea moja kwa moja hadi Wakolosai na Wakolosai hadi 1 Wathesalonike. CSNTM huiweka karibu 200. Tarehe nyingi za uchunguzi wa mwandiko ziko kati ya karibu 175 na 250; pendekezo la karne ya kwanza limepata uungwaji mkono mdogo." } ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/sw/explore/evidence#reception-colossians" }, { "letterId": "1-thessalonians", "summary": "Irenaeus, akiandika karibu 180–189, ndiye mwandishi wa kanisa wa kwanza zaidi anayeweza kuwekewa tarehe kwa uhakika na anayeitaja 1 Wathesalonike, akinukuu sala yake kwa roho, nafsi na mwili. Jibu la baadaye la Tertullian linaonyesha kwamba mkusanyo wa Paulo wa Marcion wa miaka ya 140 tayari ulikuwa nayo. Ignatius na Polycarp wanatoa mwangwi unaowezekana tu. Clement wa Aleksandria anainukuu wazi. Papyrus 46, karibu 200, inahifadhi sehemu za sura 1–2.", "witnesses": [ { "dateFrom": 105, "dateTo": 140, "grade": "possible-echo", "locator": "To the Ephesians 10.1; cf. To the Romans 2.1", "source": { "sourceKey": "ignatius-lightfoot", "author": "Ignatius of Antioch", "work": "Epistle to the Ephesians", "translator": "J. B. Lightfoot", "year": "1891", "locator": "Ign. Eph. 10.1", "url": "https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/ignatius-ephesians-lightfoot.html", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "And pray ye also without ceasing for the rest of mankind (for there is in them a hope of repentance), that they may find God.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Ignatius wa Antiokia", "date": "Karibu 110 (baadhi wanahoji karibu 140)", "note": "Anawaambia Waefeso wawaombee wa nje bila kukoma, amri ya 1 Wathesalonike 5:17; katika To the Romans 2.1 anatofautisha kuwapendeza watu na kumpendeza Mungu, kama 1 Wathesalonike 2:4 inavyofanya. Lugha inayofanana katika Warumi 1:9 na Wagalatia 1:10 inamaanisha utegemezi unawezekana, haujaonyeshwa." }, { "dateFrom": 110, "dateTo": 140, "grade": "possible-echo", "locator": "To the Philippians 11.1", "source": { "sourceKey": "polycarp-philippians-lightfoot", "author": "Polycarp of Smyrna", "work": "Epistle to the Philippians", "translator": "J. B. Lightfoot", "year": "1891", "locator": "Pol. Phil. 11.1", "url": "https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/polycarp-lightfoot.html", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "I warn you therefore that ye refrain from covetousness, and that ye be pure and truthful. Refrain from all evil.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Polycarp wa Smirna", "date": "Karibu 110–140", "note": "Lightfoot hutafsiri mstari kama kujiepusha na uovu wote; toleo la ANF linatumia maneno ya 1 Wathesalonike 5:22. Sura imehifadhiwa kwa Kilatini pekee na kanuni ni mafundisho ya kawaida ya maadili, hivyo hauzidi kuwa mwangwi unaowezekana; 11.2 inataja 1 Wakorintho kama ya Paulo." }, { "dateFrom": 140, "dateTo": 150, "grade": "canon-list", "locator": "Tertullian, Against Marcion 5.15 (on 1 Thessalonians 2:15)", "source": { "sourceKey": "tertullian-against-marcion-anf", "author": "Tertullian", "work": "Against Marcion, Book V (Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 3)", "translator": "Peter Holmes", "year": "1885", "locator": "Adv. Marc. 5.15 (on 1 Thessalonians 2:15)", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/03125.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "although (the pronoun) their own be an addition of the heretics.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Apostolikon ya Marcion (imeripotiwa na Tertullian)", "date": "Karibu 140–150 (imeripotiwa karibu 207–212)", "note": "Tertullian anajibu toleo la Paulo la Marcion barua kwa barua na kushtaki wazushi kwa kuongeza maneno yanayobainisha watu wao wenyewe katika 1 Wathesalonike 2:15, hivyo Apostolikon ya Marcion ilikuwa na barua hii. Ushahidi ni wa kupitia mwingine: maandishi ya Marcion yamehifadhiwa katika taarifa pinzani pekee, hapa zilizoandikwa karibu 207–212." }, { "dateFrom": 180, "dateTo": 189, "grade": "named-explicitly", "locator": "Against Heresies 5.6.1", "source": { "sourceKey": "irenaeus-against-heresies-anf", "author": "Irenaeus of Lyons", "work": "Against Heresies, Book V (Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 1)", "translator": "Alexander Roberts and William Rambaut", "year": "1885", "locator": "Adv. Haer. 5.6.1", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103506.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "And for this cause does the apostle, explaining himself, make it clear that the saved man is a complete man as well as a spiritual man; saying thus in the first Epistle to the Thessalonians", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Irenaeus wa Lyons", "date": "Karibu 180–189", "note": "Anaitaja barua ya kwanza kwa Wathesalonike na kunukuu 1 Wathesalonike 5:23 kama maneno ya mtume, akihoji kwamba wokovu unajumuisha mwili. Anaitaja ya pili katika Against Heresies 3.7.2. Kutajwa wazi kwa kwanza zaidi na mwandishi wa kanisa anayeweza kuwekewa tarehe kwa uhakika." }, { "dateFrom": 170, "dateTo": 400, "grade": "canon-list", "locator": "Muratorian Fragment §3 (ANF numbering)", "source": { "sourceKey": "muratorian-fragment-anf", "author": "Anonymous", "work": "Muratorian Fragment (Canon Muratorianus)", "translator": "S. D. F. Salmond", "year": "1886", "locator": "§3 in ANF numbering (Paul's letters)", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0510.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "the fifth to the Galatians, the sixth to the Thessalonians, the seventh to the Romans. Moreover, though he writes twice to the Corinthians and Thessalonians for their correction", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Muratorian Fragment", "date": "Karibu 170–200, au karne ya 4 (inajadiliwa)", "note": "Inaorodhesha Wathesalonike ya sita kati ya barua za Paulo kwa makanisa saba na kusema aliwaandikia Wakorintho na Wathesalonike mara mbili. Kwa kawaida huwekewa tarehe ya karibu 170–200 na mahali Rumi; baadhi, hasa Hahneman (1992), wanahoji karne ya nne." }, { "dateFrom": 175, "dateTo": 250, "grade": "manuscript", "locator": "GA P46, folio 94 (Dublin, Chester Beatty Library, CBL BP II)", "source": { "sourceKey": "csntm", "author": "Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts", "work": "Manuscript record: GA P46 (Chester Beatty Biblical Papyrus II)", "locator": "GA P46, images P46_094a and P46_094b (Dublin, Chester Beatty Library, CBL BP II; 2nd-3rd century)", "url": "https://manuscripts.csntm.org/manuscript/View/GA_P46", "publicDomain": false, "quote": "", "role": "catalogue-record" }, "witness": "Papyrus 46 (GA P46)", "date": "Karibu 200 (karne ya 2–3)", "note": "Picha za CSNTM za folio 94 zinaonyesha Wakolosai 4:16–18 ikifuatiwa na 1 Wathesalonike 1:1 na 1:9–2:3. CSNTM huiweka kodeksi karibu 200, Chester Beatty Library karne ya tatu; tarehe ya karne ya kwanza iliyopendekezwa imepata uungwaji mkono mdogo." }, { "dateFrom": 195, "dateTo": 210, "grade": "clear-quotation", "locator": "Stromata 4.12", "source": { "sourceKey": "clement-alexandria-stromata-anf", "author": "Clement of Alexandria", "work": "Stromata, Book IV (Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 2)", "translator": "William Wilson", "year": "1885", "locator": "Strom. 4.12 (against Basilides)", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/02104.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "Providence being a disciplinary art; in the case of others for each individual's sins, and in the case of the Lord and His apostles for ours. To this point says the divine apostle", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Clement wa Aleksandria", "date": "Karibu 200", "note": "Ananukuu 1 Wathesalonike 4:3–8 kwa kirefu kama kauli ya mtume wa kimungu akimjibu Basilides; kwingine katika Stromata (1.11, 6.13) anataja 1 Wathesalonike 5:21 na 4:17 kama ya mtume. Matumizi ya wazi yenye mamlaka, ingawa vifungu hivi havitaji barua." }, { "dateFrom": 207, "dateTo": 212, "grade": "clear-quotation", "locator": "Against Marcion 5.15 (on 1 Thessalonians 5:23)", "source": { "sourceKey": "tertullian-against-marcion-anf", "author": "Tertullian", "work": "Against Marcion, Book V (Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 3)", "translator": "Peter Holmes", "year": "1885", "locator": "Adv. Marc. 5.15 (on 1 Thessalonians 5:23)", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/03125.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "how is it that the apostle has given certain distinct names to all (our faculties), and has comprised them all in one prayer for their safety", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Tertullian", "date": "Karibu 207–212", "note": "Anapitia barua dhidi ya Marcion, akinukuu au kufafanua 1 Wathesalonike 2:15, 4:3–5, 4:15–17, 5:19–20 na 5:23; kama Irenaeus anatumia sala ya roho, nafsi na mwili kutetea wokovu wa mwili. Kifungu hakitaji barua." } ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/sw/explore/evidence#reception-1-thessalonians" }, { "letterId": "2-thessalonians", "summary": "Inaelekea Polycarp (karibu 110–140) alitumia 2 Wathesalonike, akikumbuka kujisifu kwake kuhusu Wathesalonike akiwaandikia Filipi, na toleo la Marcion la katikati ya karne ya pili liliijumuisha. Irenaeus (karibu 180) ndiye mwandishi wa kwanza zaidi aliyebaki kuitaja; orodha ya Muratorian inaihesabu. Ignatius anatoa mwangwi unaowezekana tu. P30, mafunjo ya karne ya tatu, ni miongoni mwa nakala zake za zamani zaidi. Matumizi ya awali hayaamui uandishi.", "witnesses": [ { "dateFrom": 105, "dateTo": 150, "grade": "possible-echo", "locator": "Ign. Rom. 10.3", "source": { "sourceKey": "ignatius-lightfoot", "author": "Ignatius of Antioch", "work": "Epistle to the Romans", "translator": "J. B. Lightfoot and J. R. Harmer", "year": "1891", "locator": "Ign. Rom. 10.3", "url": "https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/ignatius-romans-lightfoot.html", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "Fare ye well unto the end in the patient waiting for Jesus Christ.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Ignatius wa Antiokia, To the Romans", "date": "Karibu 105–117 (baadhi wanahoji miaka ya 140)", "note": "Kiyunani cha Ignatius kinazungumzia kihalisi uvumilivu wa Yesu Kristo, karibu na maneno ya 2 Wathesalonike 3:5. Ufunuo 1:9 inatumia lugha inayofanana, hivyo huenda huu ni usemi unaoshirikiwa. Kamati ya Oxford ya 1905 iliuweka daraja d, usio na uhakika wa kutosha kuutegemea." }, { "dateFrom": 110, "dateTo": 140, "grade": "probable-allusion", "locator": "Pol. Phil. 11.3", "source": { "sourceKey": "polycarp-philippians-lightfoot", "author": "Polycarp of Smyrna", "work": "Epistle to the Philippians", "translator": "J. B. Lightfoot", "year": "1891", "locator": "Pol. Phil. 11.3", "url": "https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/polycarp-lightfoot.html", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "among whom the blessed Paul labored, who were his letters in the beginning. For he boasteth of you in all those churches which alone at that time knew God", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Polycarp wa Smirna, To the Philippians", "date": "Karibu 110–140", "note": "Akiandikia Filipi, Polycarp anasema Paulo anajisifu kuhusu wasomaji wake katika makanisa yote. Maneno ya karibu zaidi ni 2 Wathesalonike 1:4, yaliyoandikwa kwa kanisa jingine la Makedonia; huenda alikumbuka vibaya, au alipanua sifa za Paulo kwa Filipi. Kilatini pekee. Kamati ya Oxford ya 1905 iliona matumizi yana uwezekano mkubwa sana." }, { "dateFrom": 110, "dateTo": 140, "grade": "possible-echo", "locator": "Pol. Phil. 11.4", "source": { "sourceKey": "polycarp-philippians-lightfoot", "author": "Polycarp of Smyrna", "work": "Epistle to the Philippians", "translator": "J. B. Lightfoot", "year": "1891", "locator": "Pol. Phil. 11.4", "url": "https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/polycarp-lightfoot.html", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "Be ye therefore yourselves also sober herein, and hold not such as enemies but restore them as frail and erring members, that ye may save the whole body of you.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Polycarp wa Smirna, To the Philippians", "date": "Karibu 110–140", "note": "Polycarp anawahimiza Wafilipi wasimchukulie mzee wa zamani Valens na mkewe kama maadui, karibu na 2 Wathesalonike 3:15, bali wawarejeshe, karibu zaidi na Wagalatia 6:1. Desturi ya kawaida ya kanisa ingeweza kueleza hilo. Kamati ya Oxford ya 1905 iliipa daraja la chini zaidi (c). Kilatini pekee." }, { "dateFrom": 138, "dateTo": 161, "grade": "canon-list", "locator": "Adv. Marc. 5.16", "source": { "sourceKey": "tertullian-against-marcion-anf", "author": "Tertullian", "work": "Against Marcion", "translator": "Peter Holmes", "year": "1885", "locator": "Adv. Marc. 5.16", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/03125.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "The heretic, however, has erased the flaming fire, no doubt that he might extinguish all traces herein of our own God.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Apostolikon ya Marcion, imeripotiwa na Tertullian", "date": "Karibu 138–161 (Marcion, kwa mujibu wa Tertullian); imeripotiwa karibu 207 au baadaye", "note": "Tertullian anamshtaki Marcion kwa kufuta moto wa hukumu katika 2 Wathesalonike 1:7–8, hivyo barua ilikuwa katika Apostolikon ya Marcion ya barua kumi; Tertullian anaijadili mara tu baada ya 1 Wathesalonike. Taarifa ni pinzani na inatoka karibu 207 au baadaye." }, { "dateFrom": 170, "dateTo": 400, "grade": "canon-list", "locator": "Canon Muratorianus 3 (ANF 5 numbering)", "source": { "sourceKey": "muratorian-fragment-anf", "work": "Muratorian Fragment (Canon Muratorianus)", "translator": "S. D. F. Salmond", "year": "1886", "locator": "Canon Muratorianus 3 (ANF 5 numbering)", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0510.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "Moreover, though he writes twice to the Corinthians and Thessalonians for their correction, it is yet shown — i.e., by this sevenfold writing — that there is one Church spread abroad through the whole world.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Muratorian Fragment", "date": "Karibu 170–200 (wachache: karne ya 4)", "note": "Baada ya kutaja makanisa saba ambayo Paulo aliyaandikia, inaongeza kwamba aliwaandikia Wakorintho na Wathesalonike mara mbili, hivyo inahesabu barua mbili za Wathesalonike. Kauli yake kwamba Hermas aliandika hivi karibuni sana inaunga mkono karibu 170–200; Sundberg (1973) na Hahneman (1992) wanahoji karne ya nne." }, { "dateFrom": 176, "dateTo": 189, "grade": "named-explicitly", "locator": "Haer. 3.7.2", "source": { "sourceKey": "irenaeus-against-heresies-anf", "author": "Irenaeus of Lyons", "work": "Against Heresies", "translator": "Alexander Roberts and William Rambaut", "year": "1885", "locator": "Haer. 3.7.2", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103307.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "And again, in the Second to the Thessalonians, speaking of Antichrist, he says,", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Irenaeus wa Lyons, Against Heresies", "date": "Karibu 180", "note": "Irenaeus anaitaja ya pili kwa Wathesalonike na kunukuu 2 Wathesalonike 2:8–9 kama ya Paulo akijadili mpangilio wake wa maneno; Haer. 5.25.1 na 5.25.3 zinaitaja tena kuhusu Mpinga Kristo. Huku ndiko kutajwa kwa kwanza zaidi kulikohifadhiwa na mwandishi anayejulikana." }, { "dateFrom": 190, "dateTo": 215, "grade": "clear-quotation", "locator": "Strom. 5.3", "source": { "sourceKey": "clement-alexandria-stromata-anf", "author": "Clement of Alexandria", "work": "Stromata, Book V (Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 2)", "translator": "William Wilson", "year": "1885", "locator": "Strom. 5.3", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/02105.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "The mob, then, said I, cannot become philosopher. Many rod-bearers there are, but few Bacchi, according to Plato.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Clement wa Aleksandria, Stromata", "date": "Karibu 200", "note": "Clement ananukuu 2 Wathesalonike 3:1–2 kwa karibu mara tu baada ya kutaja 1 Wakorintho 8:7 kama kauli ya mtume, katika mnyororo wa vifungu kuhusu uchache wa wenye imani. Hataji barua hapa." }, { "dateFrom": 200, "dateTo": 399, "grade": "manuscript", "locator": "GA P30; P. Oxy. XIII 1598; Ghent University Library Inv. 61", "source": { "sourceKey": "csntm", "author": "Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts", "work": "CSNTM manuscript record: P30", "locator": "GA P30", "url": "https://manuscripts.csntm.org/manuscript/View/GA_P30", "publicDomain": false, "quote": "", "role": "catalogue-record" }, "witness": "Papyrus 30 (P. Oxy. 1598)", "date": "Karne ya 3 (wahariri wa kwanza: mwishoni mwa karne ya 3 au ya 4)", "note": "Kodeksi ya mafunjo ya Oxyrhynchus, sasa Ghent. Wahariri wake wa kwanza walisoma 1 Wathesalonike 4:12 hadi 2 Wathesalonike 1:2 ikiwa na mapengo, hivyo 2 Wathesalonike ilifuata 1 Wathesalonike; nambari za kurasa 207–208 zinaashiria mkusanyo wa Paulo. Waliiweka mwishoni mwa karne ya tatu au ya nne, huenda mwishoni mwa ya tatu." } ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/sw/explore/evidence#reception-2-thessalonians" }, { "letterId": "1-timothy", "summary": "Matumizi ya wazi ya 1 Timotheo yanayotaja chanzo yanaonekana kuanzia karibu 180 BK katika Irenaeus, kisha Clement wa Aleksandria, Tertullian na orodha ya Muratorian (ikiwa ya karne ya pili). Inaelekea Polycarp (karibu 110–140) anaitumia; 1 Clement na Ignatius wanatoa mwangwi unaowezekana tu. Tertullian anasema toleo la Marcion la katikati ya karne ya pili halikuwa nayo. Nakala ya kwanza zaidi inayojulikana ni P133, kipande cha mafunjo cha karne ya tatu.", "witnesses": [ { "dateFrom": 70, "dateTo": 140, "grade": "possible-echo", "locator": "1 Clement 61.2", "source": { "sourceKey": "first-clement-lightfoot", "author": "Clement of Rome (traditional attribution)", "work": "1 Clement", "translator": "J. B. Lightfoot", "year": "1891", "locator": "1 Clem. 61.2", "url": "https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/1clement-lightfoot.html", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "For Thou, O heavenly Master, King of the ages, givest to the sons of men glory and honor and power over all things that are upon the earth.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "1 Clement (barua ya kanisa la Rumi kwa Korintho)", "date": "Kwa kawaida karibu 95–97 BK (mapendekezo yanaanzia karibu 70 hadi karibu 140)", "note": "Sala kwa watawala inamwita Mungu Mfalme wa nyakati, cheo cha Kiyunani katika 1 Timotheo 1:17, karibu na mada za 1 Timotheo 2:1–3. Lugha hiyo ilikuwa ya kimapokeo katika sala ya Kiyahudi, na wengi huweka 1 Timotheo baada ya 1 Clement, hivyo utegemezi hauwezi kuonyeshwa." }, { "dateFrom": 105, "dateTo": 150, "grade": "possible-echo", "locator": "Ignatius, To Polycarp 3.1", "source": { "sourceKey": "ignatius-lightfoot", "author": "Ignatius of Antioch", "work": "Epistle to Polycarp", "translator": "J. B. Lightfoot", "year": "1891", "locator": "Pol. 3.1", "url": "https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/ignatius-polycarp-lightfoot.html", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "Let not those that seem to be plausible and yet teach strange doctrine dismay thee.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Ignatius wa Antiokia, Letter to Polycarp", "date": "Kwa kawaida karibu 105–117 BK; baadhi wanahoji miaka ya 140", "note": "Anaonya dhidi ya wanaofundisha fundisho geni, kitenzi kimoja adimu cha Kiyunani kinachopatikana katika Agano Jipya katika 1 Timotheo 1:3 na 6:3 pekee; Magnesians 8.1 inaongeza ngano za kale zilizopitwa na wakati. Msamiati unaoshirikiwa wa kupinga uzushi ungeweza kueleza haya bila utegemezi wa kifasihi." }, { "dateFrom": 110, "dateTo": 140, "grade": "probable-allusion", "locator": "Polycarp, Philippians 4.1", "source": { "sourceKey": "polycarp-philippians-lightfoot", "author": "Polycarp of Smyrna", "work": "Letter to the Philippians", "translator": "J. B. Lightfoot", "year": "1891", "locator": "Phil. 4.1", "url": "https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/polycarp-lightfoot.html", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "But the love of money is the beginning of all troubles. Knowing therefore that we brought nothing into the world neither can we carry anything out", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Polycarp wa Smirna, Letter to the Philippians", "date": "Karibu 110–140 BK", "note": "Misemo miwili kuhusu fedha inafuata 1 Timotheo 6:10 na 6:7 kwa mpangilio uliogeuzwa, wa pili ukitangulizwa kama fundisho linalojulikana. Wasomi wengi wanahitimisha utegemezi, ingawa misemo yote ilikuwa na mithali zinazofanana; von Campenhausen (1951) hata alipendekeza Polycarp aliandika Barua za Kichungaji." }, { "dateFrom": 170, "dateTo": 400, "grade": "canon-list", "locator": "Muratorian Fragment, on Philemon, Titus and Timothy", "source": { "sourceKey": "muratorian-fragment-anf", "author": "Anonymous (Muratorian Fragment)", "work": "Canon Muratorianus, in Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 5 (printed among the Fragments of Caius)", "translator": "S. D. F. Salmond", "year": "1886", "locator": "Canon Muratorianus 3, on Philemon, Titus and Timothy (ANF 5:603)", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0510.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "He wrote, besides these, one to Philemon, and one to Titus, and two to Timothy, in simple personal affection and love indeed; but yet these are hallowed in the esteem of the Catholic Church, and in the regulation of ecclesiastical discipline.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Muratorian Fragment (orodha ya Kilatini ya vitabu vya Agano Jipya)", "date": "Kwa kawaida karibu 170–200 BK; wachache wanahoji karne ya 4", "note": "Inahesabu barua mbili kwa Timotheo kati ya za Paulo: barua binafsi ambazo hata hivyo Kanisa la ulimwengu wote linaziheshimu kuwa takatifu na kuzitumia kwa utaratibu wa kanisa. Inaonyesha mapokezi, si uandishi, na imehifadhiwa hasa katika hati ya kale ya Kilatini ya karibu karne ya nane." }, { "dateFrom": 176, "dateTo": 189, "grade": "named-explicitly", "locator": "Against Heresies 1, preface 1 (also 2, preface 1; 3.3.3)", "source": { "sourceKey": "irenaeus-against-heresies-anf", "author": "Irenaeus of Lyons", "work": "Against Heresies", "translator": "Alexander Roberts and William Rambaut", "year": "1885", "locator": "AH 1, preface 1", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103100.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "Inasmuch as certain men have set the truth aside, and bring in lying words and vain genealogies, which, as the apostle says", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Irenaeus wa Lyons, Against Heresies", "date": "Karibu 180 BK", "note": "Inafungua kwa kunukuu 1 Timotheo 1:4 kama maneno ya mtume; inaita inachopinga maarifa yanayoitwa hivyo kwa uongo (1 Timotheo 6:20; utangulizi wa Kitabu cha 2); inasema Paulo anamtaja Linus katika Barua kwa Timotheo (3.3.3). Inaonyesha kuhusishwa na Paulo karibu 180, si uandishi." }, { "dateFrom": 195, "dateTo": 210, "grade": "named-explicitly", "locator": "Stromata 2.11", "source": { "sourceKey": "clement-alexandria-stromata-anf", "author": "Clement of Alexandria", "work": "Stromata, Book II (Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 2)", "translator": "William Wilson", "year": "1885", "locator": "Strom. 2.11", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/02102.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "Convicted by this utterance, the heretics reject the Epistles to Timothy.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Clement wa Aleksandria, Stromata (Miscellanies)", "date": "Karibu 195–210 BK", "note": "Anataja 1 Timotheo 6:20–21 kama maneno ya mtume kwa Timotheo, kisha anaripoti kwamba wazushi, walioonyeshwa kosa kwa kauli hiyo, wanazikataa Barua kwa Timotheo. Karibu 200 barua zilikubaliwa Aleksandria lakini zilipingwa na baadhi ya makundi ya wazushi." }, { "dateFrom": 200, "dateTo": 299, "grade": "manuscript", "locator": "Gregory-Aland P133", "source": { "sourceKey": "ntvmr-liste", "author": "Institut für Neutestamentliche Textforschung, Münster", "work": "Kurzgefasste Liste (NTVMR), P133", "locator": "Gregory-Aland P133 (INTF docID 10133)", "url": "https://ntvmr.uni-muenster.de/community/vmr/api/metadata/liste/search/?docID=10133&detail=page", "publicDomain": false, "quote": "", "role": "catalogue-record" }, "witness": "Papyrus 133 (P.Oxy. LXXXI 5259)", "date": "Karne ya 3 (tarehe kwa mwandiko)", "note": "Vipande vya karatasi moja ya mafunjo kutoka Oxyrhynchus vyenye sehemu za 1 Timotheo 3:13–4:8, vilivyochapishwa 2016: nakala ya kwanza zaidi inayojulikana. Karatasi zilizohifadhiwa za P46 (karibu 200) zinaishia kabla ya Barua za Kichungaji; maandishi kamili ya kwanza zaidi yako katika Codex Sinaiticus (karne ya 4)." }, { "dateFrom": 207, "dateTo": 212, "grade": "named-explicitly", "locator": "Against Marcion 5.21", "source": { "sourceKey": "tertullian-against-marcion-anf", "author": "Tertullian", "work": "Against Marcion (Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 3)", "translator": "Peter Holmes", "year": "1885", "locator": "5.21", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/03125.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "I wonder, however, when he received (into his Apostolicon) this letter which was written but to one man, that he rejected the two epistles to Timothy and the one to Titus, which all treat of ecclesiastical discipline.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Tertullian kuhusu toleo la Marcion la Paulo", "date": "Karibu 207–212 BK (akiripoti Marcion, aliyekuwa akifanya kazi karibu 138–161)", "note": "Anasema toleo la Marcion la katikati ya karne ya pili la Paulo lilihifadhi Filemoni lakini lilikataa barua zote mbili kwa Timotheo na Tito. Baadhi wanaona sababu katika kuidhinisha kwa 1 Timotheo ndoa, vyakula na Sheria (1 Timotheo 1:8; 4:3–4); wengine hufikiri Marcion hakuwahi kuwa nazo au ziliandikwa baada yake." } ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/sw/explore/evidence#reception-1-timothy" }, { "letterId": "2-timothy", "summary": "Irenaeus (karibu 180) ndiye mwandishi wa kwanza zaidi anayeweza kuwekewa tarehe kwa uhakika na anayenukuu 2 Timotheo kama ya Paulo, akitaja Barua kwa Timotheo; Clement wa Aleksandria, Tertullian na orodha ya Muratorian wanafuata. Inaelekea Polycarp anaidokeza mapema zaidi; Ignatius na 1 Clement wanatoa mwangwi unaowezekana tu. Toleo la Marcion halikuwa nayo. Codex Sinaiticus (karne ya nne) ndiyo hati ya kale ya kwanza zaidi; hakuna mafunjo ya awali zaidi yaliyohifadhiwa.", "witnesses": [ { "dateFrom": 90, "dateTo": 100, "grade": "possible-echo", "locator": "1 Clement 45:7", "source": { "sourceKey": "first-clement-lightfoot", "author": "Church of Rome (traditionally Clement of Rome)", "work": "First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians", "translator": "J. B. Lightfoot", "year": "1891", "locator": "1 Clement 45:7", "url": "https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/1clement-lightfoot.html", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "not knowing that the Most High is the champion and protector of them that in a pure conscience serve His excellent Name", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "1 Clement", "date": "Kwa kawaida tarehe ni karibu 95–97 BK", "note": "Clement anasema Mungu anawalinda wanaomtumikia kwa dhamiri safi, karibu na 2 Timotheo 1:3. Usemi ni mfupi na unarudi katika 1 Timotheo 3:9; wasomi wengi huweka 2 Timotheo baada ya 1 Clement, hivyo utegemezi kwa upande wowote haujathibitishwa." }, { "dateFrom": 105, "dateTo": 140, "grade": "possible-echo", "locator": "Ignatius, To the Smyrnaeans 10:2", "source": { "sourceKey": "ignatius-lightfoot", "author": "Ignatius of Antioch", "work": "Epistle to the Smyrnaeans", "translator": "J. B. Lightfoot", "year": "1891", "locator": "Ignatius, To the Smyrnaeans 10:2", "url": "https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/ignatius-smyrnaeans-lightfoot.html", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "My spirit is devoted for you, as also are my bonds, which ye despised not, neither were ashamed of them. Nor shall He, who is perfect faithfulness, be ashamed of you, even Jesus Christ.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Ignatius wa Antiokia, To the Smyrnaeans", "date": "Karibu 110 BK (baadhi wanahoji baadaye, hadi karibu 140)", "note": "Ignatius anawashukuru Wasmirna kwa kutoyaonea haya minyororo yake na kumwita Kristo uaminifu mkamilifu, ikifanana na 2 Timotheo 1:16 na 2:13; To Polycarp 6:2 inafanana na 2 Timotheo 2:4. Taswira zinazoshirikiwa za mfungwa na askari, na Luka 9:26, zinaweza kueleza kufanana." }, { "dateFrom": 110, "dateTo": 140, "grade": "probable-allusion", "locator": "Polycarp, To the Philippians 9:2", "source": { "sourceKey": "polycarp-philippians-lightfoot", "author": "Polycarp of Smyrna", "work": "Letter to the Philippians", "translator": "J. B. Lightfoot", "year": "1891", "locator": "Polycarp, To the Philippians 9:2", "url": "https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/polycarp-lightfoot.html", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "For they loved not the present world, but Him that died for our sakes and was raised by God for us.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Polycarp, To the Philippians", "date": "Karibu 110–140 BK", "note": "Polycarp anasema Ignatius, Paulo na wengine hawakuupenda ulimwengu wa sasa, akigeuza 2 Timotheo 4:10 kuhusu Dema; 5:2 kuhusu kutawala pamoja naye inafanana na 2 Timotheo 2:12. Maneno ni bainifu lakini mafupi. Von Campenhausen (1951) alihoji Polycarp mwenyewe aliandika Barua za Kichungaji; wachache wanakubali." }, { "dateFrom": 180, "dateTo": 189, "grade": "named-explicitly", "locator": "Against Heresies 3.3.3", "source": { "sourceKey": "irenaeus-against-heresies-anf", "author": "Irenaeus of Lyons", "work": "Against Heresies", "translator": "Alexander Roberts and William Rambaut", "year": "1885", "locator": "Against Heresies 3.3.3", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103303.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "The blessed apostles, then, having founded and built up the Church, committed into the hands of Linus the office of the episcopate. Of this Linus, Paul makes mention in the Epistles to Timothy.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Irenaeus, Against Heresies", "date": "Karibu 180–189 BK", "note": "Linus anapatikana katika Agano Jipya katika 2 Timotheo 4:21 pekee. Katika 3.14.1 Irenaeus ananukuu 2 Timotheo 4:10–11 kama maneno ya Paulo mwenyewe kuonyesha Luka alibaki naye. Anaitaja bila hoja ya kuitetea, kama barua iliyokubaliwa." }, { "dateFrom": 170, "dateTo": 375, "grade": "canon-list", "locator": "Muratorian Fragment, sec. 3 (ANF 5 numbering)", "source": { "sourceKey": "muratorian-fragment-anf", "author": "Anonymous", "work": "Muratorian Fragment (Canon Muratorianus)", "translator": "S. D. F. Salmond", "year": "1886", "locator": "Muratorian Fragment, sec. 3 (ANF 5 numbering)", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0510.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "He wrote, besides these, one to Philemon, and one to Titus, and two to Timothy, in simple personal affection and love indeed; but yet these are hallowed in the esteem of the Catholic Church, and in the regulation of ecclesiastical discipline.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Muratorian Fragment", "date": "Kwa kawaida karibu 170–200 BK; baadhi wanahoji karne ya nne", "note": "Inaorodhesha barua moja kwa Tito na mbili kwa Timotheo kati ya za Paulo, zenye asili binafsi lakini zinazoheshimiwa kwa utaratibu wa kanisa. Kwa kawaida huwekwa Rumi karibu 170–200; Sundberg na Hahneman walihoji tarehe ya karne ya nne, ambayo ingeifanya shahidi wa baadaye." }, { "dateFrom": 195, "dateTo": 210, "grade": "named-explicitly", "locator": "Stromata 2.11", "source": { "sourceKey": "clement-alexandria-stromata-anf", "author": "Clement of Alexandria", "work": "Stromata, Book II (Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 2)", "translator": "William Wilson", "year": "1885", "locator": "Stromata 2.11", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/02102.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "Convicted by this utterance, the heretics reject the Epistles to Timothy.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Clement wa Aleksandria, Stromata", "date": "Karibu 200 BK", "note": "Baada ya kunukuu 1 Timotheo 6:20, Clement anasema wazushi wanazikataa Barua kwa Timotheo. Ananukuu 2 Timotheo 2:1–2 kama ya Paulo (Stromata 1.1) na 2 Timotheo 1:7–8 kama iliyoandikwa kwa Timotheo (4.7). Hawataji wazushi kwa majina." }, { "dateFrom": 207, "dateTo": 212, "grade": "named-explicitly", "locator": "Against Marcion 5.21", "source": { "sourceKey": "tertullian-against-marcion-anf", "author": "Tertullian", "work": "Against Marcion (Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 3)", "translator": "Peter Holmes", "year": "1885", "locator": "Against Marcion 5.21", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/03125.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "I wonder, however, when he received (into his Apostolicon) this letter which was written but to one man, that he rejected the two epistles to Timothy and the one to Titus, which all treat of ecclesiastical discipline.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Tertullian, Against Marcion (kuhusu Apostolikon ya Marcion)", "date": "Karibu 207–212 BK, akiripoti toleo la Marcion la miaka ya 140", "note": "Apostolikon ya Marcion ya barua kumi (karibu miaka ya 140) haikuwa na barua zote mbili kwa Timotheo na Tito. Tertullian anasema Marcion alizikataa; wengine hufikiri hakuzijua, au zilikuwa bado hazijaandikwa. Tertullian mwenyewe anataja 2 Timotheo 1:14 kama ya Paulo (Prescription 25)." }, { "dateFrom": 300, "dateTo": 399, "grade": "manuscript", "locator": "Gregory-Aland 01, British Library folio 295b", "source": { "sourceKey": "museum-record", "author": "Codex Sinaiticus Project", "work": "Codex Sinaiticus: See the Manuscript (2 Timothy 1:1)", "locator": "Folio 295b (quire 86, folio 3v): 1 Timothy 6:9-21 and 2 Timothy 1:1-15, scribe A", "url": "https://codexsinaiticus.org/en/manuscript.aspx?book=48&chapter=1&lid=en&side=r&verse=1&zoomSlider=0", "publicDomain": false, "quote": "", "role": "catalogue-record" }, "witness": "Codex Sinaiticus (Gregory-Aland 01)", "date": "Karne ya nne", "note": "Hati ya kale ya kwanza zaidi inayojulikana ya 2 Timotheo, inayoanza kwenye folio 295b ya British Library. Hakuna mafunjo ya awali zaidi yaliyohifadhiwa. P46 (mapema karne ya tatu) haina Barua za Kichungaji katika karatasi zake zilizobaki; kama karatasi zilizopotea zilikuwa nazo kunajadiliwa. Vaticanus inaishia Waebrania 9:14." } ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/sw/explore/evidence#reception-2-timothy" }, { "letterId": "titus", "summary": "Tito inashuhudiwa kwa uhakika kuanzia karibu 180 BK: Irenaeus anainukuu kama ya Paulo, Clement wa Aleksandria anaitaja, na orodha ya Muratorian inaijumuisha, ikiwa orodha ni ya karne ya pili. Uhusiano wa mapema katika 1 Clement, Ignatius na Polycarp ni mwangwi unaowezekana tu. Tertullian anaripoti mkusanyo wa Marcion (miaka ya 140) haukuwa nayo; hati yake ya kale ya kwanza zaidi, P32, imewekewa tarehe ya karibu 200–300 BK kwa mwandiko.", "witnesses": [ { "dateFrom": 90, "dateTo": 100, "grade": "possible-echo", "locator": "1 Clement 1.3; 2.7", "source": { "sourceKey": "first-clement-lightfoot", "author": "Clement of Rome", "work": "First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians", "translator": "J. B. Lightfoot", "year": "1891", "locator": "1 Clement 2.7", "url": "https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/1clement-lightfoot.html", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "Ye repented not of any well-doing, but were ready unto every good work.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "1 Clement (Clement wa Rumi)", "date": "Karibu 96 BK (wengi huiweka 90–100)", "note": "Usemi wake wa kuwa tayari kwa kila kazi njema (2.7) unalingana na Tito 3:1; 1.3 inazungumzia makundi ya Tito 2: wanaume wazee, vijana, wake wanaowapenda waume na kusimamia nyumba. Lakini 2 Timotheo 2:21 inafanana, na mafundisho ya nyumbani yalikuwa ya kawaida, hivyo mapokeo yanayoshirikiwa yanaweza kueleza zote." }, { "dateFrom": 105, "dateTo": 117, "grade": "possible-echo", "locator": "Magnesians 8.1", "source": { "sourceKey": "ignatius-lightfoot", "author": "Ignatius of Antioch", "work": "Epistle to the Magnesians", "translator": "J. B. Lightfoot", "year": "1891", "locator": "Magnesians 8.1", "url": "https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/ignatius-magnesians-lightfoot.html", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "Be not seduced by strange doctrines nor by antiquated fables, which are profitless. For if even unto this day we live after the manner of Judaism, we avow that we have not received grace", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Ignatius wa Antiokia, To the Magnesians", "date": "Karibu 105–117 BK (baadhi huiweka baadaye)", "note": "Anaonya dhidi ya ngano za kale zisizo na faida zinazohusishwa na kuishi kwa Uyahudi, akikumbusha Tito 1:14 na 3:9. Lakini ngano pia zipo katika 1 Timotheo, mafundisho mageni katika Waebrania 13:9, na mabishano dhidi ya kufuata Uyahudi yalienea; hakuna kilicho bainifu vya kutosha kuthibitisha matumizi." }, { "dateFrom": 110, "dateTo": 140, "grade": "possible-echo", "locator": "Philippians 4.1-2", "source": { "sourceKey": "polycarp-philippians-lightfoot", "author": "Polycarp", "work": "Epistle to the Philippians", "translator": "J. B. Lightfoot", "year": "1891", "locator": "Philippians 4.2", "url": "https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/polycarp-lightfoot.html", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "and then our wives also, to walk in the faith that hath been given unto them and in love and purity, cherishing their own husbands in all truth and loving all men equally in all chastity, and to train their children in the training of the fear of God.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Polycarp wa Smirna, To the Philippians", "date": "Karibu 110–140 BK", "note": "Inaelekea anatumia 1 Timotheo (4.1). Agizo lake kwa wake (4.2) linafanana na Tito 2:4–5 lakini linarudia wazo la 1 Clement 1.3 la kuwapenda waume wao wenyewe, hivyo kutegemea Clement au mafundisho ya pamoja kunaelekea zaidi. Campenhausen (1951) hata alipendekeza Polycarp aliandika Barua za Kichungaji; wachache wanamfuata." }, { "dateFrom": 175, "dateTo": 189, "grade": "named-explicitly", "locator": "Against Heresies 3.3.4; 1.16.3", "source": { "sourceKey": "irenaeus-against-heresies-anf", "author": "Irenaeus", "work": "Against Heresies", "translator": "A. Roberts and W. H. Rambaut", "year": "1885", "locator": "Against Heresies 3.3.4", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103303.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "Such was the horror which the apostles and their disciples had against holding even verbal communication with any corrupters of the truth; as Paul also says, A man that is an heretic, after the first and second admonition, reject;", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Irenaeus wa Lyon, Against Heresies", "date": "Karibu 180 BK (Kitabu cha 3 kiliandikwa chini ya Askofu Eleutherius)", "note": "Ananukuu Tito 3:10–11 kama maneno ya Paulo mara tu baada ya habari ya Polycarp kumkataa Marcion; 1.16.3 tena inataja amri ya Paulo ya kuwaepuka wazushi baada ya maonyo mawili. Kati ya mahusisho ya kwanza na Paulo yanayoweza kuwekewa tarehe, inaonyesha mapokezi, si aliyeiandika barua." }, { "dateFrom": 170, "dateTo": 375, "grade": "canon-list", "locator": "Muratorian fragment, on Paul's letters", "source": { "sourceKey": "muratorian-fragment-anf", "work": "Muratorian Fragment (Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 5)", "translator": "S. D. F. Salmond", "year": "1886", "locator": "Muratorian fragment §3 (ANF numbering)", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0510.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "He wrote, besides these, one to Philemon, and one to Titus, and two to Timothy, in simple personal affection and love indeed; but yet these are hallowed in the esteem of the Catholic Church, and in the regulation of ecclesiastical discipline.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Muratorian fragment", "date": "Mwishoni mwa karne ya 2, au karne ya 4 (inajadiliwa)", "note": "Inaorodhesha Tito pamoja na Filemoni na 1 Timotheo–2 Timotheo kama barua binafsi zinazoheshimiwa kwa nidhamu ya kanisa. Nakala ya Kilatini ni ya karne ya 7–8; wengi huiweka asili mwishoni mwa karne ya pili, lakini Sundberg (1973) na Hahneman (1992) wanahoji ya nne." }, { "dateFrom": 193, "dateTo": 210, "grade": "named-explicitly", "locator": "Stromata 1.14; 1.8", "source": { "sourceKey": "clement-alexandria-stromata-anf", "author": "Clement of Alexandria", "work": "Stromata", "translator": "W. Wilson", "year": "1885", "locator": "Stromata 1.14", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/02101.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "Epimenides the Cretan, whom Paul knew as a Greek prophet, whom he mentions in the Epistle to Titus, where he speaks thus: One of themselves, a prophet of their own, said, The Cretans are always liars, evil beasts, slow bellies.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Clement wa Aleksandria, Stromata", "date": "Karibu 198–203 BK (baada ya 192 BK)", "note": "Anaitaja Barua kwa Tito na kunukuu Tito 1:12–13 kama Paulo akimnukuu nabii wa Krete Epimenides; Stromata 1.8 pia inataja Tito 1:10. Iliandikwa baada ya kifo cha Commodus katika 192, ambako mpangilio wa matukio wa Kitabu cha 1 unaishia." }, { "dateFrom": 207, "dateTo": 212, "grade": "named-explicitly", "locator": "Against Marcion 5.21", "source": { "sourceKey": "tertullian-against-marcion-anf", "author": "Tertullian", "work": "Against Marcion", "translator": "P. Holmes", "year": "1885", "locator": "Against Marcion 5.21", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/03125.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "I wonder, however, when he received (into his Apostolicon) this letter which was written but to one man, that he rejected the two epistles to Timothy and the one to Titus, which all treat of ecclesiastical discipline.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Tertullian kuhusu Apostolikon ya Marcion", "date": "Karibu 207–212 BK, akiripoti mkusanyo wa Marcion wa miaka ya 140", "note": "Anaripoti kwamba Apostolikon ya Marcion (karibu miaka ya 140) iliacha 1 Timotheo–2 Timotheo na Tito, na kusema alizikataa. Wengine wanahoji Marcion hakuzijua Barua za Kichungaji kamwe, au ziliandikwa baadaye, baadhi wakifikiri kwa sehemu dhidi yake; Tertullian mwenyewe anaichukulia Tito kuwa ya Paulo." }, { "dateFrom": 200, "dateTo": 299, "grade": "manuscript", "locator": "Gregory-Aland P32; P.Ryl. 5 (Manchester, John Rylands Library, Gr. P. 5)", "source": { "sourceKey": "csntm", "author": "Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts", "work": "Manuscript P32 (CSNTM digital manuscript collection)", "locator": "GA P32 (Manchester, John Rylands University Library, Gr. P. 5)", "url": "https://manuscripts.csntm.org/Manuscript/Group/GA_P32", "publicDomain": false, "quote": "", "role": "catalogue-record" }, "witness": "Papyrus 32 (P32)", "date": "Karibu 200 BK au baadaye katika karne ya 3 (kwa mwandiko)", "note": "Inahifadhi Tito 1:11–15 na 2:3–8 kutoka karatasi ya kodeksi, iliyowekewa tarehe kwa mwandiko pekee: karne ya tatu (Hunt 1911), karibu 200 (CSNTM). Gathergood (2013) anahoji angalau maandishi moja yalitangulia Tito katika kodeksi. Karatasi zilizohifadhiwa za P46 hazina Barua za Kichungaji." } ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/sw/explore/evidence#reception-titus" }, { "letterId": "philemon", "summary": "Filemoni inashuhudiwa kwa uthabiti kwanza katika mkusanyo wa barua za Paulo wa Marcion (karibu 140–160), unaoripotiwa na Tertullian. Orodha ya Muratorian inaitaja kuwa ya Paulo; Tertullian anaichukulia hivyo. Huenda Ignatius anairudia kwa mbali. Hakuna nukuu ya wazi inayojulikana kutoka 1 Clement, Polycarp, Justin, Irenaeus au Clement wa Aleksandria, labda kwa kuwa ni fupi sana. Hati ya kale zaidi, P87, ni ya karne ya tatu.", "witnesses": [ { "dateFrom": 105, "dateTo": 150, "grade": "possible-echo", "locator": "Ign. Eph. 1.3; 2.1-2; 6.2", "source": { "sourceKey": "ignatius-lightfoot", "author": "Ignatius of Antioch", "work": "Epistle to the Ephesians", "translator": "J. B. Lightfoot and J. R. Harmer", "year": "1891", "locator": "Ign. Eph. 2.1-2", "url": "https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/ignatius-ephesians-lightfoot.html", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "even so may the Father of Jesus Christ refresh him -- together with Onesimus and Burrhus and Euplus and Fronto; in whom I saw you all with the eyes of love. May I have joy of you always, if so be I am worthy of it.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Ignatius wa Antiokia, To the Ephesians", "date": "Karibu 110; baadhi huiweka baadaye", "note": "Mara tu baada ya kumtaja askofu Onesimo, Ignatius anaandika tamanio la kupata furaha kutoka kwa wasomaji, kitenzi cha Filemoni 1:20, cha kipekee katika Agano Jipya. Lakini anarudia tamanio hilo kwingine, Onesimo lilikuwa jina la kawaida la watumwa, na hoja ya John Knox kwamba watu hao wawili ni mtu mmoja haijathibitishwa." }, { "dateFrom": 138, "dateTo": 161, "grade": "canon-list", "locator": "Tertullian, Adv. Marc. 5.21.1", "source": { "sourceKey": "tertullian-against-marcion-anf", "author": "Tertullian", "work": "Against Marcion", "translator": "Peter Holmes", "year": "1885", "locator": "Adv. Marc. 5.21.1 (Marcion's Apostolicon)", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/03125.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "I wonder, however, when he received (into his Apostolicon) this letter which was written but to one man, that he rejected the two epistles to Timothy and the one to Titus, which all treat of ecclesiastical discipline.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Apostolikon ya Marcion, kama ilivyoripotiwa na Tertullian", "date": "Karibu 140–160; imeripotiwa karibu 208", "note": "Ushahidi thabiti wa kwanza zaidi: mkusanyo wa Marcion wa barua kumi za Paulo ulijumuisha Filemoni. Taarifa inatoka kwa shahidi pinzani karibu miaka sitini baadaye; Epiphanius (karne ya nne) pia anaiorodhesha. Tertullian anasema ufupi wake uliiepusha na uhariri wa Marcion." }, { "dateFrom": 170, "dateTo": 400, "grade": "canon-list", "locator": "Muratorian Fragment, sec. 3 (ANF 5 numbering)", "source": { "sourceKey": "muratorian-fragment-anf", "author": "Anonymous (Muratorian Fragment)", "work": "Muratorian Fragment (Canon Muratorianus)", "translator": "S. D. F. Salmond", "year": "1886", "locator": "Muratorian Fragment, sec. 3 (ANF 5 numbering)", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0510.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "He wrote, besides these, one to Philemon, and one to Titus, and two to Timothy, in simple personal affection and love indeed; but yet these are hallowed in the esteem of the Catholic Church, and in the regulation of ecclesiastical discipline.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Muratorian Fragment", "date": "Karibu 170–200, au karne ya nne", "note": "Inaorodhesha Filemoni pamoja na Tito na 1 Timotheo na 2 Timotheo kama barua kwa watu binafsi zilizoandikwa kwa upendo binafsi, lakini zinazoheshimiwa na kanisa. Wengi huiweka karibu 170–200, inaelekea huko Rumi; A. C. Sundberg (1973) na G. M. Hahneman (1992) wanahoji tarehe ya karne ya nne." }, { "dateFrom": 200, "dateTo": 299, "grade": "manuscript", "locator": "Gregory-Aland P87; Köln, Institut für Altertumskunde, Inv. Nr. 12", "source": { "sourceKey": "csntm", "author": "Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts", "work": "CSNTM manuscript catalogue: GA P87", "locator": "GA P87 (3rd century; Köln, Institut für Altertumskunde, Inv. Nr. 12)", "url": "https://manuscripts.csntm.org/manuscript/View/GA_P87", "publicDomain": false, "quote": "", "role": "catalogue-record" }, "witness": "Papyrus 87 (Gregory-Aland P87)", "date": "Karne ya tatu", "note": "Nakala ya zamani zaidi iliyohifadhiwa: kipande cha karatasi moja ya kodeksi, chenye sehemu za Filemoni 1:13–15 upande mmoja na Filemoni 1:24–25 mwingine, kilichowekewa tarehe ya karne ya tatu kwa mwandiko. Karatasi zilizohifadhiwa za P46 hazina Filemoni; nakala kamili zinaanza na kodeksi za karne ya nne kama Sinaiticus." }, { "dateFrom": 207, "dateTo": 212, "grade": "named-explicitly", "locator": "Adv. Marc. 5.21.1", "source": { "sourceKey": "tertullian-against-marcion-anf", "author": "Tertullian", "work": "Against Marcion", "translator": "Peter Holmes", "year": "1885", "locator": "Adv. Marc. 5.21.1 (Philemon's brevity)", "url": "https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/03125.htm", "publicDomain": true, "quote": "To this epistle alone did its brevity avail to protect it against the falsifying hands of Marcion.", "role": "primary-text" }, "witness": "Tertullian, Against Marcion", "date": "Karibu 207–212", "note": "Katika sura yenye kichwa On the Epistle to Philemon katika matoleo ya kisasa, Tertullian anaichukulia kama barua ya Paulo kwa mtu mmoja lakini hanukuu mstari wowote. Irenaeus na Clement wa Aleksandria hawainukuu kamwe, hivyo yeye ndiye shahidi wake wa kwanza zaidi anayeweza kuwekewa tarehe kwa uhakika kutoka mkondo mkuu." } ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/sw/explore/evidence#reception-philemon" } ], "contentDigest": "4874606eabd374aec62203b22e2cb4fd78bba42032ff58e093b2c6a911de03eb" }