--- title: "Izay azon’ny porofo ivelany aseho" canonical: "https://paulineletters.com/mg/explore/articles/what-outside-evidence-can-show" published: "2026-10-23" updated: "2026-10-23" language: "mg" license: "https://paulineletters.com/mg/explore/license" source: "Taratasy nosoratan’i Paoly · Pauline Letters" --- # Izay azon’ny porofo ivelany aseho > Manome tontolo voarakitra mafy orina kokoa ho an’ny Asan’ny Apostoly sy ny taratasin’i Paoly ny porofo ivelany, nefa mifatotra hatrany amin’ny zavatra, andraikitra ary tatitra voafaritra ireo fehin-kevitra matanjaka indrindra azony omena. **Hatraiza no azon’ny soratra voasokitra sy ny mpahay tantara fahiny hanamarinana ny Asan’ny Apostoly sy ny taratasin’i Paoly?** Manaporofo fandrarana tena nisy ny fampitandremana tao amin’ny tempoly; manamarina andraikitra teo an-toerana ny soratra ara-panjakana; mitantara tranga mifampikasoka ny mpahay tantara fahiny sasany. Mila fanaporofoana fanampiny ny famantarana olona iray, ny famaritana ny datin’ny dian’i Paoly na ny fanekena fitantarana manontolo. Mahasoa ireo loharano rehefa mifatotra amin’ilay porofo manohana azy ny fehin-kevitra tsirairay. ## Fampitandremana teo amin’ny fefin’ny tempoly Manamora ny fahazoana ny fiampangana ao amin’ny Asan’ny Apostoly 21:28–29 ny soratra fampitandremana tao amin’ny tempoly izay mbola misy. Mandrara ny tsy Jiosy tsy hiampita ny fefy manodidina ny tokotany anatin’ny tempoly tao Jerosalema ny soratra grika roa, iray feno sy iray sombiny, ary mampitandrina fahafatesana ho an’izay mandika izany. Mamaritra ny fefy sy ny fampitandremana koa i Josefa. Ny fiampitana io sisintany io no fandikan-dalàna nolazaina fa natao, fa tsy ny fisian’ny jentilisa na aiza na aiza tao amin’ny faritry ny tempoly. Milaza ny Asan’ny Apostoly fa nahita an’i Trofimo niaraka tamin’i Paoly tao an-tanàna ireo mpiampanga azy ka nihevitra fa nampidiriny tao anatiny izy. Manamarina ny fitsipika tao ambadik’izany fiampangana izany ireo vato ary manampy manazava ny hamafin’izany. Tsy manonona azy roa lahy ireo vato ary tsy afaka mampiseho fa nitranga ilay fidirana nolazaina na ny fisamborana an’i Paoly. Na ny tena herin’ilay fandrahonana aza dia mbola iadian-kevitra: sazy avy amin’ny fitsarana, herisetra nileferana na sazy avy amin’Andriamanitra samy efa naroso. Manamafy ny fanontaniana ny porofo azo tsapain-tanana nefa tsy mamaly ny lafiny rehetra aminy. ## Andraikitra manana anaram-piasana marina eo an-toerana Any Tesalonika, politarchs no iantsoan’ny Asan’ny Apostoly 17:6 sy 17:8 ny mpitondra ny tanàna. Manamarina filan-kevitry ny manam-pahefana mitondra izany anaram-piasam-paritra izany ny soratra voasokitra. Mazava kokoa noho ny filazana mpitondra amin’ny ankapobeny io fifanarahana io. Manamarina ny voambolana ara-panjakana ampiasain’ny Asan’ny Apostoly hametrahana ny fotoam-pitsarana an’i Jasona izany, nefa mbola ny fitantarana ihany no iorenan’ilay korontana sy ny antoka notakiana taminy. Satria naharitra ela io andraikitra io, tsy ampy hamaritra ny datin’ny Asan’ny Apostoly na hanaporofo fa nanatri-maso ny mpanoratra ny anaram-piasana irery. Manome fifandraisana voafetra kokoa amin’ny fotoana ny soratra any Delfy momba an’i Galiona. Mamantatra azy ho prokonsily ny taratasin’i Klaodio voasokitra; ny famenoana teny ekena sy ny daty avy amin’ny anaram-boninahitry ny emperora dia mametraka ny fitondrany an’i Akaia tokony ho 51/52 taor. J.K., na mety ho 52/53. Mametraka an’i Paoly eo anatrehan’io governora io ny Asan’ny Apostoly 18:12–17. Raha marina ny fametrahan’ilay fitantarana ny fotoam-pitsarana, dia manampy mamaritra ny datiny ilay soratra. Tsy manonona an’i Paoly na fotoam-pitsarana ilay vato ary tsy manome daty marina nahatongavan’i Paoly tany Korinto. ## Mbola mila fantarina izay olona mitondra ilay anarana Miresaka lehilahy iray nandoa rarivato ho an’ny daholobe noho ny andraikiny amin’ny maha-aedile, andraikitra tao an-tanàna, ny soratra amin’ny rarivaton’i Erasto any Korinto. Manonona an’i Erasto manana andraikitra tao an-tanàna koa ny Romana 16:23. Mahasarika ilay fifandraisana aroso, nefa iadian-kevitra ny datin’ny soratra, very ny ampahany amin’ny anaran’ilay lehilahy feno, ary tsy mitovy hevitra ny mpandinika raha mifanaraka amin’ny andraikitry ny aedile ilay andraikitra ao amin’ny Romana. Tsy mbola manaporofo fa nitana izany andraikitra izany na nandoa ilay rarivato ny olom-pantatr’i Paoly ny fisian’ny manam-pahefana voarakitra tany Korinto. Mila fitandremana toy izany koa ireo soratra heverina fa momba an’i Sergio Paolo. Manonona an’i L. Sergius Paullus mitana andraikitra ho an’ny daholobe ny vato iray tamin’ny andron’i Klaodio any Roma, fa misy lahatsoratra hafa manolotra fifandraisana ara-pianakaviana na ara-pitantanana mety ho nisy. Tsy misy mamantatra amin’ny fomba azo antoka ilay governoran’i Kyprosy ao amin’ny Asan’ny Apostoly 13:7. Tsy manome andraikitra tany Kyprosy ilay vato tany Roma, ary ao amin’ilay sombiny avy any Kythrea dia famenoan’ny mpamoaka lahatsoratra manontolo ny anarana Paulus sy ny anaram-piasana hoe prokonsily. Mbola misokatra ny famantarana ilay olona na dia azo ekena aza ny anarana sy ny vanim-potoana. ## Mitahiry fifanarahana sy fahasamihafana ny mpahay tantara fahiny Mifampikasoka amin’ny Asan’ny Apostoly 12:19–23 ny fitantaran’i Josefa ny nahafatesan’i Heroda Agripa I: miseho ampahibemaso any Kaisaria ilay mpanjaka, manaiky ny fankalazana azy ho andriamanitra ary marary mahafaty. Filaharana iombonana manan-danja izany. Tsy mitovy koa anefa ireo fitantarana. Mitantara fampisehoana ho an’ny emperora, vorondolo fambara ary fanaintainan-kibo naharitra dimy andro i Josefa; ny Asan’ny Apostoly kosa miresaka iraka avy any Tyro sy Sidona, anjely ary fahafatesana vokatry ny kankana. Tokony hiaraka hodinihina amin’ireo tsy fitoviana ireo ny tontolo iombonana. Mampametraka fanontaniana momba ny loharano koa ny fifanarahana. Mihevitra ny manam-pahaizana sasany fa naka tao amin’i Josefa ny Asan’ny Apostoly; ny hafa miaro ny fisian’ny tatitra samy hafa momba ny fahafatesana ampahibemaso. Mety samy mampiasa endrika mahazatra momba ny fitsarana mpitondra manaiky voninahitra maha-andriamanitra koa ireo fitantarana. Noho izany dia manohana fanaporofoana ara-tantara ny fampitahana, ary miankina amin’ny fifandraisan’ireo asa soratra ny ampahany amin’ny heriny. Tsy azo isaina fotsiny ho vavolombelona roa tsy miankina ireo fitantarana roa mbola misy raha tsy efa nodinihina izany fanontaniana izany. ## Manome tontolo koa i Roma Mitatitra i Tacitus fa nanasazy ny Kristiana i Nero taorian’ny hain-trano tao Roma tamin’ny 64 taor. J.K. Manonona misaraka ny fanasaziana ny Kristiana teo ambany fitondran’i Nero i Suetonius nefa tsy mampifandray izany amin’ilay hain-trano. Manaiky ny ankamaroan’ny mpahay tantara fa tena nosoratan’i Tacitus ilay andalana, na dia nisy nanohitra aza ny filazany ny fihetsik’i Nero. Tsy misy amin’izy ireo manonona an’i Paoly ho anisan’ireo niharam-boina na manome ny taona na ny fomba nahafatesany. Tsy maintsy dinihina amin’ny alalan’ny fijoroana ho vavolombelona kristiana izany filazana izany. Amin’ireo ohatra ireo dia mahatonga ny tontolon’ny lahatsoratra ho azo tsapain-tanana kokoa ny porofo ivelany. Afaka manaporofo fitsipika izy, manamarina andraikitra, mametra kokoa ny daty mety ho izy na mitahiry tatitra hafa. Ny dingana manaraka dia ny fanontaniana hoe inona no mampifandray izany vokatra izany amin’ilay olona na tranga resahina. Io fifandraisana io no mampivadika fampitahana mampanantena ho fanaporofoana azon’ny mpamaky dinihina. ## Boky sy loharano nampiasaina - Flavius Josephus, The Wars of the Jews (William Whiston, 1737) — War 5.193-194 (Whiston 5.5.2) - Flavius Josephus, The Wars of the Jews (William Whiston, 1737) — War 6.124-126 (Whiston 6.2.4) - Flavius Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews (William Whiston, 1737) — Ant. 15.417 (Whiston 15.11.5) - Temple Warning inscription (Q16934222) — Q16934222 - Epigraphic Database Heidelberg (record last updated 2013-05-24, Cowey), EDH inscription record: building/dedicatory inscription from Colonia Laus Iulia Corinthus — EDH HD025815 - Epigraphik-Datenbank Clauss / Slaby, EDCS monument record (JSON data endpoint) — EDCS-32001186 - Epigraphic Database Heidelberg (record last updated by Cowey), Epigraphic Database Heidelberg: public legal inscription from Delphi (Achaia) — EDH HD043294 - Epigraphik-Datenbank Clauss/Slaby (references FDelphes 286; AE 2002, 1335; dated 52; Delphoi, Achaia) — EDCS-66400014 - Wikidata: Delphi Inscription — Q5254406 - Tacitus, Tacitus, Annals, Book 15 (Alfred John Church and William Jackson Brodribb (Wikisource text based on their translation), 1876) — Ann. 15.73 - Epigraphik-Datenbank Clauss/Slaby: CIL 06, 01256 (p 3129, 3798, 4365) = ILS 218a — EDCS-17800159 (CIL 06, 01256 (p 3129, 3798, 4365) = ILS 218a) - C. T. Newton (ed.), The Collection of Ancient Greek Inscriptions in the British Museum, Part II — GIBM II no. CLXXI (171), Macedonia section - Wikidata: Golden Gate (Thessaloniki), alias Vardar Gate — Q96631855 - Epigraphik-Datenbank Clauss/Slaby: CIL 06, 31545 (p 3796, 4362) = ILS 5926; TM 281782 — EDCS-19500065 (CIL 06, 31545 (p 3796, 4362) = ILS 5926; TM 281782) - Epigraphic Database Heidelberg: honorific base of L. Sergius Paullus filius, Antiochia Pisidiae — EDH HD046352 (AE 2002, 1457; TM 176947) - Epigraphic Database Heidelberg: fragment naming Paullus Ser[gius] and L. Serg[ius], Antiochia Pisidiae — EDH HD046353 (AE 2002, 1458; TM 176948) - John L. Myres, Handbook of the Cesnola Collection of Antiquities from Cyprus (Metropolitan Museum of Art) — no. 1903, p. 319 (appendix text p. 548) - Flavius Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews (William Whiston, 1737) — Ant. 19.343 (Whiston 19.8.2) - Flavius Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews (William Whiston, 1737) — Ant. 19.344 (Whiston 19.8.2) - Flavius Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews (William Whiston, 1737) — Ant. 19.345 (Whiston 19.8.2) - Flavius Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews (William Whiston, 1737) — Ant. 19.346 (Whiston 19.8.2; no rebuke and the owl) - Flavius Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews (William Whiston, 1737) — Ant. 19.346 (Whiston 19.8.2; the owl as messenger) - Flavius Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews (William Whiston, 1737) — Ant. 19.347 (Whiston 19.8.2) - Flavius Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews (William Whiston, 1737) — Ant. 19.350 (Whiston 19.8.2) - Flavius Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews (William Whiston, 1737) — Ant. 18.200 (owl omen, 18.195-202; Whiston 18.6.7) - Flavius Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews (William Whiston, 1737) — Ant. 17.168-169 (Whiston 17.6.5) - Flavius Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews (William Whiston, 1737) — Ant. 20.101 (Whiston 20.5.2) - Flavius Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews (William Whiston, 1737) — Ant. 20.267 (Whiston 20.11.3) - Flavius Josephus, The Jewish War (William Whiston, 1737) — War 2.218-219 (Whiston 2.11.6) - Wikidata item: Agrippa I — Q298636 - Tacitus, Annals (Alfred John Church and William Jackson Brodribb, 1942 (Random House reprint, as given by Perseus)) — Ann. 15.44 - Tacitus, Annals (Alfred John Church and William Jackson Brodribb, 1942 (Random House reprint, as given by Perseus)) — Ann. 15.38 - Tacitus, Annals (Alfred John Church and William Jackson Brodribb, 1942 (Random House reprint, as given by Perseus)) — Ann. 15.41 - Suetonius, Lives of the Caesars: Nero (J. C. Rolfe, 1914) — Nero 16.2 --- Ofisialy: https://paulineletters.com/mg/explore/articles/what-outside-evidence-can-show