--- title: "Hatramin’ny oviana no namakiana ny taratasin’i Paoly" canonical: "https://paulineletters.com/mg/explore/articles/how-early-pauls-letters-were-read" published: "2026-10-23" updated: "2026-10-23" language: "mg" license: "https://paulineletters.com/mg/explore/license" source: "Taratasy nosoratan’i Paoly · Pauline Letters" --- # Hatramin’ny oviana no namakiana ny taratasin’i Paoly > Mipoitra tsirairay ny porofo momba ny fandraisana voalohany ny taratasin’i Paoly, amin’ny alalan’ny vavolombelona izay tokony hitazona lanja ara-porofo samy hafa arakaraka ny karazana fanondroana ataony. **Hatramin’ny oviana no nahafantarana ny taratasin’i Paoly, ary inona marina no porofo omen’ny vavolombelona voalohany?** Mampahatsiahy mazava ny taratasin’i Paoly momba ny fisaratsarahana tany Korinto ny Klementa Voalohany, araka ny daty mahazatra omena azy amin’ny faran’ny taonjato voalohany. Manonona na mampiako taratasy manokana ny mpanoratra voalohany hafa; manampy porofo hafa ny fanangonana tamin’ny taonjato faharoa sy ny papiry tokony ho 200 taor. J.K. Manome daty manamarina fampiasana ireo, nefa mametra ny fampitahana sasany ny daty tsy azo antoka sy ny teny mety ho iombonana. ## Taratasy vakina indray tany Korinto Ao amin’ny toko faha-47 amin’ny Klementa Voalohany dia mampitodika ny Korintiana amin’ilay taratasy teo aloha nosoratan’i Paoly momba ny fisaratsarahan’izy ireo ny fiangonana tao Roma. Ny anaran’i Paoly, Kefasy ary Apolosy no ahafantarana fa ny 1 Korintiana 1:10–12 no resahina. Manonona an’i Paoly sy mampahatsiahy ny hevitry ny taratasy voafaritra iray ny mpanoratra eto. Mazava kokoa noho ny fiderana ankapobeny ny apostoly iray izany porofo izany: fantatra tany Roma ilay taratasy ary nantenaina fa hahafantatra azy ny tao Korinto. Matetika ny Klementa Voalohany no omena daty tokony ho 95–97 taor. J.K., na dia manomboka eo amin’ny 70 ka hatramin’ny 140 aza ny soso-kevitra. Mitondra ny tsy fahazoana antoka momba ny datiny àry io vavolombelona voalohany io. Mbola lehibe anefa ny heriny: taratasy azo fantarina nosoratan’i Paoly no nampahatsiahivina hamahana fifandirana hafa tao amin’ny fiangonana. Tsy midika izany fa nanana ireo taratasy telo ambin’ny folo rehetra lazain’ny lovantsofina ho nosoratan’i Paoly ny mpanoratra, na hoe tsy maintsy avy amin’ny taratasy tatỳ aoriana ny andalana rehetra mitovitovy aminy. ## Teny nalaina, fanondroana ankolaka ary ako Ny firaketana momba ny fandraisana ny taratasy dia manavaka ny teny nalaina mazava, ny fanondroana ankolaka azo inoana ary ny ako mety ho izy. Ny taratasin’i Ignatio ho an’ny Efesiana, toko faha-18, dia mamerina akaiky ny tenin’ny 1 Korintiana 1:20 ao amin’ny tontolo mitovitovy koa amin’ny adiheviny momba ny hazo fijaliana. Mety ho azo fantarina ny teny na dia tsy tononina aza ny loharano. Matetika no omena daty tokony ho 105–117 taor. J.K. ny taratasiny, na dia apetraky ny sasany ho tatỳ aoriana aza. Mila fitandremana bebe kokoa ny ako. Mampifandray ny maha-taranak’i Davida an’i Kristy sy ny maha-Zanak’Andriamanitra Azy ny taratasin’i Ignatio ho an’ny Smirniana, amin’ny teny mitovitovy amin’ny Romana 1:3–4. Satria mety mampiasa fanekem-pinoana teo aloha koa i Paoly amin’izany, dia mety niray tamin’io fanekena io i Ignatio nefa tsy naka tao amin’ny Romana. Azo inoana fa manondro ankolaka ny Romana ny lisitry ny faharatsiana ao amin’ny Klementa Voalohany, nefa nahazatra koa ny lisitra toy izany. Tokony ho 180 taor. J.K. dia manonona mazava ny Romana i Ireneo: fanontaniana hafa noho ny fitovian-teny teo aloha no valian’izany fanondroana izany. Ao amin’ny taratasin’i Polykarpa avy any Smyrna ho any Filipy, izay matetika omena daty tokony ho 110–140 taor. J.K., dia ahitana filazana momba ny vola izay azo inoana fa avy amin’ny 1 Timoty 6:7 sy 6:10. Mamela ny mety hisian’ny fampianarana iombonana ny fitoviana amin’ny ohabolana. Misy lanjany amin’ny fandraisana ireo asa soratra ny fahalalany azo inoana an’ireo teny ireo. Tsy afaka mamaha ilay fanontaniana iadian-kevitra hoe i Paoly ve no nanoratra ny 1 Timoty izany. ## Avaho ny mpanoratra, ny mpandray ary ny anarana Mety hanafina fifangaroana mora mitranga ny lohateny. Vavolombelona momba ny asa soratr’i Paoly ny Taratasy ho an’ny Filipiana nosoratan’i Polykarpa, fa tsy ilay Filipiana nosoratan’i Paoly mihitsy. Toy izany koa, asa hafa noho ny Romana ny Ho an’ny Romana nosoratan’i Ignatio. Mitazona ny porofo amin’ilay antontan-taratasy marina ny fanononana ny mpanoratra miaraka amin’ny toerana nandefasana azy. Mila fitandremana toy izany koa ny olona mitovy anarana. Manonona eveka atao hoe Onesimosy i Ignatio, akaikin’ny teny mety mampiako ny Filemona. Izany fitambarana izany no nahatonga soso-kevitra hampitovy azy amin’i Onesimosy ao amin’ny taratasin’i Paoly. Nahazatra anefa io anarana io, ary mbola tsy voaporofo ilay fampitoviana. Tsy afaka manova olona roa tononina ho tantaram-piainana iray voamarina ny ako ara-tsoratra mety ho izy. ## Mampiseho izay noraisin’ny mpamaky ny fanangonana Nanangona taratasy folo noheverina ho nosoratan’i Paoly ny fanontana navoakan’i Marcion tamin’ny tapaky ny taonjato faharoa, anisan’izany ny Filemona, nefa tsy nampiditra ny 1 Timoty, 2 Timoty ary Titosy. Very ilay fanontana; amin’ny alalan’ny mpanohitra azy no ahafantarana ny votoatiny, indrindra i Tertullien nanoratra tamin’ny fiandohan’ny taonjato fahatelo. Tokony hazava hatrany ny maha-tatitra manohitra azy izany rehefa milaza izay noraisin’i Marcion na novany. Mandray taratasy telo ambin’ny folo mitondra ny anaran’i Paoly ny Sombin-tsoratra Muratoriana. Matetika no omena daty tokony ho 170–200 taor. J.K. izy io, nefa misy manam-pahaizana mametraka azy amin’ny taonjato fahefatra. Firaketana ny fanangonana nekena tamin’ny datiny tsirairay, izay iadian-kevitra indraindray, ireo. Tsy afaka mamaritra ny datin’ny Taratasy Pastoraly ny tsy nampidiran’i Marcion azy irery: mbola fanazavana aroso ny fandavana, ny tsy fahalalana ary ny fanoratana tatỳ aoriana. Ny lisitra milaza an’i Paoly ho mpanoratra koa dia mirakitra fitsarana momba ny mpanoratra fa tsy mamaha ilay fanontaniana. ## Vavolombelona hafa ny kopia mbola misy Mitahiry fanangonana betsaka amin’ny taratasin’i Paoly ny Papiry 46, izay matetika omena daty araka ny endriky ny sora-tanana tokony ho 200 taor. J.K. Mametraka ny Hebreo aorian’ny Romana izy io. Mampiseho ny fomba nanakambanan’ny mpampiasa an’ilay boky ireo asa soratra izany filaharana izany; tsy afaka manaporofo izay nanoratra ny Hebreo izany. Misakana ny fahazoana antoka raha nisy ny Filemona na ny Taratasy Pastoraly tao amin’ilay boky taloha koa ny tsy fisian’ny takelaka farany. Mampiseho ny maha-samy hafa ny fandraisana hita amin’ny asa soratra sy ny fahaveloman’ny kopia ara-batana ny Filemona. Ny porofo voalohany azo antoka momba ny fandraisana azy dia ny fanangonan’i Marcion, araka ny nitateran’i Tertullien azy tatỳ aoriana. Ny sora-tanana tranainy indrindra fantatra mitahiry azy, ny Papiry 87, dia omena daty araka ny endriky ny sora-tanana amin’ny taonjato fahatelo. Manamarina fa efa nisy nandika azy tamin’izay ilay sombiny, fa tsy mamaritra ny daty nanoratana ilay taratasy. Mamela ny vavolombelona tsirairay hanampy izay tena voatahiry ao aminy ny fanavahana ireo fizotry ny fotoana roa ireo. ## Boky sy loharano nampiasaina - Polycarp of Smyrna, Letter to the Philippians (J. B. Lightfoot) — Phil. 3.2 - Polycarp of Smyrna, Letter to the Philippians (J. B. Lightfoot) — Phil. 9.1 - Polycarp of Smyrna, Letter to the Philippians (J. B. Lightfoot) — Phil. 9.2 - Polycarp of Smyrna, Letter to the Philippians (J. B. Lightfoot) — Phil. 11.2 - Polycarp of Smyrna, Letter to the Philippians (J. B. Lightfoot) — Phil. 11.3 - Polycarp of Smyrna, Letter to the Philippians (J. B. Lightfoot) — Phil. 12.1 - Polycarp of Smyrna, Letter to the Philippians (J. B. Lightfoot) — Phil. 13.2 - Irenaeus of Lyons, Against Heresies (Alexander Roberts and William Rambaut, 1885) — AH 3.3.4 (Polycarp's letter) - Irenaeus of Lyons, Against Heresies (Alexander Roberts and William Rambaut, 1885) — AH 3.3.4 (Polycarp and Marcion) - Church of Rome (traditionally Clement of Rome), First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians (J. B. Lightfoot, 1890) — 1 Clem. 5.6 - Church of Rome (traditionally Clement of Rome), First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians (J. B. Lightfoot, 1890) — 1 Clem. 5.7 - Church of Rome (traditionally Clement of Rome), First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians (J. B. Lightfoot, 1890) — 1 Clem. 5.1 - Church of Rome (traditionally Clement of Rome), First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians (J. B. Lightfoot) — 1 Clem. 5.2 - Church of Rome (traditionally Clement of Rome), First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians (J. B. Lightfoot, 1890) — 1 Clem. 47.1-3 - Church of Rome (traditionally Clement of Rome), First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians (J. B. Lightfoot, 1890) — 1 Clem. 6.1 - Church of Rome (traditionally Clement of Rome), First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians (J. B. Lightfoot, 1890) — 1 Clem. 1.1 - Church of Rome (traditionally Clement of Rome), First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians (J. B. Lightfoot, 1890) — 1 Clem. inscription (salutation) - J. B. Lightfoot, The Apostolic Fathers, Part I: S. Clement of Rome, vol. 2 — Note on 1 Clem. 5 ('the extreme west'), p. 30 - J. B. Lightfoot, The Apostolic Fathers, Part I: S. Clement of Rome, vol. 2 — Note on 1 Clem. 5 ('the extreme west'), p. 31 - J. B. Lightfoot, The Apostolic Fathers, Part I: S. Clement of Rome, vol. 2 — Note on 1 Clem. 5 ('seven times'), p. 29 - J. B. Lightfoot, The Apostolic Fathers, Part I: S. Clement of Rome, vol. 1 — Part I, vol. 1, p. 27 - J. B. Lightfoot, The Apostolic Fathers, Part I: S. Clement of Rome, vol. 1 — Part I, vol. 1, p. 118 (Alexandrian MS) - J. B. Lightfoot, The Apostolic Fathers, Part I: S. Clement of Rome, vol. 1 — Part I, vol. 1, p. 122 (Constantinople MS) - Irenaeus of Lyons, Against Heresies (Alexander Roberts and William Rambaut, 1885) — AH 3.3.3 - Anonymous, Muratorian Fragment (Canon Muratorianus) (S. D. F. Salmond, 1886) — §2 in ANF numbering (on Acts) - Institut für Neutestamentliche Textforschung, Kurzgefasste Liste: GA 02 (Codex Alexandrinus) — docID 20002 (GA 02; London, British Library, Royal 1 D.VIII; 5th century) - Ignatius of Antioch, Epistle to the Ephesians (J. B. Lightfoot and J. R. Harmer, 1891) — Ign. Eph. 12.2 - Ignatius of Antioch, Epistle to the Romans (J. B. Lightfoot and J. R. Harmer, 1891) — Ign. Rom. 4.3 - Ignatius of Antioch, Epistle to the Romans (J. B. Lightfoot and J. R. Harmer, 1891) — Ign. Rom. 9.2 (echo of 1 Cor 15:8-9) - Ignatius of Antioch, Epistle to the Ephesians (J. B. Lightfoot and J. R. Harmer, 1891) — Ign. Eph. 18.1 (echo of 1 Cor 1:18-20; 4:13) - Ignatius of Antioch, Epistle to the Smyrnaeans (J. B. Lightfoot and J. R. Harmer, 1891) — Ign. Smyrn. 3.3 - Polycarp of Smyrna, Epistle to the Philippians (J. B. Lightfoot) — Pol. Phil. 13.2 - Irenaeus of Lyons, Against Heresies (Alexander Roberts and William Rambaut, 1885) — Haer. 5.28.4 (quoting Ign. Rom. 4.1) - Anonymous (Muratorian Fragment), Canon Muratorianus, in Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 5 (printed among the Fragments of Caius) (S. D. F. Salmond, 1886) — Canon Muratorianus 3, on Philemon, Titus and Timothy (ANF 5:603) - Anonymous (Muratorian Fragment), Canon Muratorianus, in Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 5 (printed among the Fragments of Caius) (S. D. F. Salmond, 1886) — Canon Muratorianus 3, on Laodiceans and Alexandrians (ANF 5:603) - Anonymous (Muratorian Fragment), Canon Muratorianus, in Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 5 (printed among the Fragments of Caius) (S. D. F. Salmond, 1886) — Canon Muratorianus 2, on Acts and Theophilus (ANF 5:603) - Anonymous (Muratorian Fragment), Canon Muratorianus, in Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 5 (printed among the Fragments of Caius) (S. D. F. Salmond, 1886) — Canon Muratorianus 2, on Peter's passion and Paul's journey to Spain (ANF 5:603) - Anonymous (Muratorian Fragment), Canon Muratorianus, in Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 5 (printed among the Fragments of Caius) (S. D. F. Salmond, 1886) — Canon Muratorianus 4 (ANF 5:604) - ANF vol. 5 editors (editorial headnote), Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 5, note to 'Canon Muratorianus' — ANF 5:603, headnote (CCEL note 4977) - Tertullian, Against Marcion, in Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 3 (Peter Holmes, 1885) — Adv. Marc. 5.21 - Tertullian, Against Marcion, in Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 3 (Peter Holmes, 1885) — Adv. Marc. 5.17 - Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neuen Testaments (INTF NTVMR, page-level record) — Gregory-Aland P46 (INTF docID 10046) - Chester Beatty online exhibition page: New Testament (label for the Pauline Epistles leaf) — CBL BP II f.61 - CSNTM manuscript record: P46 — GA P46 - INTF NTVMR transcription of P46 — P46 folio 20r - INTF NTVMR transcription of P46 — P46 folio 21v - INTF NTVMR transcription of P46 — P46 folio 75r - Tertullian, Against Marcion (Peter Holmes, 1885) — Adv. Marc. 5.21.1 - Tertullian, Against Marcion (Peter Holmes, 1885) — Adv. Marc. 5.21.1 - Tertullian, Against Marcion (Peter Holmes, 1885) — Adv. Marc. 5.17.1 - Tertullian, Against Marcion (Peter Holmes, 1885) — Adv. Marc. 5.11.12 - Tertullian, Against Marcion (Peter Holmes, 1885) — Adv. Marc. 5.13.4 - Tertullian, Against Marcion (Peter Holmes, 1885) — Adv. Marc. 1.19.2 - Tertullian, Against Marcion (Peter Holmes, 1885) — Adv. Marc. 1.15 - Irenaeus, Against Heresies (Alexander Roberts and William Rambaut, 1885) — Haer. 1.27.2 - Muratorian Fragment (Canon Muratorianus) (S. D. F. Salmond, 1886) — Muratorian Fragment, sec. 3 (ANF 5 numbering) - Polycarp, Epistle of Polycarp to the Philippians (J. B. Lightfoot, 1891) — Phil. 4.1 - INTF NTVMR transcription of P46 — P46 folio 75r - Institut für Neutestamentliche Textforschung, Kurzgefasste Liste (INTF NTVMR): manuscript record P87 — P87 (docID 10087) - Institut für Neutestamentliche Textforschung, INTF transcription of P87, folio 1r — P87 f. 1r (Phlm 13-15) - Institut für Neutestamentliche Textforschung, INTF transcription of P87, folio 1v — P87 f. 1v (Phlm 24-25) - Institut für Neutestamentliche Textforschung, Kurzgefasste Liste (INTF NTVMR): manuscript record P139 — P139 (docID 10139) - Institut für Neutestamentliche Textforschung, Kurzgefasste Liste (INTF NTVMR): manuscript record 01 (Codex Sinaiticus) — 01 (docID 20001) - Institut für Neutestamentliche Textforschung, Kurzgefasste Liste (INTF NTVMR): manuscript record P46 — P46 (docID 10046) - CSNTM manuscript catalogue: GA P87 — GA P87 - Tertullian, Against Marcion (Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 3) (Peter Holmes, 1885) — Adv. Marc. 5.21 - Clement of Rome (traditional attribution), 1 Clement (J. B. Lightfoot, 1891) — 1 Clem. 35.6 - Ignatius of Antioch, Epistle to the Smyrnaeans (J. B. Lightfoot and J. R. Harmer, 1891) — Smyrn. 1.1 - Polycarp of Smyrna, Letter to the Philippians (J. B. Lightfoot, 1891) — Phil. 6.2 - Tertullian, Against Marcion (Peter Holmes, 1885) — Adv. Marc. 5.13 - Irenaeus of Lyons, Against Heresies (Alexander Roberts and William Rambaut, 1885) — Haer. 3.16.3 - Anonymous (Muratorian Fragment), Canon Muratorianus, in Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 5 (printed among the Fragments of Caius) (S. D. F. Salmond, 1886) — Canon Muratorianus 3, on Paul's letters to seven churches - CSNTM manuscript record: P46 — GA P46 - Clement of Rome, The Epistle of S. Clement to the Corinthians (Lightfoot, Apostolic Fathers Part I, vol. 2) (J. B. Lightfoot, 1890) — 1 Clem. 47.1-3 - Ignatius of Antioch, Epistle to the Ephesians (J. B. Lightfoot, 1891) — Ign. Eph. 18.1 - Ignatius of Antioch, Epistle to the Romans (J. B. Lightfoot, 1891) — Ign. Rom. 9.2 - Polycarp, Epistle of Polycarp to the Philippians (J. B. Lightfoot, 1891) — Pol. Phil. 11.2 - Tertullian, Against Marcion (Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 3) (P. Holmes, 1885) — Adv. Marc. 5.10 - Irenaeus, Against Heresies (Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 1) (A. Roberts and W. H. Rambaut, 1885) — Haer. 4.27.3 - Muratorian Fragment (Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 5) (S. D. F. Salmond, 1886) — Muratorian Fragment, section 3 (ANF 5 numbering) - CSNTM manuscript record, Gregory-Aland P46 — GA P46 (Dublin, CBL BP II) - Clement of Rome (traditional attribution), 1 Clement (J. B. Lightfoot, 1891) — 1 Clem. 61.2 - Ignatius of Antioch, Epistle to Polycarp (J. B. Lightfoot, 1891) — Pol. 3.1 - Polycarp of Smyrna, Letter to the Philippians (J. B. Lightfoot, 1891) — Phil. 4.1 - Anonymous (Muratorian Fragment), Canon Muratorianus, in Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 5 (printed among the Fragments of Caius) (S. D. F. Salmond, 1886) — Canon Muratorianus 3, on Philemon, Titus and Timothy (ANF 5:603) - Irenaeus of Lyons, Against Heresies (Alexander Roberts and William Rambaut, 1885) — AH 1, preface 1 - Institut für Neutestamentliche Textforschung, Münster, Kurzgefasste Liste (NTVMR), P133 — Gregory-Aland P133 (INTF docID 10133) - Tertullian, Against Marcion (Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 3) (Peter Holmes, 1885) — 5.21 - Ignatius of Antioch, Epistle to the Ephesians (J. B. Lightfoot and J. R. Harmer, 1891) — Ign. Eph. 2.1-2 - Tertullian, Against Marcion (Peter Holmes, 1885) — Adv. Marc. 5.21.1 (Marcion's Apostolicon) - Anonymous (Muratorian Fragment), Muratorian Fragment (Canon Muratorianus) (S. D. F. Salmond, 1886) — Muratorian Fragment, sec. 3 (ANF 5 numbering) - Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts, CSNTM manuscript catalogue: GA P87 — GA P87 (3rd century; Köln, Institut für Altertumskunde, Inv. Nr. 12) - Tertullian, Against Marcion (Peter Holmes, 1885) — Adv. Marc. 5.21.1 (Philemon's brevity) --- Ofisialy: https://paulineletters.com/mg/explore/articles/how-early-pauls-letters-were-read