{ "$schema": "https://paulineletters.com/data/agent/commons/v1/places.schema.json", "schemaVersion": "1.0", "version": "1.0.0", "dataset": "places", "locale": "id", "title": "Tempat dalam Kisah Para Rasul dan surat-surat Paulus", "description": "Nama-nama geografis dalam Kisah Para Rasul 7:58–28:31 dan ketiga belas surat Paulus, dengan konteks sumber, jenis tempat, geometri yang disertai batasan, serta batas eksplisit atas klaim perjalanan.", "method": "Kemunculan nama geografis secara harfiah telah ditinjau berdasarkan versi sumber World English Bible yang telah ditetapkan; rujukan kontekstual terpisah merupakan contoh pilihan yang didukung sumber, bukan sensus menyeluruh semua rujukan yang menunjuk tempat yang sama. Nama tempat dapat menggambarkan asal-usul, komunitas, tujuan yang direncanakan, atau perjalanan lepas pantai tanpa melaporkan kunjungan. Klaim kehadiran mempertahankan perbedaan tersebut. Pencocokan dengan daftar nama geografis dan titik-titik yang mewakili tempat memerlukan tinjauan independen atas subjek serta koordinat; identifikasi yang belum terselesaikan atau diperdebatkan tetap dinyatakan secara eksplisit. Koordinat tidak menentukan lokasi peristiwa yang dilaporkan. Kitab suci hanya dicantumkan melalui rujukan.", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "attribution": "Pauline Letters — https://paulineletters.com", "rights": { "coordinateChanges": "Selected representative points and named their latitude/longitude fields; numeric coordinate values are unchanged. Precision/basis labels and project prose are separately authored by Pauline Letters.", "projectLicenseScope": "project-owned-editorial-and-compilation-only", "upstream": { "attributionPolicyUrl": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/help/how-to-cite-pleiades", "copyrightNotices": { "contributors": "Copyright © The Contributors. 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Talbert", "Enes Yılandiloğlu", "Ryan Horne", "Chris de Lisle" ], "copyrightNotice": "creators", "use": "representative-point-and-source-metadata", "scopes": [ "/items/98/anchors/8/source", "/items/98/geometry/latitude", "/items/98/geometry/longitude", "/items/98/authorities/0/id" ] }, { "id": "pleiades-423106", "subjectId": "three-taverns", "sourceAnchorId": "gazetteer-point", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/423106", "title": "Tres Tabernae", "creators": [ "L. Quilici", "S. Quilici Gigli" ], "contributors": [ "R. Talbert", "Brady Kiesling", "Sean Gillies", "Johan Åhlfeldt", "Jeffrey Becker", "Tom Elliott" ], "copyrightNotice": "contributors", "use": "representative-point-and-source-metadata", "scopes": [ "/items/99/anchors/1/source", "/items/99/geometry/latitude", "/items/99/geometry/longitude", "/items/99/authorities/0/id" ] }, { "id": "pleiades-550924", "subjectId": "thyatira", "sourceAnchorId": "gazetteer-point", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/550924", "title": "Thyateira", "creators": [ "C. Foss", "G. Reger", "S. Mitchell" ], "contributors": [ "Brady Kiesling", "Sean Gillies", "Johan Åhlfeldt", "Jeffrey Becker", "Tom Elliott", "DARMC", "R. Talbert", "Enes Yılandiloğlu" ], "copyrightNotice": "creators", "use": "representative-point-and-source-metadata", "scopes": [ "/items/100/anchors/1/source", "/items/100/geometry/latitude", "/items/100/geometry/longitude", "/items/100/authorities/0/id" ] }, { "id": "pleiades-678437", "subjectId": "tyre", "sourceAnchorId": "gazetteer-point", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/678437", "title": "Tyrus/Col. Septimia Severa", "creators": [ "E.M. Meyers", "J.P. Brown" ], "contributors": [ "Brady Kiesling", "Sean Gillies", "Rosemary Selth", "Jeffrey Becker", "Jamie Novotny", "H. Kopp", "W. Röllig", "B. Siewert-Mayer", "Rune Rattenborg", "R. Talbert", "Johan Åhlfeldt", "Enes Yılandiloğlu", "Carolin Johansson", "Tom Elliott", "DARMC", "R. Scott Smith", "Greta Hawes", "Francis Deblauwe", "Eric Kansa" ], "copyrightNotice": "creators", "use": "representative-point-and-source-metadata", "scopes": [ "/items/102/anchors/2/source", "/items/102/geometry/latitude", "/items/102/geometry/longitude", "/items/102/authorities/0/id" ] } ] }, "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/data/agent/commons/v1/places.json", "scripture": "References only. No Bible translation text is included; cite the reference and read it in a licensed or public-domain edition.", "itemCount": 104, "items": [ { "id": "damascus", "name": "Damsyik", "summary": "Damsyik adalah kota dalam kisah kegiatan awal Paulus. Kisah Para Rasul menggambarkan kedatangan, pemberitaan, dan pelariannya. Galatia mengingat kembalinya penutur setelah Arab, sementara 2 Korintus menggambarkan pelarian yang melibatkan pejabat di bawah Raja Aretas. Kisah-kisah ini berasal dari dokumen berbeda; kesamaan nama kota tidak menyelesaikan bagaimana urutannya saling berkaitan. Dalam Kisah Para Rasul, pertemuan di jalan terjadi sebelum Saulus memasuki Damsyik. Titik yang mewakili kota tidak dapat menentukan lokasi pertemuan di tepi jalan itu.", "anchors": [ { "id": "acts-arrival", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 9:8-25", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "road-context", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 9:3", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "galatians-return", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Galatians 1:17", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "corinthian-escape", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Corinthians 11:32-33", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "678106; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/678106/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "acts-arrival-and-escape", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "acts-arrival" ], "qualifies": [ "road-context" ], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menempatkan Saulus di Damsyik setelah ia mendekati kota dan mengisahkan kegiatan di sana yang disusul pelarian.", "limit": "Ini melaporkan latar kota dalam narasi. Keterangan itu tidak mengidentifikasi lokasi tepat pertemuan di tepi jalan atau mengubah setiap pengulangan keterangan Damsyik menjadi kunjungan terpisah." }, { "id": "letter-notices", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "galatians-return", "corinthian-escape" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Galatia melaporkan kembalinya penutur ke Damsyik setelah Arab; 2 Korintus menggambarkan pelarian pembicara dari pejabat yang berkaitan dengan Raja Aretas.", "limit": "Kedua surat memberikan kisah terpisah; tidak satu pun bagian menjelaskan sepenuhnya hubungan kronologinya dengan Kisah Para Rasul." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.damascus", "aliases": [ "Damascus" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 9:2", "ACT 9:3", "ACT 9:8", "ACT 9:10", "ACT 9:19", "ACT 9:22", "ACT 9:27", "ACT 22:5", "ACT 22:6", "ACT 22:10", "ACT 22:11", "ACT 22:12", "ACT 26:12", "ACT 26:20", "2CO 11:32", "GAL 1:17" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 9:11", "ACT 9:23", "ACT 9:24", "ACT 9:25", "2CO 11:33" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "678106", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "independent-pleiades-damascus" }, { "scheme": "wikidata", "id": "Q3766", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "independent-wikidata-damascus" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": "damascus", "geometry": { "latitude": 33.511612, "longitude": 36.309102, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "acts-arrival-and-escape" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "2-corinthians", "galatians" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-damascus" }, { "id": "caesarea", "name": "Kaisarea Maritima", "summary": "Kaisarea Maritima adalah kota pesisir yang disebut dalam Kisah Para Rasul. Kota itu berfungsi sebagai penghubung perjalanan, latar Paulus tinggal bersama Filipus, serta tempat penahanan dan persidangannya di bawah pejabat Romawi. Bagian lain menempatkan Filipus, Kornelius, atau Herodes di sana tanpa melaporkan kunjungan Paulus. Kota itu berbeda dari Kaisarea Filipi. Pengulangan namanya tidak memastikan kedatangan Paulus yang terpisah pada setiap kesempatan, dan titik peta yang mewakili kota tidak dapat mengidentifikasi ruang sidang, penjara, atau bangunan tertentu lainnya.", "anchors": [ { "id": "first-transfer", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 9:30", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "later-arrival", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 18:22", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "philip-stay", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 21:8-16", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "custody-arrival", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 23:33-35", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "custody-duration", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 24:27", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "festus-setting", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 25:1-13", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "philip-context", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 8:40", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "cornelius-context", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 10:1", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "herod-context", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 12:19", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "678401; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/678401/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-travel-and-stay", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "first-transfer", "later-arrival", "philip-stay" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul melaporkan Paulus melewati Kaisarea dan kemudian tinggal di sana bersama Filipus sebelum melanjutkan menuju Yerusalem.", "limit": "Nama di sini merujuk kepada kota pesisir, yang berbeda dari Kaisarea Filipi. Penyebutan kota tidak harus melaporkan kunjungan Paulus." }, { "id": "custody-setting", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "custody-arrival", "custody-duration", "festus-setting" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menjadikan Kaisarea latar penahanan Paulus dan proses yang melibatkan Feliks serta Festus.", "limit": "Ini adalah latar narasi, bukan identifikasi ruang sidang yang digali, sel penjara, atau koordinat peristiwa yang tepat." }, { "id": "other-actors", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "philip-context", "cornelius-context", "herod-context" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Keterangan Kaisarea lain dalam Kisah Para Rasul menyangkut Filipus, Kornelius, dan Herodes, bukan kehadiran Paulus.", "limit": "Rujukan kepada lokasi orang lain tidak memberikan klaim kedatangan atau tempat tinggal Paulus." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.caesarea", "aliases": [ "Caesarea", "Caesarea Maritima" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 8:40", "ACT 9:30", "ACT 10:1", "ACT 10:24", "ACT 11:11", "ACT 12:19", "ACT 18:22", "ACT 21:8", "ACT 21:16", "ACT 23:23", "ACT 23:33", "ACT 25:1", "ACT 25:4", "ACT 25:6", "ACT 25:13" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 23:34", "ACT 23:35", "ACT 24:27" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "678401", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "independent-pleiades-caesarea" }, { "scheme": "wikidata", "id": "Q319242", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "independent-wikidata-caesarea" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": "caesarea", "geometry": { "latitude": 32.5018388, "longitude": 34.8924472, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-travel-and-stay" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-caesarea" }, { "id": "cyprus", "name": "Siprus", "summary": "Siprus adalah pulau yang dicapai Paulus dan Barnabas dalam kisah misi Kisah Para Rasul. Kisah Para Rasul kemudian menggambarkan Barnabas dan Yohanes yang disebut Markus berlayar ke sana setelah perpisahan mereka dari Paulus. Bagian lain mengaitkan orang-orang dengan Siprus atau menggambarkan rombongan Paulus berlayar melewati atau di sisi terlindungnya. Berbagai penggunaan nama pulau ini tidak semuanya melaporkan kunjungan Paulus. Pulau itu berbeda dari salah satu kotanya, dan titik peta yang mewakilinya tidak mengidentifikasi tempat pendaratan atau batas provinsi kuno.", "anchors": [ { "id": "mission-island", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 13:4-6", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "barnabas-mark", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 15:39", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "later-sea-route", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 21:3", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "rome-sea-route", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:4", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "scattered-and-origin", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 11:19-20", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "mnason-origin", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 21:16", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "707498; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/707498/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-island-mission", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "mission-island" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menggambarkan Paulus dan Barnabas mencapai Siprus dan melanjutkan dari Salamis melintasi pulau menuju Pafos.", "limit": "Bagian itu menggambarkan perjalanan melintasi pulau; bagian tersebut tidak menyamakan seluruh pulau dengan Salamis atau Pafos, atau menentukan satu titik pendaratan." }, { "id": "different-travel-relations", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "barnabas-mark", "later-sea-route", "rome-sea-route" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul secara terpisah melaporkan Barnabas dan Yohanes yang disebut Markus bepergian ke Siprus serta pelayaran kemudian ketika rombongan Paulus melewati pulau atau berlayar di sisi terlindungnya.", "limit": "Pelayaran Barnabas dan Yohanes yang disebut Markus bukan kunjungan tambahan Paulus. Deskripsi rute laut kemudian tidak dengan sendirinya melaporkan pendaratan." }, { "id": "origin-and-community-notices", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "scattered-and-origin", "mnason-origin" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul juga mengaitkan Siprus dengan orang percaya yang tersebar, orang-orang yang datang dari pulau itu, dan Mnason.", "limit": "Ini merupakan keterkaitan perpindahan atau asal-usul bagi orang-orang yang disebut dalam bagian tersebut, bukan bukti bahwa Paulus mengunjungi Siprus pada kesempatan itu." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.cyprus", "aliases": [ "Cyprus" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 11:19", "ACT 11:20", "ACT 13:4", "ACT 15:39", "ACT 21:3", "ACT 21:16", "ACT 27:4" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 13:5", "ACT 13:6" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "707498", "targetKind": "island", "receiptId": "independent-pleiades-cyprus" }, { "scheme": "wikidata", "id": "Q644636", "targetKind": "island", "receiptId": "independent-wikidata-cyprus" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "island", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 34.99543568254809, "longitude": 33.22246680789437, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-island-mission" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-cyprus" }, { "id": "pisidian-antioch", "name": "Antiokhia di Pisidia", "summary": "Antiokhia di Pisidia adalah kota yang diberi keterangan Pisidia dalam Kisah Para Rasul, berbeda dari Antiokhia di tepi Orontes. Kisah Para Rasul menggambarkan Paulus dan Barnabas mengajar di sana, menghadapi perlawanan, dan kemudian kembali melalui kota itu. 2 Timotius menyebut Antiokhia bersama Ikonium dan Listra dalam ingatan tentang penganiayaan. Karena itu, kesamaan nama Antiokhia perlu dibaca dalam konteks bagiannya. Kisah retrospektif surat tidak dengan sendirinya memastikan kepengarangan, tanggal peristiwa, atau bagaimana semua perjalanan saling berkaitan.", "anchors": [ { "id": "acts-mission", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 13:14-52", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "acts-return", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 14:21-23", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "letter-retrospect", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Timothy 3:10-11", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "609307; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/609307/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-mission-and-return", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "acts-mission", "acts-return" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menempatkan Paulus dan Barnabas di Antiokhia yang diberi keterangan Pisidia dan kemudian mengisahkan perjalanan kembali mereka melalui Listra, Ikonium, dan Antiokhia.", "limit": "Antiokhia yang dicapai dari Perga dalam Kisah Para Rasul 13 berbeda dari kota di Siria. Penyebutan Antiokhia tanpa keterangan memerlukan konteks bagiannya sendiri." }, { "id": "pastoral-retrospect", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "letter-retrospect" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Penulis 2 Timotius mengingat penganiayaan di Antiokhia bersama Ikonium dan Listra.", "limit": "Ingatan ini tidak memberikan tanggal peristiwa, mengisahkan kunjungan lain, atau memastikan siapa yang menulis surat tersebut." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.pisidian-antioch", "aliases": [ "Antioch", "Antioch of Pisidia", "Pisidian Antioch" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 13:14", "ACT 14:19", "ACT 14:21", "2TI 3:11" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 13:15", "ACT 13:44", "ACT 13:50", "ACT 13:51" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "609307", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "independent-pleiades-pisidian-antioch" }, { "scheme": "wikidata", "id": "Q579468", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "independent-wikidata-pisidian-antioch" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": "pisidian-antioch", "geometry": { "latitude": 38.305374018553835, "longitude": 31.189869948559302, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-mission-and-return" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "2-timothy" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-pisidian-antioch" }, { "id": "iconium", "name": "Ikonium", "summary": "Ikonium adalah kota dalam kisah misi Paulus dan Barnabas di Kisah Para Rasul. Narasi menggambarkan pemberitaan, tanggapan yang terpecah, ancaman serangan, dan keberangkatan, disusul perjalanan kembali melalui kota itu. Orang-orang percayanya juga muncul dalam laporan tentang Timotius, sementara 2 Timotius mengingat penganiayaan di Ikonium. Rujukan komunitas itu tidak mengisahkan kedatangan baru Paulus. Titik peta mewakili permukiman kuno tanpa menentukan seluruh wilayah perkotaannya pada abad pertama.", "anchors": [ { "id": "acts-mission", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 14:1-6", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "acts-return", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 14:21-23", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "timothy-testimony", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 16:1-2", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "letter-retrospect", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Timothy 3:10-11", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "648647; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/648647/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-mission-and-return", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "acts-mission", "acts-return" ], "qualifies": [ "timothy-testimony" ], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul melaporkan Paulus dan Barnabas mengajar di Ikonium, pergi setelah ancaman kekerasan, dan kemudian kembali melalui kota itu.", "limit": "Kesaksian kemudian dari orang percaya Ikonium tentang Timotius tidak dengan sendirinya melaporkan kunjungan lain Paulus ke Ikonium." }, { "id": "pastoral-retrospect", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "letter-retrospect" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "2 Timotius mengingat penganiayaan di Ikonium bersama Antiokhia dan Listra.", "limit": "Ingatan surat itu tidak memberi tanggal peristiwa, mengisahkan kunjungan tambahan, atau memastikan kepengarangannya." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.iconium", "aliases": [ "Iconium" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 13:51", "ACT 14:1", "ACT 14:19", "ACT 14:21", "ACT 16:2", "2TI 3:11" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 14:2", "ACT 14:3", "ACT 14:4", "ACT 14:5", "ACT 14:6" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "648647", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "independent-pleiades-iconium" }, { "scheme": "wikidata", "id": "Q132559332", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "independent-wikidata-iconium" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": "iconium", "geometry": { "latitude": 37.87245590410413, "longitude": 32.49229501229744, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-mission-and-return" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "2-timothy" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-iconium" }, { "id": "lystra", "name": "Listra", "summary": "Listra adalah kota dalam Kisah Para Rasul tempat kegiatan Paulus dan Barnabas disusul serangan keras terhadap Paulus. Narasi juga melaporkan perjalanan kembali dan kemudian mengaitkan orang percaya Listra dengan reputasi Timotius. 2 Timotius menyebut Listra dalam kisah retrospektif penganiayaan. Kisah-kisah ini tidak memastikan tempat lahir Timotius atau mengidentifikasi lokasi arkeologis yang tepat. Pleiades dan Wikidata memberikan posisi Listra yang berjauhan, sehingga lokasi modern tepatnya tetap belum terselesaikan dalam catatan ini.", "anchors": [ { "id": "acts-mission", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 14:8-20", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "acts-return", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 14:21-23", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "timothy-context", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 16:1-2", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "letter-retrospect", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Timothy 3:10-11", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "648699; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/648699/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } }, { "id": "wikidata-coordinates", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "wikidata", "work": "Wikidata entity record", "locator": "entities.Q535982.claims.P625", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/w/api.php?action=wbgetentities&ids=Q535982&props=labels%7Cdescriptions%7Cclaims%7Cinfo&languages=en&format=json", "publicDomain": true, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-mission-and-assault", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "acts-mission", "acts-return" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menempatkan kegiatan Paulus dan Barnabas di Listra, mengisahkan perajaman Paulus di sana, dan kemudian melaporkan perjalanan kembali melalui kota itu.", "limit": "Dianggap mati dalam kisah bukan pernyataan bahwa Paulus meninggal. Latar kota tidak menentukan lokasi serangan dalam situs yang digali." }, { "id": "later-document-notices", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "timothy-context", "letter-retrospect" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menghubungkan orang percaya di Listra dengan reputasi Timotius, dan 2 Timotius mengingat penganiayaan di sana.", "limit": "Keterangan pertama tidak memastikan tempat lahir Timotius, dan keterangan kedua tidak secara independen memastikan kepengarangan, tanggal, atau perjalanan baru." }, { "id": "coordinate-evidence", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "gazetteer-point", "wikidata-coordinates" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Daftar nama geografis Pleiades dan Wikidata menempatkan Listra pada posisi modern yang berbeda.", "limit": "Catatan-catatan ini tidak memastikan lokasi modern mana yang mewakili kota kuno." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.lystra", "aliases": [ "Lystra" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 14:6", "ACT 14:8", "ACT 14:21", "ACT 16:1", "ACT 16:2", "2TI 3:11" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 14:9", "ACT 14:19", "ACT 14:20" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": "lystra", "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-mission-and-assault" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "2-timothy" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-lystra" }, { "id": "derbe", "name": "Derbe", "summary": "Derbe adalah kota yang dicapai Paulus dan Barnabas dalam Kisah Para Rasul setelah serangan terhadap Paulus di Listra. Narasi menggambarkan pekerjaan mereka di sana dan kemudian menyebut Derbe serta Listra dalam perjalanan lain. Daftar perjalanan berikutnya mengaitkan Gayus dengan Derbe tanpa menggambarkan kedatangan lain Paulus. Wikidata memberikan dua lokasi kota yang berjauhan, sementara titik Pleiades hanya berada dekat salah satunya. Catatan-catatan ini membiarkan lokasi modern tepatnya belum terselesaikan.", "anchors": [ { "id": "acts-arrival", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 14:20-21", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "later-route", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 16:1", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gaius-origin", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 20:4", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "648620; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/648620/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } }, { "id": "wikidata-coordinates", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "wikidata", "work": "Wikidata entity record", "locator": "entities.Q20717624.claims.P625", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/w/api.php?action=wbgetentities&ids=Q20717624&props=labels%7Cdescriptions%7Cclaims%7Cinfo&languages=en&format=json", "publicDomain": true, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-arrivals", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "acts-arrival", "later-route" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul melaporkan Paulus dan Barnabas mencapai Derbe, menggambarkan kegiatan mereka di sana, dan kemudian menempatkan Derbe serta Listra dalam perjalanan Paulus selanjutnya.", "limit": "Ini merupakan kedatangan dan kegiatan yang dikisahkan, bukan identifikasi arkeologis atau rangkaian perjalanan yang diberi tanggal secara independen." }, { "id": "gaius-association", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "gaius-origin" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul mengaitkan seorang Gayus dalam rombongan perjalanan dengan Derbe.", "limit": "Keterkaitan asal-usul tidak melaporkan kedatangan baru Paulus dan tidak menyamakan Gayus ini dengan setiap orang lain bernama demikian." }, { "id": "coordinate-evidence", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "gazetteer-point", "wikidata-coordinates" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Wikidata mencantumkan dua lokasi Derbe yang berjauhan; titik Pleiades dekat dengan salah satunya.", "limit": "Catatan-catatan ini tidak memastikan lokasi modern mana yang mewakili kota kuno." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.derbe", "aliases": [ "Derbe" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 14:6", "ACT 14:20", "ACT 16:1", "ACT 20:4" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 14:21" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": "derbe", "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-arrivals" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-derbe" }, { "id": "troas", "name": "Troas", "summary": "Troas adalah kota tempat Kisah Para Rasul menggambarkan rombongan Paulus berlayar menuju Makedonia. Kisah Para Rasul kemudian menempatkan Paulus di sana dalam pertemuan yang melibatkan Eutikhus. 2 Korintus mengingat pelayanan di Troas dan kekhawatiran tentang Titus, sementara 2 Timotius merujuk kepada barang-barang yang ditinggalkan bersama Karpus. Kota itu berbeda dari wilayah Troad yang lebih luas. Kisah-kisah ini berasal dari dokumen berbeda dan tidak dengan sendirinya memastikan satu urutan kunjungan lengkap. Titik yang mewakili kota tidak dapat menentukan ruang pertemuan atau pelabuhan tertentu.", "anchors": [ { "id": "macedonian-crossing", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 16:8-11", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "later-gathering", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 20:5-12", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "corinthian-notice", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Corinthians 2:12-13", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "timothy-notice", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Timothy 4:13", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "550434; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/550434/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "acts-journey-settings", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "macedonian-crossing", "later-gathering" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menempatkan Paulus di Troas sebelum penyeberangan menuju Makedonia dan kemudian mengisahkan pertemuan di sana yang melibatkan Eutikhus.", "limit": "Latar tingkat kota tidak mengidentifikasi pelabuhan, bangunan, atau ruangan yang tepat, dan kota harus tetap dibedakan dari wilayah Troad yang lebih luas." }, { "id": "separate-letter-notices", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "corinthian-notice", "timothy-notice" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "2 Korintus menggambarkan pelayanan dan kekhawatiran tentang Titus di Troas; 2 Timotius merujuk kepada barang milik yang ditinggalkan di sana bersama Karpus.", "limit": "Bagian-bagian itu tidak memberikan urutan atau jumlah kunjungan lengkap, dan rujukan dalam 2 Timotius tidak memastikan kepengarangan surat itu." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.troas", "aliases": [ "Troas", "Alexandria Troas" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:8", "ACT 16:11", "ACT 20:5", "ACT 20:6", "2CO 2:12", "2TI 4:13" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:9", "ACT 16:10", "ACT 20:7", "ACT 20:9", "ACT 20:12" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "550434", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "independent-pleiades-troas" }, { "scheme": "wikidata", "id": "Q1393407", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "independent-wikidata-troas" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": "troas", "geometry": { "latitude": 39.751699149014044, "longitude": 26.1575573012968, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "acts-journey-settings" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "2-corinthians", "2-timothy" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-troas" }, { "id": "berea", "name": "Berea", "summary": "Berea, yang juga dieja Beroea dalam sumber, adalah kota Makedonia tempat Kisah Para Rasul menempatkan Paulus dan Silas setelah keberangkatan dari Tesalonika. Kisah itu menggambarkan pemeriksaan saksama atas pesan mereka, perlawanan dari orang-orang yang datang dari Tesalonika, serta keberangkatan Paulus menuju Athena. Kisah Para Rasul kemudian mengaitkan Sopater dengan Berea dalam daftar rekan perjalanan. Hubungannya dengan kota tidak melaporkan kunjungan tambahan Paulus atau memastikan tempat lahirnya. Titik peta yang mewakili kota tidak dapat mengidentifikasi rumah ibadat atau tempat pertemuan tertentu.", "anchors": [ { "id": "acts-visit", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 17:10-15", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "sopater-origin", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 20:4", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "491546; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/491546/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-visit-and-departure", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "acts-visit" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul melaporkan Paulus dan Silas tiba di Berea, menggambarkan penerimaan pesan dan perlawanan, serta mengisahkan keberangkatan Paulus menuju Athena.", "limit": "Ini merupakan laporan peran kota dalam narasi. Keterangan itu tidak mengidentifikasi rumah ibadat tertentu yang masih ada atau tempat pertemuan lain." }, { "id": "sopater-association", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "sopater-origin" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul mengaitkan Sopater dalam rombongan perjalanan dengan Berea.", "limit": "Keterangan asal-usul tidak memastikan tempat lahir, menciptakan kunjungan lain Paulus, atau menyelesaikan identitas orang-orang bernama serupa di tempat lain." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.berea", "aliases": [ "Beroea", "Berea" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 17:10", "ACT 17:13", "ACT 20:4" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 17:11", "ACT 17:12", "ACT 17:14", "ACT 17:15" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "491546", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "independent-pleiades-berea" }, { "scheme": "wikidata", "id": "Q15712213", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "independent-wikidata-berea" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": "berea", "geometry": { "latitude": 40.52212666666667, "longitude": 22.201492666666667, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-visit-and-departure" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-berea" }, { "id": "athens", "name": "Athena", "summary": "Athena adalah kota tempat Kisah Para Rasul menempatkan Paulus ketika menunggu para rekannya, membahas pesannya, dan berpidato kepada pendengar yang berkaitan dengan Areopagus. 1 Tesalonika juga mengingat tinggal di Athena sementara Timotius diutus kepada para penerima. Surat dan Kisah Para Rasul memberikan kisah terpisah; kesamaan latar tidak menyelesaikan setiap rincian hubungannya. Rujukan Areopagus menyisakan pertanyaan tentang latar pidato Paulus, dan titik yang mewakili Athena tidak dapat mengidentifikasi tempat tepatnya atau batas kota kuno.", "anchors": [ { "id": "acts-city-setting", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 17:15-34", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "departure", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 18:1", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "letter-setting", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "1 Thessalonians 3:1-2", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "579885; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/579885/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "acts-city-setting", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "acts-city-setting", "departure" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menempatkan Paulus di Athena untuk pembahasan dan pidato yang berkaitan dengan Areopagus sebelum keberangkatan ke Korintus.", "limit": "Latar kota tidak memutuskan persoalan Areopagus sebagai situs atau dewan, atau mengidentifikasi lokasi pidato yang tepat." }, { "id": "letter-setting", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "letter-setting" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "1 Tesalonika mengingat tinggal di Athena dan mengutus Timotius kepada para penerima.", "limit": "Surat itu tidak menggambarkan semua perpindahan yang ditemukan dalam Kisah Para Rasul atau menjelaskan bagaimana kedua kisah saling berkaitan." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.athens", "aliases": [ "Athens" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 17:15", "ACT 17:16", "ACT 17:22", "ACT 18:1", "1TH 3:1" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 17:17", "ACT 17:18", "ACT 17:19", "ACT 17:21", "ACT 17:23", "ACT 17:34" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "579885", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "independent-pleiades-athens" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": "athens", "geometry": { "latitude": 37.97164747289856, "longitude": 23.723954796773654, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "acts-city-setting" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "1-thessalonians" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-athens" }, { "id": "achaia", "name": "Akhaya", "summary": "Akhaya muncul sebagai sebutan wilayah dalam Kisah Para Rasul dan beberapa surat Paulus. Kisah Para Rasul menempatkan pemerintahan Galio di sana dan kemudian memasukkan Akhaya dalam rencana perjalanan Paulus. Surat-surat mengaitkan wilayah itu dengan komunitas orang percaya, orang-orang yang bertobat sejak awal, dan dukungan bagi Yerusalem. Keterangan ini menggambarkan berbagai hubungan: yurisdiksi pejabat, perjalanan yang diusulkan, dan hubungan antarjemaat. Rujukan wilayah tidak mengidentifikasi kota tertentu atau memastikan kunjungan pada setiap penyebutan.", "anchors": [ { "id": "administration", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 18:12", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "journey-plan", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 19:21", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "collection", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Romans 15:26", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "regional-audience", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Corinthians 1:1", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "administrative-context", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "administration" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul mengidentifikasi Galio dengan pemerintahan Akhaya dalam kisah proses terhadap Paulus.", "limit": "Sebutan wilayah itu tidak dengan sendirinya merinci batas provinsi atau mengubah setiap rujukan Akhaya menjadi lokasi Paulus." }, { "id": "planned-journey", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "journey-plan" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul memasukkan Akhaya dalam rencana Paulus yang dinyatakan untuk bepergian melalui Makedonia sebelum menuju Yerusalem.", "limit": "Rencana berbeda dari laporan kedatangan atau penyelesaian." }, { "id": "church-connections", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "collection", "regional-audience" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Roma mengaitkan Akhaya dengan sumbangan bagi Yerusalem, dan 2 Korintus menyapa orang percaya di luar Korintus di seluruh Akhaya.", "limit": "Hubungan komunitas ini tidak memberikan rangkaian perjalanan lengkap atau menjadikan setiap rujukan wilayah sebagai rujukan kepada Korintus." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.achaia", "aliases": [ "Achaia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 18:12", "ACT 18:27", "ACT 19:21", "ROM 15:26", "ROM 16:5", "1CO 16:15", "2CO 1:1", "2CO 9:2", "2CO 11:10", "1TH 1:7", "1TH 1:8" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "intended", "claimId": "planned-journey" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "romans", "1-corinthians", "2-corinthians", "1-thessalonians" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-achaia" }, { "id": "adramyttium", "name": "Adramitium", "summary": "Adramitium masuk ke dalam pelayaran ke Italia melalui deskripsi kapal. Kisah Para Rasul menyatakan bahwa rombongan perjalanan menaiki kapal yang dikaitkan dengan Adramitium dan bermaksud berlayar menyusuri pesisir provinsi Asia. Karena itu, nama tersebut mengidentifikasi hubungan geografis kapal, bukan persinggahan Paulus di kota itu yang dicatat. Bagian itu tidak menggambarkan perpindahan kapal sebelumnya atau memastikan bahwa para penumpang bepergian ke Adramitium.", "anchors": [ { "id": "ship-description", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:2", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "550403; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/550403/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "ship-provenance", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "ship-description" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menggambarkan kapal pertama dalam bagian pelayaran ini sebagai kapal dari Adramitium.", "limit": "Keterkaitan geografis kapal tidak memastikan kunjungan Paulus ke kota terkait atau membuktikan tempat kapal dibangun." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.adramyttium", "aliases": [ "Adramyttium" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:2" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "550403", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b02-pleiades-550403" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 39.49864002906597, "longitude": 26.936097559391023, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-adramyttium" }, { "id": "adriatic-sea", "name": "Laut Adria", "summary": "Laut Adria adalah latar laut yang disebut namanya dalam kisah badai Kisah Para Rasul 27. Penyebutannya berada dalam masa ketika kapal telah terombang-ambing di laut dan para pelaut mulai menduga adanya daratan di dekat mereka. Penggunaan kuno nama laut itu tidak harus sesuai dengan batas Laut Adriatik modern. Nama tersebut memberikan latar luas bagi pelayaran, sementara lintasan dan posisi tepat kapal tetap tidak pasti.", "anchors": [ { "id": "storm-location", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:27-29", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "storm-setting", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "storm-location" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menempatkan kapal yang didorong badai di Laut Adria ketika para pelaut menduga daratan sudah dekat.", "limit": "Sebutan laut kuno itu bukan posisi yang tepat dan tidak dengan sendirinya menentukan rute kapal dalam geografi modern." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Adriatic Sea", "Adriatic" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:27" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:28", "ACT 27:29" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "water", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-adriatic-sea" }, { "id": "alexandria", "name": "Aleksandria", "summary": "Aleksandria dikaitkan dengan orang dan kapal dalam Kisah Para Rasul. Apolos menerima sebutan asal Aleksandria, sementara dua kapal dalam perjalanan menuju Italia secara eksplisit dikaitkan dengan Aleksandria. Ini merupakan jenis bukti yang berbeda: asal seseorang dan sebutan geografis kapal. Tidak satu pun keterangan melaporkan Paulus bepergian ke Aleksandria. Keterkaitan kota itu juga tetap dibedakan dari Troas, yang termasuk bagian lain narasi.", "anchors": [ { "id": "apollos-origin", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 18:24", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "myra-ship", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:5-6", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "later-ship", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 28:11", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "727070; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/727070/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "ship-connections", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "myra-ship", "later-ship" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul mengaitkan kapal yang ditemukan perwira serta kapal kemudian yang digunakan setelah musim dingin dengan Aleksandria.", "limit": "Deskripsi kapal ini tidak memastikan kunjungan Paulus ke Aleksandria, dan tidak menggambarkan tahap pelayaran yang sama." }, { "id": "apollos-origin", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "apollos-origin" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul memberikan kepada Apolos sebutan asal Aleksandria.", "limit": "Kata sifat itu merupakan keterkaitan asal-usul, bukan kemunculan harfiah nama kota atau laporan perpindahan Paulus." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.alexandria", "aliases": [ "Alexandria" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:6", "ACT 28:11" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 18:24", "ACT 27:5" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "727070", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b02-pleiades-727070" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 31.201435, "longitude": 29.909773, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-alexandria" }, { "id": "amphipolis", "name": "Amfipolis", "summary": "Amfipolis muncul dalam Kisah Para Rasul sebagai tempat yang dilewati dalam perjalanan ke Tesalonika. Narasi menyebut Amfipolis dan Apolonia bersama sebelum beralih kepada rumah ibadat serta peristiwa di Tesalonika. Kisah itu tidak memberikan uraian tersendiri tentang pengajaran, penginapan, atau durasi tinggal di Amfipolis. Karena itu, rujukan tersebut mendukung perjalanan melewati tempat yang dilaporkan, sambil membiarkan rincian perjalanan dan kegiatan setempat tidak digambarkan.", "anchors": [ { "id": "route", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 17:1", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "501347; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/501347/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-passage", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "route" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menyebut Amfipolis di antara tempat-tempat yang dilewati rombongan perjalanan sebelum mencapai Tesalonika.", "limit": "Melewati tempat tidak memastikan persinggahan untuk memberitakan Injil, jemaat setempat, atau durasi tinggal tertentu." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.amphipolis", "aliases": [ "Amphipolis" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 17:1" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "501347", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b02-pleiades-501347" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 40.82581148078865, "longitude": 23.841579432345075, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-amphipolis" }, { "id": "antioch", "name": "Antiokhia di Siria", "summary": "Antiokhia di Siria merupakan latar komunitas utama dalam Kisah Para Rasul: Barnabas dan Saulus mengajar di sana, para pekerja diutus, dan para pelancong kembali untuk melapor kepada jemaat. Galatia juga menempatkan perselisihan yang melibatkan Petrus dan makan bersama di Antiokhia. Kota ini dibedakan dari Antiokhia yang dikaitkan dengan Pisidia dalam keterangan perjalanan lain. Kesamaan nama tidak membuat kota-kota itu dapat dipertukarkan, dan keterangan tersebut tidak menyelesaikan setiap usulan hubungan antara Kisah Para Rasul dan Galatia.", "anchors": [ { "id": "community", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 11:26", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "commission", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 13:1-3", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "return", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 14:26-28", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "meal-dispute", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Galatians 2:11-14", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "658381; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/658381/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "teaching-community", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "community" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menggambarkan Barnabas dan Saulus mengajar dalam komunitas Antiokhia selama waktu yang panjang.", "limit": "Keterangan komunitas ini menyangkut Antiokhia di Siria, bukan Antiokhia yang dikaitkan dengan Pisidia dalam narasi perjalanan kemudian." }, { "id": "sending-and-return", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "commission", "return" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menampilkan Antiokhia sebagai komunitas yang darinya Barnabas dan Saulus diutus dan yang kepadanya mereka kembali membawa laporan.", "limit": "Kisah itu memastikan peran komunitas dalam narasi ini; kisah tersebut tidak memberikan rangkaian perjalanan lengkap bagi setiap perjalanan dari Antiokhia." }, { "id": "galatians-encounter", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "meal-dispute" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Galatia menempatkan teguran Paulus kepada Petrus tentang makan bersama di Antiokhia.", "limit": "Rujukan itu tidak dengan sendirinya menentukan waktu pertemuan dalam kaitannya dengan peristiwa sidang dan perjalanan dalam Kisah Para Rasul." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.antioch", "aliases": [ "Antioch" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 11:19", "ACT 11:20", "ACT 11:22", "ACT 11:26", "ACT 11:27", "ACT 13:1", "ACT 14:26", "ACT 15:22", "ACT 15:23", "ACT 15:30", "ACT 15:35", "ACT 18:22", "GAL 2:11" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 13:2", "ACT 13:3", "ACT 14:27", "ACT 14:28", "GAL 2:12", "GAL 2:13", "GAL 2:14" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "658381", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b02-pleiades-658381" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 36.2158868, "longitude": 36.17684236666667, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [ "galatians" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-antioch" }, { "id": "antipatris", "name": "Antipatris", "summary": "Antipatris adalah tahap bernama dalam pemindahan militer Paulus dari Yerusalem menuju Kaisarea. Kisah Para Rasul melaporkan bahwa para prajurit membawanya ke sana pada malam hari, sebelum pengawalan berubah pada hari berikutnya. Bagian itu memberikan keterangan perpindahan eksplisit yang melibatkan Paulus, bukan kesimpulan dari tempat lahir seseorang atau surat kemudian. Keterangan itu tidak menggambarkan kunjungan pelayanan, jalur rute yang tepat, atau lokasi penginapan semalam.", "anchors": [ { "id": "escort-stage", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 23:31-33", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "687996; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/687996/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "escorted-arrival", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "escort-stage" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul melaporkan bahwa para prajurit membawa Paulus ke Antipatris selama pemindahan malam dan bahwa pengawalan berlanjut menuju Kaisarea.", "limit": "Ini merupakan tahap penahanan yang dilaporkan, bukan persinggahan pelayanan atau lokasi bermalam yang ditentukan secara independen." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Antipatris" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 23:31" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 23:32", "ACT 23:33" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "687996", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b02-pleiades-687996" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 32.10523666672457, "longitude": 34.93097367038177, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "escorted-arrival" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-antipatris" }, { "id": "apollonia", "name": "Apolonia", "summary": "Apolonia disebut bersama Amfipolis dalam keterangan perjalanan menuju Tesalonika. Kisah Para Rasul memberikan tempat-tempat ini sebagai tahap yang dilewati sebelum kisah lebih lengkap tentang peristiwa di Tesalonika. Konteks rute penting ketika mengidentifikasi permukiman yang dimaksud nama itu. Keterangan ini tidak menggambarkan misi setempat, penginapan semalam, atau pertemuan terpisah di Apolonia, dan tidak memberikan posisi tepat permukimannya.", "anchors": [ { "id": "route", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 17:1", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "route-context", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "route" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menempatkan Apolonia setelah Amfipolis dalam perjalanan rombongan menuju Tesalonika.", "limit": "Konteks rute membantu mengidentifikasi permukiman yang dimaksud, tetapi situs yang tepat memerlukan bukti geografis lebih lanjut." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.apollonia", "aliases": [ "Apollonia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 17:1" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-apollonia" }, { "id": "arabia", "name": "Arab", "summary": "Arab muncul dalam dua latar berbeda dalam Galatia. Pembicara pertama-tama melaporkan pergi ke Arab sebelum kembali ke Damsyik. Kemudian, Arab muncul dalam perbandingan yang melibatkan Sinai, Hagar, dan Yerusalem. Keterangan perjalanan tidak memberikan tujuan tepat dalam wilayah tersebut, sementara argumen berikutnya menggunakan nama geografis itu untuk tujuan lain. Kedua kemunculan tidak boleh digunakan untuk memastikan cakupan wilayah yang identik atau perjalanan ke Sinai.", "anchors": [ { "id": "journey", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Galatians 1:17", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "comparison", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Galatians 4:24-26", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-journey", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "journey" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Pembicara Galatia melaporkan pergi ke Arab dan kemudian kembali ke Damsyik.", "limit": "Kisah itu tidak mengidentifikasi tempat yang dikunjungi dalam Arab, rute yang ditempuh, atau kunjungan ke Sinai." }, { "id": "sinai-comparison", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "comparison" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Galatia mengaitkan Sinai dengan Arab dalam perbandingannya tentang Hagar dan Yerusalem.", "limit": "Penggunaan ini merupakan bagian dari argumen surat dan tidak secara independen menentukan lokasi perjalanan sebelumnya atau menyelesaikan batas wilayah Arab." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.arabia", "aliases": [ "Arabia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "GAL 1:17", "GAL 4:25" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "GAL 4:24", "GAL 4:26" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-journey" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "galatians" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-arabia" }, { "id": "areopagus", "name": "Areopagus", "summary": "Areopagus adalah nama yang dikaitkan dengan pertemuan Paulus di Athena dalam Kisah Para Rasul. Narasi menggambarkan pertanyaan tentang pengajarannya, lalu memperkenalkan pidatonya. Nama itu dapat merujuk kepada situs fisik atau dewan, sehingga kemunculan-kemunculan ini tidak dengan sendirinya memastikan tempat tepat pidato disampaikan. Konteks publik di kota itu jelas, sementara hubungan antara lembaga yang mendengarkan penjelasan dan lokasi fisiknya tetap tidak pasti.", "anchors": [ { "id": "hearing", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 17:16-19", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "address", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 17:22", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "narrative-designation", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "hearing", "address" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menggunakan nama Areopagus ketika memperkenalkan pertanyaan tentang pengajaran Paulus dan pidato yang menyusul.", "limit": "Nama itu saja tidak menyelesaikan apakah setiap kemunculan menunjuk situs, dewan, atau pertemuan yang berkaitan dengan keduanya." }, { "id": "referent-uncertainty", "claimType": "interpretive", "epistemicStatus": "debated", "confidence": "debated", "supports": [ "hearing", "address" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [ "physical-site", "council" ], "statement": "Pembacaan situs fisik dan pembacaan dewan tetap merupakan penjelasan berbeda atas sebutan Areopagus.", "limit": "Tidak satu pun pembacaan, berdasarkan rujukan ini saja, memastikan lokasi pidato yang tepat." } ], "alternatives": [ { "id": "physical-site", "supports": [ "hearing", "address" ], "qualifies": [], "label": "Pembacaan situs fisik", "statement": "Nama itu mengidentifikasi tempat fisik yang berkaitan dengan pertemuan." }, { "id": "council", "supports": [ "hearing", "address" ], "qualifies": [], "label": "Pembacaan dewan", "statement": "Nama itu mengidentifikasi dewan atau lembaga yang mendengarkan penjelasan, tanpa menentukan lokasi tepat pidato." } ], "protectedEntityId": "place.areopagus", "aliases": [ "Areopagus" ], "namedVerseKeys": [], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 17:16", "ACT 17:19", "ACT 17:22" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "site", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-areopagus" }, { "id": "asia-province", "name": "Asia", "summary": "Nama Asia dalam bagian-bagian ini merupakan sebutan provinsi Romawi, bukan benua modern. Kisah Para Rasul menggunakan nama itu dalam kisah pemberitaan, pengaturan perjalanan, asal-usul wilayah, dan perlawanan. Surat-surat juga merujuk kepada jemaat serta pengalaman yang dikaitkan dengan provinsi Asia. Penggunaan ini tidak semuanya merupakan keterangan perpindahan. Secara khusus, larangan memberitakan dalam Kisah Para Rasul 16 berbeda dari kisah kemudian tentang kegiatan Paulus di provinsi itu dan tidak menyiratkan bahwa setiap rujukan mencatat kunjungan.", "anchors": [ { "id": "preaching-restriction", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 16:6", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "reported-arrival", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 20:17-18", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "churches", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "1 Corinthians 16:19", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "981509; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/981509/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "preaching-restriction", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "preaching-restriction" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul melaporkan larangan menyampaikan pesan di provinsi Asia selama tahap perjalanan ini.", "limit": "Larangan itu menyangkut pemberitaan; ayat ini tidak menyatakan bahwa memasuki seluruh provinsi dilarang." }, { "id": "later-activity", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "reported-arrival" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Dalam pidato kepada para penatua Efesus, Paulus mengingat kedatangannya di provinsi Asia dan perilakunya di antara mereka.", "limit": "Ini merupakan keterangan pidato tentang kegiatannya, bukan bukti bahwa setiap keterangan asal-usul atau komunitas provinsi Asia menandai lokasi yang dikunjungi Paulus." }, { "id": "regional-churches", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "churches" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "1 Korintus menyampaikan salam dari jemaat-jemaat yang dikaitkan dengan provinsi Asia.", "limit": "Sebutan jemaat wilayah itu tidak merinci lokasi mereka atau memastikan kehadiran Paulus dalam setiap komunitas." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.asia-province", "aliases": [ "Asia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:6", "ACT 19:10", "ACT 19:22", "ACT 19:26", "ACT 19:27", "ACT 20:4", "ACT 20:16", "ACT 20:18", "ACT 21:27", "ACT 24:18", "ACT 27:2", "1CO 16:19", "2CO 1:8", "2TI 1:15" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 20:17" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "981509", "targetKind": "province", "receiptId": "r2-b02-pleiades-981509" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "province", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 38.46072215674155, "longitude": 27.776104819835428, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "later-activity" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "1-corinthians", "2-corinthians", "2-timothy" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-asia-province" }, { "id": "assos", "name": "Asos", "summary": "Asos adalah titik pertemuan dalam Kisah Para Rasul tempat Paulus bergabung kembali dengan rekan-rekan yang bepergian menggunakan kapal. Keterangan sebelumnya membedakan pelayaran mereka dari rencana Paulus untuk menempuh darat, dan ayat berikutnya melaporkan pertemuan serta naiknya ia ke kapal. Karena itu, bagian tersebut menawarkan lebih dari tujuan yang direncanakan: narasi mengisahkan pertemuan. Keterangan itu tidak mengidentifikasi jalan tepat yang digunakan Paulus atau tempat tepat dalam Asos saat ia menemui kapal.", "anchors": [ { "id": "travel-arrangement", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 20:13-14", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "550463; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/550463/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-rendezvous", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "travel-arrangement" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul membedakan rencana perjalanan darat Paulus dari pelayaran para rekannya, lalu melaporkan bahwa mereka bertemu di Asos dan membawanya naik kapal.", "limit": "Pertemuan yang dilaporkan tidak merinci rute darat atau titik naik kapal yang tepat." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.assos", "aliases": [ "Assos" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 20:13", "ACT 20:14" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "550463", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b02-pleiades-550463" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 39.49013546086826, "longitude": 26.336351701762013, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-rendezvous" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-assos" }, { "id": "attalia", "name": "Atalia", "summary": "Atalia muncul menjelang akhir perjalanan kembali yang dikisahkan dalam Kisah Para Rasul 14. Setelah laporan berbicara di Perga, para pelancong mencapai Atalia lalu berlayar menuju Antiokhia. Keterangan itu memberikan peran kepada Atalia dalam perjalanan yang dilaporkan, sementara hanya sedikit menyatakan kegiatan dalam permukiman. Keterangan tersebut tidak menggambarkan jemaat setempat, durasi tinggal, atau fasilitas pelabuhan tepat yang digunakan untuk keberangkatan.", "anchors": [ { "id": "return-journey", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 14:24-26", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "638778; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/638778/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "arrival-and-departure", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "return-journey" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul melaporkan bahwa para pelancong mencapai Atalia setelah Perga dan berlayar dari sana menuju Antiokhia.", "limit": "Keterangan perjalanan itu tidak memastikan pelayanan setempat, durasi tinggal, atau lokasi pelabuhan yang tepat." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.attalia", "aliases": [ "Attalia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 14:25" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 14:24", "ACT 14:26" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "638778", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b02-pleiades-638778" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 36.8903095, "longitude": 30.699968, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-attalia" }, { "id": "azotus", "name": "Asdod", "summary": "Asdod termasuk dalam kisah Filipus di Kisah Para Rasul, setelah pertemuannya dengan pelancong Etiopia. Narasi selanjutnya menempatkan Filipus di Asdod dan menggambarkan pemberitaannya melalui kota-kota menuju Kaisarea. Ini merupakan keterangan tempat eksplisit tentang Filipus, bukan episode dalam rangkaian perjalanan Paulus. Keterangan itu tidak memberikan uraian tersendiri tentang komunitas di Asdod, durasi tinggal Filipus, atau lokasi tepat kemunculannya.", "anchors": [ { "id": "philip-route", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 8:39-40", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "philip-notice", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "philip-route" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menempatkan Filipus di Asdod sebelum menggambarkan pemberitaannya melalui kota-kota dalam perjalanan ke Kaisarea.", "limit": "Keterangan itu menyangkut Filipus dan tidak memastikan kunjungan Paulus ke Asdod." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Azotus" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 8:40" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 8:39" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-azotus" }, { "id": "bithynia", "name": "Bitinia", "summary": "Bitinia muncul dalam Kisah Para Rasul sebagai tujuan yang dicoba dicapai selama perpindahan rombongan di dekat Misia. Kisah menyatakan bahwa mereka tidak diizinkan masuk, dan narasi berlanjut menuju Troas. Rujukan itu mencatat niat serta kendala, bukan kedatangan di Bitinia. Keterangan tersebut tidak mengidentifikasi kota tertentu yang ingin dicapai para pelancong, titik perubahan arah, atau batas wilayah yang tepat.", "anchors": [ { "id": "attempted-entry", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 16:7-8", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "511189; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/511189/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "blocked-intention", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "attempted-entry" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menggambarkan upaya masuk ke Bitinia yang tidak diizinkan, disusul perpindahan menuju Troas.", "limit": "Tujuan yang direncanakan tidak boleh diperlakukan sebagai kunjungan yang telah selesai atau pertemuan di perbatasan yang ditentukan lokasinya secara tepat." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.bithynia", "aliases": [ "Bithynia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:7" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:8" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "511189", "targetKind": "region", "receiptId": "r2-b02-pleiades-511189" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 40.562857811901765, "longitude": 30.72017621181448, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "intended", "claimId": "blocked-intention" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-bithynia" }, { "id": "canaan", "name": "Kanaan", "summary": "Kanaan disebut dalam tinjauan sejarah pada pidato Paulus di rumah ibadat dalam Kisah Para Rasul 13. Pidato itu mengaitkan wilayah tersebut dengan pemindahan bangsa-bangsa sebelumnya dan pembagian tanah kepada Israel. Perannya di sini merupakan bagian dari kisah retrospektif masa lalu Israel, bukan tahap perjalanan Paulus. Rujukan itu tidak menjabarkan batas Kanaan atau memastikan lokasi peristiwa-peristiwa yang digambarkan dalam wilayah tersebut.", "anchors": [ { "id": "historical-review", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 13:17-20", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "retrospective-region", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "historical-review" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Pidato Paulus dalam Kisah Para Rasul menyebut Kanaan dalam kisah permukiman awal Israel dan pewarisan tanah.", "limit": "Ini mencatat kisah sejarah dalam pidato; keterangan itu tidak secara independen memverifikasi peristiwa tersebut atau memastikan kunjungan Paulus ke Kanaan." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Canaan" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 13:19" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 13:17", "ACT 13:18", "ACT 13:20" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-canaan" }, { "id": "cenchreae", "name": "Kengkrea", "summary": "Kengkrea muncul dalam narasi keberangkatan di Kisah Para Rasul dan rekomendasi Roma bagi Febe. Kisah Para Rasul menyebut tempat itu dalam kaitan dengan nazar dan perjalanan menuju Siria, sementara Roma mengaitkan Febe dengan jemaatnya. Keterangan ini menggambarkan hubungan berbeda dan tidak harus berasal dari kesempatan yang sama. Keterangan tersebut tidak dengan sendirinya menentukan orang yang bertanggung jawab atas setiap tindakan dalam kisah keberangkatan atau mengidentifikasi latar tepat komunitas.", "anchors": [ { "id": "departure-context", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 18:18", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "phoebe-community", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Romans 16:1-2", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "570347; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/570347/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "departure-context", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "departure-context" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menyebut Kengkrea dalam kisah keberangkatan Paulus menuju Siria dan tindakan yang berkaitan dengan nazar.", "limit": "Keterangan tempat itu tidak mengharuskan penyelesaian persoalan rujukan kata ganti yang diperdebatkan tentang pemotongan rambut dan nazar." }, { "id": "phoebe-community", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "phoebe-community" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Roma merekomendasikan Febe dan mengaitkannya dengan jemaat di Kengkrea.", "limit": "Keterkaitan komunitas ini berbeda dari narasi keberangkatan dan tidak memastikan kunjungan baru Paulus." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.cenchreae", "aliases": [ "Cenchreae" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 18:18", "ROM 16:1" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ROM 16:2" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "570347", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b02-pleiades-570347" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 37.88239, "longitude": 22.992532, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [ "romans" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-cenchreae" }, { "id": "chios", "name": "Kios", "summary": "Kios adalah penanda geografis bernama dalam pelayaran pesisir yang digambarkan Kisah Para Rasul 20. Para pelancong mencapai posisi berhadapan dengan Kios sebelum narasi berlanjut menuju Samos dan Miletus. Ungkapannya menandai perjalanan melewati pulau, bukan pendaratan di sana yang dikisahkan. Keterangan itu tidak mengidentifikasi tempat berlabuh, kota yang dikunjungi di Kios, atau jarak tepat kapal dari pesisir, serta tidak memberikan kisah pertemuan atau pelayanan setempat.", "anchors": [ { "id": "coastal-passage", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 20:15", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "550497; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/550497/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "offshore-passage", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "coastal-passage" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul melaporkan bahwa kapal mencapai posisi berhadapan dengan Kios selama pelayaran selanjutnya.", "limit": "Posisi di lepas pantai tidak memastikan pendaratan, kunjungan ke kota tertentu, atau lintasan pelayaran yang tepat." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.chios", "aliases": [ "Chios" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 20:15" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "550497", "targetKind": "island", "receiptId": "r2-b02-pleiades-550497" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "island", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 38.38363822562521, "longitude": 26.014242444030867, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-chios" }, { "id": "cilicia", "name": "Kilikia", "summary": "Kilikia adalah sebutan wilayah yang digunakan dengan beberapa cara berbeda dalam Kisah Para Rasul dan Galatia. Kisah Para Rasul memasukkannya dalam surat komunitas, perjalanan melalui jemaat-jemaat, deskripsi hubungan Paulus dengan Tarsus, serta pelayaran pesisir. Galatia juga melaporkan perpindahan ke wilayah Siria dan Kilikia. Nama wilayah harus tetap dibedakan dari kota Tarsus, dan rujukan tempat lahir atau pesisir tidak mengubah setiap kemunculan menjadi kunjungan terpisah.", "anchors": [ { "id": "church-journey", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 15:40-41", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "tarsus-identification", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 21:39", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "coastal-voyage", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:5", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "letter-journey", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Galatians 1:21", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "658440; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/658440/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "regional-travel", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "church-journey", "letter-journey" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menggambarkan perjalanan melalui Kilikia dalam kaitan dengan penguatan jemaat, sementara Galatia melaporkan perpindahan ke wilayah Siria dan Kilikia.", "limit": "Ini merupakan keterangan narasi dan surat yang berbeda; kesamaan nama wilayah tidak memberikan rute tepat atau secara otomatis menyelaraskan waktunya." }, { "id": "city-region-distinction", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "tarsus-identification" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul mengidentifikasi Tarsus melalui keterkaitannya dengan Kilikia.", "limit": "Keterangan wilayah itu tidak menjadikan Tarsus dan Kilikia subjek geografis yang sama." }, { "id": "coastal-reference", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "coastal-voyage" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menyebut Kilikia dalam deskripsi perairan yang dilintasi sebelum pelayaran mencapai Mira.", "limit": "Rujukan pelayaran pesisir tidak memastikan pendaratan di Kilikia atau kunjungan ke permukiman tanpa nama." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.cilicia", "aliases": [ "Cilicia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 15:23", "ACT 15:41", "ACT 21:39", "ACT 22:3", "ACT 23:34", "ACT 27:5", "GAL 1:21" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 15:40" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "658440", "targetKind": "region", "receiptId": "r2-b02-pleiades-658440" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 36.58645514246619, "longitude": 33.910580483222674, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "regional-travel" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "galatians" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-cilicia" }, { "id": "clauda", "name": "Kauda", "summary": "Kauda adalah pulau kecil yang disebut dalam pelayaran berbadai pada Kisah Para Rasul 27. Narasi menggambarkan kapal melewati sisi terlindungnya dan awak kapal berjuang mengamankan sekoci, disusul tindakan lanjutan untuk melindungi kapal. Pulau itu berfungsi sebagai rujukan geografis dalam keadaan darurat di laut. Bagian tersebut tidak melaporkan pendaratan di Kauda atau memberikan jalur, tempat berlabuh, atau lokasi kapal terhadap pesisir secara tepat.", "anchors": [ { "id": "island-shelter", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:16-17", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "sheltered-passage", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "island-shelter" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menyebut Kauda sebagai pulau kecil yang di sisinya awak kapal memperoleh perlindungan dan mengamankan sekoci selama badai.", "limit": "Perlindungan di sisi pulau tidak memastikan pendaratan atau menentukan posisi kapal yang tepat." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Clauda" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:16" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:17" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "island", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-clauda" }, { "id": "cnidus", "name": "Knidus", "summary": "Knidus muncul sebagai rujukan pesisir dalam pelayaran sulit menuju Italia. Kisah Para Rasul menggambarkan kapal mencapai posisi berhadapan dengan Knidus sebelum angin yang tidak mendukung mengarahkan para pelancong menuju Kreta. Keterangan itu menyangkut posisi kapal dan perubahan arah, bukan kedatangan di kota. Keterangan tersebut tidak memastikan pendaratan, kegiatan setempat, atau hubungan tepat antara permukiman bernama, tanjungnya, dan posisi kapal di lepas pantai.", "anchors": [ { "id": "coastal-position", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:7-8", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "599575; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/599575/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "offshore-reference", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "coastal-position" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menempatkan kapal berhadapan dengan Knidus sebelum rute berlanjut menuju Kreta dalam keadaan angin yang sulit.", "limit": "Deskripsi lepas pantai tidak melaporkan pendaratan di Knidus atau mengidentifikasi titik tepat di sisi kota maupun tanjung." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.cnidus", "aliases": [ "Cnidus" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:7" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:8" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "599575", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b03-pleiades-599575" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 36.688179500000004, "longitude": 27.3728385, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-cnidus" }, { "id": "colossae", "name": "Kolose", "summary": "Kolose adalah kota yang disebut dalam sapaan surat Kolose. Surat itu menggambarkan iman para penerima, menghubungkan pengajaran yang mereka terima dengan Epafras, dan kemudian mengaitkan komunitas mereka dengan komunitas lain melalui salam serta pembacaan surat. Ini merupakan hubungan yang ditampilkan surat, bukan kedatangan Paulus yang dikisahkan. Sapaan dan pembahasan tentang orang-orang yang belum melihat penulis secara pribadi tidak dengan sendirinya menyelesaikan apakah Paulus pernah mengunjungi Kolose.", "anchors": [ { "id": "address-and-epaphras", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Colossians 1:1-8", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "personal-contact", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Colossians 2:1-5", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "community-exchange", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Colossians 4:12-16", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "638811; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/638811/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "addressed-community", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "address-and-epaphras" ], "qualifies": [ "personal-contact" ], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Surat Kolose menyapa komunitas di Kolose dan mengaitkan pengajaran yang diterimanya dengan Epafras.", "limit": "Sapaan dan laporan pengajaran Epafras tidak memastikan kunjungan Paulus, menunjukkan bahwa Epafras mendirikan komunitas, atau menyelesaikan siapa yang menulis surat tersebut." }, { "id": "linked-communities", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "community-exchange" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kolose menghubungkan para penerima dengan Epafras serta komunitas di Laodikia dan Hierapolis, termasuk petunjuk tentang pertukaran surat.", "limit": "Hubungan komunitas tidak membuat kota-kota dapat dipertukarkan atau memastikan satu rangkaian perjalanan yang berkesinambungan." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.colossae", "aliases": [ "Colossae" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "COL 1:2" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "COL 1:4", "COL 1:7", "COL 2:1", "COL 2:5", "COL 4:12", "COL 4:16" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "638811", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b03-pleiades-638811" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 37.78679468617674, "longitude": 29.25992089668405, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [ "colossians" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-colossae" }, { "id": "corinth", "name": "Korintus", "summary": "Korintus adalah latar kota bagi kegiatan Paulus dalam Kisah Para Rasul dan komunitas yang disapa dalam 1 Korintus serta 2 Korintus. Kisah Para Rasul melaporkan kedatangan, pekerjaan, dan pengajarannya, termasuk tinggal selama delapan belas bulan. Surat-surat mempertahankan hubungan, penjelasan, dan niat perjalanan masing-masing. 2 Timotius secara terpisah menempatkan Erastus di Korintus. Keterangan ini tidak boleh disatukan menjadi satu urutan bertanggal, dan rujukan kepada lokasi orang lain tidak memastikan kehadiran Paulus di sana.", "anchors": [ { "id": "acts-stay", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 18:1-11", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "first-address", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "1 Corinthians 1:1-3", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "second-address", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Corinthians 1:1", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "deferred-arrival", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Corinthians 1:23-2:4", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "erastus-location", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Timothy 4:20", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "570182; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/570182/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-stay", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "acts-stay" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul melaporkan Paulus tiba di Korintus, bekerja dan mengajar di sana, serta tinggal selama delapan belas bulan.", "limit": "Ini merupakan durasi dan latar kota dalam narasi, bukan masa tinggal yang diberi tanggal secara independen atau identifikasi rumah yang masih ada." }, { "id": "letter-audiences", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "first-address", "second-address" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "1 Korintus dan 2 Korintus masing-masing menyapa komunitas orang percaya di Korintus.", "limit": "Sapaan-sapaan itu tidak memastikan tempat surat-surat ditulis atau menyelaraskan setiap tahap korespondensi Paulus yang diusulkan." }, { "id": "separate-movement-notices", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "deferred-arrival", "erastus-location" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "2 Korintus menjelaskan mengapa Paulus tidak datang ke Korintus pada kesempatan yang dibahas; 2 Timotius secara terpisah menyatakan bahwa Erastus tetap di sana.", "limit": "Penjelasan itu tidak menyangkal kunjungan sebelumnya. Lokasi Erastus tidak melaporkan kunjungan lain Paulus atau menyamakannya dengan orang-orang lain bernama demikian." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.corinth", "aliases": [ "Corinth" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 18:1", "ACT 19:1", "1CO 1:2", "2CO 1:1", "2CO 1:23", "2TI 4:20" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 18:8", "ACT 18:11", "2CO 1:24", "2CO 2:1", "2CO 6:11" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "570182", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b03-pleiades-570182" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 37.90564164345828, "longitude": 22.878614390874485, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-stay" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "1-corinthians", "2-corinthians", "2-timothy" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-corinth" }, { "id": "cos", "name": "Kos", "summary": "Kos disebut sebagai tempat kedatangan dalam pelayaran setelah perpisahan di dekat Miletus. Kisah Para Rasul lalu menempatkan Rodos dan Patara di sepanjang rute selanjutnya. Keterangan itu memberi tempat tersebut peran dalam perpindahan kapal yang dilaporkan, tanpa menawarkan kisah pertemuan, pelayanan, atau durasi tinggal setempat. Subjek pulau juga harus tetap dibedakan dari pertanyaan lebih tepat tentang kota, pelabuhan, atau titik pesisir mana yang dicapai kapal.", "anchors": [ { "id": "voyage-stop", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 21:1-3", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "599581; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/599581/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-voyage-stop", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "voyage-stop" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul melaporkan rombongan perjalanan mencapai Kos sebelum melanjutkan ke Rodos dan Patara.", "limit": "Kedatangan yang disebut tidak mengidentifikasi pelabuhan tepat, memastikan perjalanan melintasi pulau, atau menggambarkan kegiatan setempat." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.cos", "aliases": [ "Cos" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 21:1" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 21:2" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "599581", "targetKind": "island", "receiptId": "r2-b03-pleiades-599581" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "island", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 36.82289541193156, "longitude": 27.137382777700278, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-voyage-stop" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-cos" }, { "id": "crete", "name": "Kreta", "summary": "Kreta adalah latar pulau bagi sebagian pelayaran dalam Kisah Para Rasul 27 dan latar terpisah dalam Titus. Kisah Para Rasul menggambarkan pelayaran pesisir yang sulit, persinggahan, dan keputusan mencari pelabuhan lain untuk musim dingin. Titus menampilkan pengaturan kepemimpinan komunitas di Kreta. Kedua kisah tidak menjelaskan bagaimana latar-latar ini saling berkaitan. Penggambaran orang Kreta dalam surat merupakan retorika yang diatribusikan, bukan deskripsi independen setiap penduduk atau kemunculan nama tempat yang terpisah.", "anchors": [ { "id": "coastal-voyage", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:7-14", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "voyage-retrospect", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:21", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "titus-arrangements", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Titus 1:5", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "attributed-characterization", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Titus 1:12-14", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-island-setting", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "coastal-voyage", "voyage-retrospect" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menempatkan kapal di sepanjang Kreta, mengisahkan persinggahan dan perdebatan tentang melewatkan musim dingin, serta kemudian menampilkan Paulus mengingat keberangkatan dari pulau itu.", "limit": "Latar pulau tidak menentukan lintasan lepas pantai atau menjadikan setiap rujukan sebagai pendaratan terpisah." }, { "id": "titus-community-setting", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "titus-arrangements" ], "qualifies": [ "attributed-characterization" ], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Surat kepada Titus menggambarkan penulisnya telah meninggalkan Titus di Kreta untuk mengatur kepemimpinan komunitas.", "limit": "Kisah itu tidak memastikan kepengarangan atau tanggal surat, atau menghubungkan pengaturan komunitasnya dengan pelayaran dalam Kisah Para Rasul. Generalisasinya tentang orang Kreta merupakan bagian retorika surat, bukan deskripsi setiap penduduk." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.crete", "aliases": [ "Crete" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:7", "ACT 27:12", "ACT 27:13", "ACT 27:21", "TIT 1:5" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:8", "ACT 27:9", "ACT 27:10", "ACT 27:11", "TIT 1:12", "TIT 1:13" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "island", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-island-setting" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "titus" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-crete" }, { "id": "cyrene", "name": "Kirene", "summary": "Kirene muncul dalam Kisah Para Rasul melalui keterkaitan geografis orang-orang. Beberapa orang yang berkaitan dengan Kirene mengambil bagian dalam perpindahan ke Antiokhia, dan Lukius dikaitkan dengan Kirene dalam daftar pengajar serta nabi di sana. Keterangan ini menempatkan Kirene dalam jaringan komunitas tanpa menggambarkan kunjungan Paulus ke kota itu. Keterkaitan asal-usul tidak memastikan tempat lahir, kewarganegaraan, tempat tinggal tetap, atau rincian perjalanan sebelumnya.", "anchors": [ { "id": "antioch-workers", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 11:19-22", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "lucius-association", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 13:1", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "373778; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/373778/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "people-associations", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "antioch-workers", "lucius-association" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul mengaitkan beberapa orang yang aktif di Antiokhia, termasuk Lukius dalam daftar, dengan Kirene.", "limit": "Keterkaitan nama kota tidak melaporkan kunjungan Paulus, memastikan tempat lahir setiap orang, atau memberikan biografi yang berkesinambungan." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Cyrene" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 11:20", "ACT 13:1" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 11:21" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "373778", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b03-pleiades-373778" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 32.82002662733894, "longitude": 21.856538513413255, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-cyrene" }, { "id": "dalmatia", "name": "Dalmatia", "summary": "Dalmatia disebut dalam keterangan 2 Timotius tentang perpindahan beberapa orang. Surat itu mengaitkan Titus dengan perjalanan ke Dalmatia, dalam bagian yang membedakannya dari Demas dan Kreskes. Keterangan itu tidak memberikan deskripsi kegiatan Titus di sana atau kunjungan Paulus. Keterangan wilayah harus tetap diatribusikan kepada surat dan tidak secara independen menentukan tanggal, kepengarangan, cakupan tepat tujuan, atau durasi tinggal.", "anchors": [ { "id": "titus-movement", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Timothy 4:9-11", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "titus-destination", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "titus-movement" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "2 Timotius melaporkan Titus pergi ke Dalmatia dalam keterangannya tentang perpindahan para rekan.", "limit": "Keterangan itu menyangkut Titus, bukan kedatangan Paulus, dan tidak memberikan pelayanan setempat, durasi tinggal, atau kronologi independen." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Dalmatia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "2TI 4:10" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "2TI 4:9", "2TI 4:11" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [ "2-timothy" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-dalmatia" }, { "id": "egypt", "name": "Mesir", "summary": "Mesir disebut dalam kisah retrospektif masa lalu Israel pada pidato Paulus dalam Kisah Para Rasul 13. Perannya di sana menyangkut masa tinggal dan keberangkatan para leluhur, bukan perjalanan Paulus sendiri. Pertanyaan kemudian menggunakan label identitas Mesir ketika kepala pasukan menanyai Paulus, tetapi pertanyaan itu tidak mengidentifikasinya sebagai orang tersebut. Tidak satu pun penggunaan memberikan kunjungan Paulus ke Mesir, batas negara modern, atau lokasi tepat bagi peristiwa yang diceritakan.", "anchors": [ { "id": "speech-retrospect", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 13:16-20", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "identity-question", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 21:37-39", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "retrospective-region", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "speech-retrospect" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Pidato Paulus dalam Kisah Para Rasul merujuk kepada Mesir dalam kisah para leluhur Israel dan keberangkatan mereka.", "limit": "Ini mencatat kisah pidato, bukan verifikasi independen peristiwa atau perjalanan Paulus." }, { "id": "questioned-identity", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "identity-question" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menampilkan kepala pasukan bertanya apakah Paulus adalah orang Mesir yang berkaitan dengan kerusuhan sebelumnya.", "limit": "Pertanyaan identitas tidak memastikan bahwa Paulus adalah orang tersebut, berasal dari Mesir, atau pernah mengunjungi Mesir." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.egypt", "aliases": [ "Egypt" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 13:17" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 21:38" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-egypt" }, { "id": "ephesus", "name": "Efesus", "summary": "Efesus merupakan latar kota yang berulang dalam Kisah Para Rasul dan beberapa surat. Kisah Para Rasul melaporkan kunjungan serta pengajaran panjang Paulus, sementara keterangan perjalanan kemudian membedakan berlayar melewati kota dari memanggil para penatuanya ke tempat lain. 1 Korintus mengaitkan Efesus dengan rencana Paulus dan deskripsi konflik yang bersyarat. Surat-surat lain menggunakannya dalam sapaan atau keterangan pekerja. Rujukan ini mempertahankan latar dokumen masing-masing dan tidak memastikan kronologi yang diselaraskan atau lokasi tepat pertemuan apa pun.", "anchors": [ { "id": "acts-visits", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 18:19-21", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "acts-teaching", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 19:1-10", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "elders-summoned", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 20:16-18", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "corinthian-conflict", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "1 Corinthians 15:30-34", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "corinthian-plan", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "1 Corinthians 16:8-9", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "ephesians-address", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Ephesians 1:1", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "timothy-instruction", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "1 Timothy 1:3", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "onesiphorus-service", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Timothy 1:18", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "tychicus-dispatch", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Timothy 4:12", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "599612; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/599612/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "acts-city-settings", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "acts-visits", "acts-teaching" ], "qualifies": [ "elders-summoned" ], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul melaporkan Paulus tiba dan mengajar di Efesus, tetapi kemudian membedakan berlayar melewati kota tanpa singgah dari memanggil para penatuanya untuk menemuinya.", "limit": "Pertemuan para penatua bukan kedatangan lain Paulus di Efesus, dan latar kota tidak menentukan lokasi bangunan tertentu yang digali." }, { "id": "corinthian-letter-notices", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "corinthian-conflict", "corinthian-plan" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "1 Korintus menggambarkan konflik di Efesus dengan bahasa bersyarat dan secara terpisah memberikan rencana Paulus untuk tetap di sana sampai Pentakosta.", "limit": "Bahasa konflik bersyarat tidak dengan sendirinya memastikan pertemuan harfiah dengan binatang di arena. Rencana itu tidak secara independen menentukan tanggal keberangkatan." }, { "id": "other-letter-notices", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "ephesians-address", "timothy-instruction", "onesiphorus-service", "tychicus-dispatch" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Surat Efesus menyebut kota itu dalam sapaannya; surat-surat Timotius secara terpisah menghubungkannya dengan Timotius, Onesiforus, dan Tikhikus.", "limit": "Rujukan kota saja tidak memastikan kepengarangan, tanggal, atau kunjungan baru Paulus pada setiap penyebutan." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.ephesus", "aliases": [ "Ephesus" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 18:19", "ACT 18:21", "ACT 18:24", "ACT 19:1", "ACT 19:17", "ACT 19:26", "ACT 19:35", "ACT 20:16", "ACT 20:17", "1CO 15:32", "1CO 16:8", "EPH 1:1", "1TI 1:3", "2TI 1:18", "2TI 4:12" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 19:8", "ACT 19:9", "ACT 19:28", "ACT 19:34", "ACT 21:29", "1CO 16:9" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "599612", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b03-pleiades-599612" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 37.940164271971945, "longitude": 27.34240298195866, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "acts-city-settings" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "1-corinthians", "ephesians", "1-timothy", "2-timothy" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-ephesus" }, { "id": "ethiopia", "name": "Etiopia", "summary": "Etiopia masuk ke dalam Kisah Para Rasul melalui deskripsi pejabat yang ditemui Filipus di jalan. Narasi mengaitkan orang itu dengan Etiopia dan pelayanan di bawah ratu orang Etiopia, serta menggambarkan perjalanan kembalinya setelah beribadah di Yerusalem. Ini merupakan keterkaitan geografis dan politik seseorang, bukan perjalanan Paulus. Sebutan kuno tidak boleh secara otomatis disamakan dengan batas negara modern, dan keterangan itu tidak memberikan tempat lahir pejabat atau lokasi tepat dalam wilayah tersebut.", "anchors": [ { "id": "official-association", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 8:26-30", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "official-origin-association", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "official-association" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul mengaitkan pejabat dalam pertemuan Filipus dengan Etiopia dan pelayanan di bawah penguasanya.", "limit": "Deskripsi itu tidak melaporkan kunjungan Paulus, memastikan tempat lahir orang tersebut, atau mendefinisikan kesesuaian wilayah kuno dengan negara modern." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Ethiopia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 8:27" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 8:26", "ACT 8:28", "ACT 8:29" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-ethiopia" }, { "id": "fair-havens", "name": "Pelabuhan Indah", "summary": "Pelabuhan Indah adalah persinggahan bernama yang dicapai selama pelayaran pesisir yang sulit di sepanjang Kreta dalam Kisah Para Rasul 27. Narasi menempatkannya dekat Lasea dan kemudian membahas apakah tetap di sana selama musim dingin atau mencoba pelabuhan lain. Pilihan mayoritas dan keberangkatan berikutnya merupakan bagian dari kisah pelayaran itu. Keterangan tersebut membedakan latar pelabuhan dari kota terdekat, tanpa mengidentifikasi bangunan pelabuhan kuno secara tepat, posisi berlabuh, atau rute setempat yang lengkap.", "anchors": [ { "id": "stop-and-decision", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:8-13", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-stop-and-decision", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "stop-and-decision" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul melaporkan kapal mencapai Pelabuhan Indah dekat Lasea dan menggambarkan keputusan untuk mencari tempat lain untuk melewatkan musim dingin.", "limit": "Kota terdekat merupakan subjek berbeda. Kisah itu tidak menentukan lokasi bangunan pelabuhan, memberikan tempat berlabuh tepat, atau melaporkan kedatangan di tujuan musim dingin yang diusulkan." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.fair-havens", "aliases": [ "Fair Havens" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:8" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:9", "ACT 27:10", "ACT 27:11", "ACT 27:12", "ACT 27:13" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "site", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-stop-and-decision" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-fair-havens" }, { "id": "forum-appii", "name": "Forum Apius", "summary": "Forum Apius, yang disebut pasar Apius dalam Kisah Para Rasul, adalah tempat pertemuan bernama dalam perjalanan mendekati Roma. Narasi menempatkannya bersama Tres Taberne dalam pertemuan antara orang percaya dan rombongan Paulus. Adegan itu menggambarkan dorongan semangat selama perjalanan, bukan kunjungan pelayanan berkeliling permukiman. Keterangan itu tidak merinci tempat pertemuan tepat, durasi tinggal, atau jalur perjalanan yang berkesinambungan di antara semua tempat persinggahan yang disebut.", "anchors": [ { "id": "roadside-meeting", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 28:14-16", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "422927; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/422927/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-meeting", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "roadside-meeting" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menyebut pasar Apius di antara tempat-tempat yang didatangi orang percaya untuk menemui rombongan yang mendekat dan menggambarkan dorongan semangat yang diperoleh Paulus ketika melihat mereka.", "limit": "Keterangan pertemuan itu tidak mengidentifikasi bangunan tepi jalan yang tepat, memastikan pelayanan setempat, atau memberikan durasi tinggal." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.forum-appii", "aliases": [ "The Market of Appius", "Market of Appius", "Forum Appii" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 28:15" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 28:14", "ACT 28:16" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "422927", "targetKind": "site", "receiptId": "r2-b03-pleiades-422927" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "site", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 41.46639, "longitude": 12.9975, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-meeting" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-forum-appii" }, { "id": "galatia", "name": "Galatia", "summary": "Galatia muncul dalam keterangan perjalanan Kisah Para Rasul dan beberapa konteks surat. Kisah Para Rasul menggambarkan perpindahan melalui wilayah yang dihubungkan dengan Frigia, sementara 1 Korintus dan Galatia merujuk kepada komunitas yang dikaitkan dengan Galatia. 2 Timotius secara terpisah memberikan Galatia sebagai tujuan Kreskes. Penggunaan ini tidak menyelesaikan satu cakupan wilayah atau menjadikan setiap keterangan komunitas sebagai kunjungan Paulus. Bagian-bagian itu membiarkan hubungan antara wilayah perjalanan, batas provinsi, dan penerima surat tetap terbuka.", "anchors": [ { "id": "first-region-journey", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 16:6", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "later-region-journey", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 18:23", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "collection-communities", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "1 Corinthians 16:1", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "letter-address", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Galatians 1:2", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "audience-label", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Galatians 3:1", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "crescens-movement", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Timothy 4:10", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-regional-movement", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "first-region-journey", "later-region-journey" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menggambarkan rombongan perjalanan bergerak melalui wilayah yang dikaitkan dengan Galatia dan Frigia dalam dua keterangan perjalanan.", "limit": "Ungkapannya tidak dengan sendirinya menyelesaikan batas wilayah, merinci kota-kota yang dikunjungi, atau menyamakan para penerima surat dengan setiap tempat pada rute." }, { "id": "letter-community-associations", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "collection-communities", "letter-address" ], "qualifies": [ "audience-label" ], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "1 Korintus menyebut komunitas-komunitas Galatia dalam petunjuk pengumpulan bantuan, dan Galatia menyapa komunitas yang dikaitkan dengan Galatia.", "limit": "Rujukan komunitas ini tidak dengan sendirinya menentukan model wilayah utara atau selatan atau memastikan kedatangan di setiap komunitas yang disebut." }, { "id": "crescens-destination", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "crescens-movement" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "2 Timotius melaporkan Kreskes pergi ke Galatia.", "limit": "Ini menyangkut Kreskes, bukan kunjungan Paulus, dan tidak secara independen memastikan tanggal atau kepengarangan surat." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.galatia", "aliases": [ "Galatia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:6", "ACT 18:23", "1CO 16:1", "GAL 1:2", "2TI 4:10" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "GAL 3:1" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-regional-movement" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "1-corinthians", "galatians", "2-timothy" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-galatia" }, { "id": "galilee", "name": "Galilea", "summary": "Galilea adalah nama wilayah dalam keterangan Kisah Para Rasul tentang komunitas orang percaya, kisah kegiatan Yesus, dan orang-orang yang bepergian bersamanya ke Yerusalem. Rujukan ini berada dalam latar narasi yang berbeda. Rujukan tersebut tidak menggambarkan kedatangan Paulus di Galilea atau memastikan tempat tinggal di sana. Keterangan komunitas juga tidak mengidentifikasi kota tertentu, sementara kisah pidato tetap diatribusikan kepada penuturnya dan tidak memberikan batas wilayah yang tepat.", "anchors": [ { "id": "regional-communities", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 9:31", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "peter-account", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 10:36-39", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "paul-speech-witnesses", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 13:30-32", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "678145; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/678145/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "community-region", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "regional-communities" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul memasukkan Galilea dalam keterangan tentang keadaan dan pertumbuhan komunitas orang percaya.", "limit": "Keterangan komunitas wilayah tidak mengidentifikasi kota yang dikunjungi Paulus maupun kehadirannya di seluruh wilayah." }, { "id": "speech-contexts", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "peter-account", "paul-speech-witnesses" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Pidato-pidato dalam Kisah Para Rasul mengaitkan Galilea dengan awal kegiatan Yesus dan dengan orang-orang yang menyertainya menuju Yerusalem.", "limit": "Ini merupakan kisah Yesus dan para saksi dalam pidato, bukan keterangan perpindahan Paulus." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Galilee" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 9:31", "ACT 10:37", "ACT 13:31" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "678145", "targetKind": "region", "receiptId": "r2-b03-pleiades-678145" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 32.75, "longitude": 35.25, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-galilee" }, { "id": "gaza", "name": "Gaza", "summary": "Gaza disebut sebagai tujuan yang dikaitkan dengan jalan yang diperintahkan kepada Filipus untuk ditempuh dalam Kisah Para Rasul 8. Pertemuan berikutnya terjadi selama perjalanan, tetapi bagian itu tidak mengisahkan Filipus memasuki Gaza. Bagian tersebut juga tidak memberikan kunjungan Paulus. Kota dan jalan tetap merupakan subjek geografis berbeda, dan deskripsi latar tidak dengan sendirinya mengidentifikasi ruas jalan tepat, cakupan kota kuno, atau titik pertemuan.", "anchors": [ { "id": "road-direction", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 8:26-29", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "687902; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/687902/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "road-destination-reference", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "road-direction" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menyebut Gaza dalam petunjuk yang diberikan kepada Filipus mengenai jalan dari Yerusalem.", "limit": "Tujuan jalan yang disebut tidak memastikan kedatangan di kota, kunjungan Paulus, atau lokasi tepat pertemuan berikutnya." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Gaza" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 8:26" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 8:27", "ACT 8:28", "ACT 8:29" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "687902", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b03-pleiades-687902" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 31.5202095, "longitude": 34.451719, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-gaza" }, { "id": "gomorrah", "name": "Gomora", "summary": "Gomora muncul dalam Roma dalam perbandingan kitab suci yang diatribusikan dan menyangkut Israel. Surat itu menempatkan nama kota bersama Sodom dalam argumen tentang apa yang akan terjadi seandainya tidak ada umat yang tersisa. Ini merupakan penggunaan retoris dan teologis kota yang diingat, bukan keterangan perjalanan. Keterangan itu tidak memastikan perjalanan Paulus, kisah kehancuran kota yang diverifikasi secara independen, atau identifikasi arkeologis maupun lokasi modern.", "anchors": [ { "id": "scriptural-comparison", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Romans 9:27-33", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "city-in-comparison", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "scriptural-comparison" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Roma merujuk kepada Gomora bersama Sodom dalam perbandingan yang diatribusikan kepada Yesaya dalam argumennya tentang Israel.", "limit": "Perbandingan itu bukan rangkaian perjalanan Paulus atau bukti independen yang menentukan lokasi kota maupun memverifikasi tradisi kehancuran yang diceritakan." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Gomorrah" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ROM 9:29" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ROM 9:27", "ROM 9:28", "ROM 9:30" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [ "romans" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-gomorrah" }, { "id": "greece", "name": "Yunani", "summary": "Yunani adalah tujuan wilayah dalam Kisah Para Rasul setelah perpindahan Paulus melalui Makedonia. Narasi melaporkan tinggal selama tiga bulan, lalu perubahan rute selanjutnya yang direncanakan karena suatu persekongkolan. Sebutan wilayah itu tidak menyebut setiap tempat Paulus tinggal atau mengidentifikasi masa tinggal dengan rumah maupun kota tertentu. Sebutan tersebut tidak boleh diperlakukan sebagai batas negara modern atau rangkaian perjalanan geografis yang diberi tanggal secara independen.", "anchors": [ { "id": "regional-stay", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 20:1-3", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-regional-stay", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "regional-stay" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul melaporkan Paulus mencapai Yunani, tinggal tiga bulan, dan mengubah rute keberangkatan yang direncanakan.", "limit": "Laporan itu tidak memberikan batas wilayah tepat atau daftar kota yang dikunjungi; laporan tersebut tidak dengan sendirinya mengidentifikasi masa tinggal secara khusus dengan Korintus." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.greece", "aliases": [ "Greece" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 20:2" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 20:1", "ACT 20:3" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-regional-stay" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-greece" }, { "id": "hierapolis", "name": "Hierapolis", "summary": "Hierapolis disebut dalam Kolose di antara tempat-tempat yang penduduknya menerima perhatian Epafras. Keterangan itu menghubungkan orang-orang tersebut dengan para penerima dan Laodikia, menempatkan kota dalam hubungan komunitas surat. Keterangan tersebut tidak menggambarkan Paulus bepergian ke sana atau mengisahkan perpindahan Epafras antarkota. Perhatian bersama tidak memastikan satu jemaat, rumah pertemuan tertentu, atau batas permukiman kuno.", "anchors": [ { "id": "epaphras-concern", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Colossians 4:12-14", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "638860; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/638860/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "community-association", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "epaphras-concern" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kolose menghubungkan orang-orang di Hierapolis dengan perhatian Epafras, bersama para penerima dan orang-orang di Laodikia.", "limit": "Keterkaitan komunitas itu tidak memastikan kunjungan Paulus, kehadiran Epafras di kota pada kesempatan tersebut, atau lokasi pertemuan bersama." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Hierapolis" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "COL 4:13" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "COL 4:12", "COL 4:14" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "638860", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b03-pleiades-638860" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 37.926925, "longitude": 29.127859, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [ "colossians" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-hierapolis" }, { "id": "illyricum", "name": "Ilirikum", "summary": "Ilirikum menandai jangkauan pemberitaan Paulus yang dinyatakan dalam Roma, dalam keterangan yang dimulai dari Yerusalem. Bagian itu menggambarkan cakupan pekerjaannya, bukan daftar persinggahan satu per satu. Keterangan tersebut tidak menyelesaikan apakah ia memasuki Ilirikum atau mencapai sekitarnya, dan tidak menyebut kota atau rute tertentu di sana. Karena itu, deskripsi surat membiarkan jalur tepat perjalanan tetap terbuka.", "anchors": [ { "id": "missionary-range", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Romans 15:18-21", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "stated-missionary-range", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "missionary-range" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Roma menyebut Ilirikum ketika Paulus menggambarkan cakupan pemberitaannya dari Yerusalem.", "limit": "Jangkauan yang dinyatakan tidak menentukan apakah ia memasuki wilayah itu atau hanya mencapai sekitarnya, tidak mengidentifikasi kota-kota yang dikunjungi, dan tidak secara independen memverifikasi seluruh jalur perjalanan." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.illyricum", "aliases": [ "Illyricum" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ROM 15:19" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ROM 15:18", "ROM 15:20", "ROM 15:21" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [ "romans" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-illyricum" }, { "id": "italia", "name": "Italia", "summary": "Italia muncul dalam Kisah Para Rasul pertama-tama melalui perpindahan baru-baru ini Akwila dan Priskila dari wilayah itu, dan kemudian sebagai tujuan pelayaran terencana yang melibatkan Paulus sebagai tahanan. Sebuah kapal juga digambarkan berlayar menuju Italia. Ini merupakan hubungan geografis berbeda: keberangkatan rumah tangga lain, rencana perjalanan penumpang, dan tujuan kapal. Hubungan tersebut tidak menjadikan setiap kemunculan sebagai laporan kedatangan Paulus, memastikan tempat tinggal, atau mendefinisikan wilayah berdasarkan batas negara modern.", "anchors": [ { "id": "household-origin", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 18:1-3", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "voyage-intention", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:1-2", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "ship-destination", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:6", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "1052; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/1052/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "household-departure", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "household-origin" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menggambarkan Akwila dan Priskila baru-baru ini datang dari Italia sebelum Paulus menemui mereka di Korintus.", "limit": "Perpindahan mereka tidak melaporkan kehadiran Paulus sebelumnya di Italia atau memastikan tempat lahir pasangan itu." }, { "id": "intended-voyage", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "voyage-intention", "ship-destination" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menampilkan Italia sebagai tujuan pelayaran yang melibatkan Paulus dan tahanan lain serta tujuan kapal yang ditemukan perwira.", "limit": "Perjalanan terencana dan tujuan kapal berbeda dari kedatangan; keterangan-keterangan khusus ini tidak memastikan tempat tinggal atau tempat pendaratan tepat." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.italia", "aliases": [ "Italy", "Italia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 18:2", "ACT 27:1", "ACT 27:6" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 18:3", "ACT 27:2" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "1052", "targetKind": "region", "receiptId": "r2-b03-pleiades-1052" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 43.6941505, "longitude": 11.0949512, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "intended", "claimId": "intended-voyage" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-italia" }, { "id": "jerusalem", "name": "Yerusalem", "summary": "Yerusalem merupakan latar berulang bagi komunitas, perjalanan, pembahasan, dan penahanan dalam Kisah Para Rasul. Galatia secara terpisah melaporkan kunjungan, sementara Roma dan 1 Korintus menghubungkan kota dengan bantuan serta niat perjalanan. Keterangan dokumen ini tidak memastikan satu kronologi yang disepakati atau menjadikan setiap penyebutan sebagai kedatangan Paulus. Galatia juga menggunakan kota duniawi dalam perbandingan teologis dengan Yerusalem di atas; perbandingan itu tidak menempatkan yang terakhir pada suatu lokasi dalam kota duniawi.", "anchors": [ { "id": "early-acts-arrival", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 9:26-28", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "acts-community-meeting", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 15:2-4", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "later-acts-arrival", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 21:15-19", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "acts-custody", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 21:27-33", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "galatians-visits", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Galatians 1:18-19", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "galatians-later-visit", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Galatians 2:1-10", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "romans-service-plan", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Romans 15:25-31", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "corinthian-gift-plan", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "1 Corinthians 16:1-4", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "theological-comparison", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Galatians 4:24-26", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "687928; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/687928/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "acts-city-settings", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "early-acts-arrival", "acts-community-meeting", "later-acts-arrival", "acts-custody" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul melaporkan Saulus atau Paulus tiba di Yerusalem, menemui anggota komunitas, dan, dalam episode kemudian, ditahan di sana.", "limit": "Ini adalah latar-latar narasi, bukan jumlah seluruh kunjungan, kronologi yang ditentukan secara independen, atau identifikasi situs pertemuan dan penahanan yang tepat." }, { "id": "separate-letter-notices", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "galatians-visits", "galatians-later-visit", "romans-service-plan", "corinthian-gift-plan" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Galatia melaporkan perjalanan ke Yerusalem, sementara Roma merencanakan pelayanan di sana dan 1 Korintus membahas pengiriman pemberian serta kemungkinan bersyarat untuk menyertainya.", "limit": "Kunjungan yang dilaporkan, pelayanan yang direncanakan, dan perjalanan bersyarat tetap berbeda. Bagian-bagian itu tidak dengan sendirinya menyamakan kunjungan Galatia dengan episode tertentu dalam Kisah Para Rasul." }, { "id": "earthly-city-in-comparison", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "theological-comparison" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Galatia menggunakan Yerusalem duniawi yang ada dalam perbandingan teologis yang mempertentangkannya dengan Yerusalem di atas.", "limit": "Yerusalem surgawi merupakan sebutan teologis pembanding, bukan nama kedua bagi kota duniawi atau lokasi lain di dalamnya." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.jerusalem", "aliases": [ "Jerusalem" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 8:1", "ACT 8:14", "ACT 8:25", "ACT 8:26", "ACT 8:27", "ACT 9:2", "ACT 9:13", "ACT 9:21", "ACT 9:26", "ACT 9:28", "ACT 10:39", "ACT 11:2", "ACT 11:22", "ACT 11:27", "ACT 12:25", "ACT 13:13", "ACT 13:27", "ACT 13:31", "ACT 15:2", "ACT 15:4", "ACT 16:4", "ACT 18:21", "ACT 19:21", "ACT 20:16", "ACT 20:22", "ACT 21:4", "ACT 21:11", "ACT 21:12", "ACT 21:13", "ACT 21:15", "ACT 21:17", "ACT 21:31", "ACT 22:5", "ACT 22:17", "ACT 22:18", "ACT 23:11", "ACT 24:11", "ACT 25:1", "ACT 25:3", "ACT 25:7", "ACT 25:9", "ACT 25:15", "ACT 25:20", "ACT 25:24", "ACT 26:4", "ACT 26:10", "ACT 26:20", "ACT 28:17", "ROM 15:19", "ROM 15:25", "ROM 15:26", "ROM 15:31", "1CO 16:3", "GAL 1:17", "GAL 1:18", "GAL 2:1", "GAL 4:25" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 9:27", "ACT 21:18", "ACT 21:19", "ACT 21:30", "ACT 21:32", "ACT 21:33", "GAL 1:19", "GAL 2:2", "1CO 16:4", "GAL 4:24", "GAL 4:26" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "687928", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b03-pleiades-687928" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 31.7771895, "longitude": 35.234978, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "acts-city-settings" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "romans", "1-corinthians", "galatians" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-jerusalem" }, { "id": "joppa", "name": "Yope", "summary": "Yope adalah latar kota bagi kegiatan Petrus dalam Kisah Para Rasul. Narasi mengaitkannya dengan Tabita, tinggal bersama Simon penyamak kulit, penglihatan, dan para utusan yang dikirim Kornelius. Petrus kemudian menceritakan ulang penglihatan dan panggilan itu kepada orang lain. Ini merupakan peristiwa dan ingatan yang menyangkut Petrus serta komunitas setempat, bukan tahap perjalanan Paulus. Keterangan itu tidak mengidentifikasi rumah yang masih ada, lokasi pesisir yang tepat, atau tempat tinggal Paulus.", "anchors": [ { "id": "tabitha-and-stay", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 9:36-43", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "vision-and-messengers", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 10:5-23", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "retold-summons", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 11:4-14", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "687931; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/687931/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "peter-community-setting", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "tabitha-and-stay" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menempatkan Petrus di Yope dalam episode Tabita dan menggambarkan masa tinggal berikutnya bersama Simon penyamak kulit.", "limit": "Kisah itu menyangkut Petrus, bukan kunjungan Paulus, dan tidak memastikan identitas bangunan yang masih ada." }, { "id": "vision-and-summons", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "vision-and-messengers", "retold-summons" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul mengaitkan Yope dengan penglihatan Petrus dan para utusan Kornelius, serta kemudian menampilkan Petrus menceritakan kembali pengalamannya.", "limit": "Kisah Para Rasul menampilkan Petrus menceritakan ulang pengalaman sebelumnya; kisah itu tidak melaporkan penglihatan, panggilan, atau masa tinggal kedua. Deskripsi pesisir tidak mengidentifikasi rumah yang masih ada." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Joppa" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 9:36", "ACT 9:38", "ACT 9:42", "ACT 9:43", "ACT 10:5", "ACT 10:8", "ACT 10:23", "ACT 10:32", "ACT 11:5", "ACT 11:13" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 9:39", "ACT 9:40", "ACT 9:41", "ACT 10:6", "ACT 10:9", "ACT 10:17", "ACT 10:22", "ACT 11:11", "ACT 11:12" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "687931", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b03-pleiades-687931" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 32.053079, "longitude": 34.7499295, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-joppa" }, { "id": "judea", "name": "Yudea", "summary": "Yudea adalah sebutan wilayah dalam keterangan tentang komunitas, bantuan, perpindahan orang, dan perjalanan Paulus. Kisah Para Rasul menampilkan Paulus menggambarkan pemberitaan di seluruh wilayah, sementara 2 Korintus membahas perjalanan yang direncanakan. Rujukan surat lainnya menyangkut komunitas orang percaya dan kesulitan yang dikaitkan dengan Yudea. Penggunaan ini tidak boleh diperlakukan sebagai laporan kedatangan yang dapat dipertukarkan. Wilayah itu berbeda dari Yerusalem serta label identitas pribadi atau keagamaan, dan namanya tidak memastikan tempat tinggal atau satu batas administratif tetap.", "anchors": [ { "id": "regional-communities", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 9:31", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "relief", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 11:29-30", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "galatians-communities", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Galatians 1:22-24", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "thessalonian-comparison", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "1 Thessalonians 2:13-16", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "speech-proclamation", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 26:19-21", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "planned-journey", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Corinthians 1:15-17", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "687934; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/687934/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "communities-and-relief", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "regional-communities", "relief", "galatians-communities", "thessalonian-comparison" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul dan surat-surat merujuk kepada komunitas orang percaya yang dikaitkan dengan Yudea, dan Kisah Para Rasul menggambarkan bantuan dikirim kepada orang-orang di sana.", "limit": "Keterkaitan komunitas tidak memastikan kehadiran Paulus di setiap tempat. Generalisasi bermusuhan dalam 1 Tesalonika tetap diatribusikan kepada surat, bukan didukung sebagai deskripsi suatu kaum." }, { "id": "reported-regional-proclamation", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "speech-proclamation" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Pidato dalam Kisah Para Rasul menampilkan Paulus menggambarkan pemberitaan di Yerusalem dan seluruh Yudea.", "limit": "Ini merupakan keterangan pidato, bukan konfirmasi independen atas setiap peristiwa atau daftar permukiman yang dikunjungi." }, { "id": "intended-letter-journey", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "planned-journey" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "2 Korintus menggambarkan rencana Paulus mengunjungi para penerima, bepergian melalui Makedonia, kembali kepada mereka, dan diantar melanjutkan perjalanan menuju Yudea.", "limit": "Bagian itu membahas niat, bukan penyelesaiannya, dan tidak memberikan rute tepat atau tempat tinggal dalam wilayah." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.judea", "aliases": [ "Judea" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 8:1", "ACT 9:31", "ACT 10:37", "ACT 11:1", "ACT 11:29", "ACT 12:19", "ACT 15:1", "ACT 21:10", "ACT 26:20", "ACT 28:21", "ROM 15:31", "2CO 1:16", "GAL 1:22", "1TH 2:14" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 11:30", "ACT 26:19", "ACT 26:21", "2CO 1:15", "2CO 1:17", "GAL 1:23", "1TH 2:15" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "687934", "targetKind": "region", "receiptId": "r2-b03-pleiades-687934" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 31.73416715, "longitude": 35.001720299999995, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-regional-proclamation" }, { "personId": "paul", "relation": "intended", "claimId": "intended-letter-journey" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "romans", "2-corinthians", "galatians", "1-thessalonians" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-judea" }, { "id": "laodicea", "name": "Laodikia", "summary": "Laodikia dihubungkan dengan para penerima surat Kolose melalui perhatian penulis, upaya Epafras, salam, dan petunjuk tentang pembacaan surat. Kota dan komunitasnya tetap berbeda dari Kolose serta Hierapolis. Hubungan ini tidak mengisahkan kunjungan Paulus atau membuktikan bahwa setiap penerima pernah atau belum pernah menemuinya. Pertukaran surat yang diminta juga tidak menyamakan surat dari Laodikia dengan karya lain yang masih ada atau memastikan tempat penyusunannya.", "anchors": [ { "id": "personal-contact", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Colossians 2:1-5", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "care-and-greetings", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Colossians 4:12-15", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "letter-exchange", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Colossians 4:16", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "638955; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/638955/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "community-connections", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "care-and-greetings" ], "qualifies": [ "personal-contact" ], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kolose mengaitkan Laodikia dengan perhatian Epafras serta salam kepada orang-orang dan komunitas rumah tangga.", "limit": "Hubungan ini tidak memastikan kunjungan Paulus, menentukan lokasi rumah pertemuan, atau menunjukkan individu mana yang sebelumnya telah menemui penulis." }, { "id": "letter-exchange", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "letter-exchange" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kolose meminta agar suratnya dibaca oleh komunitas Laodikia dan para penerima membaca surat dari Laodikia.", "limit": "Instruksi itu tidak mengidentifikasi penulis surat lain, teksnya yang masih ada, atau tempat penyusunannya." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Laodicea" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "COL 2:1", "COL 4:13", "COL 4:15", "COL 4:16" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "COL 2:2", "COL 2:5", "COL 4:12" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "638955", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b03-pleiades-638955" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 37.835939323878684, "longitude": 29.107388778855608, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [ "colossians" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-laodicea" }, { "id": "lasea", "name": "Lasea", "summary": "Lasea disebut dalam Kisah Para Rasul sebagai kota dekat Pelabuhan Indah selama pelayaran di sepanjang Kreta. Narasi kemudian berfokus pada keadaan di pelabuhan dan keputusan tentang tempat melewatkan musim dingin. Keterangan kedekatan memberikan hubungan geografis bagi Lasea dengan persinggahan itu, tanpa melaporkan bahwa Paulus atau para rekannya memasuki kota. Kota dan pelabuhan harus tetap menjadi subjek terpisah, dan bagian itu tidak mengidentifikasi batas permukiman tepat atau situs arkeologis.", "anchors": [ { "id": "nearby-city", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:8-12", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "589897; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/589897/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "proximity-to-harbour", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "nearby-city" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul mengidentifikasi Lasea sebagai kota dekat Pelabuhan Indah, tempat kapal telah mencapai persinggahan dalam pelayaran.", "limit": "Kedekatan tidak memastikan masuk ke Lasea, pelayanan setempat, atau identitas yang sama antara kota dan pelabuhan." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Lasea" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:8" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:9", "ACT 27:12" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "589897", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b03-pleiades-589897" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 34.94083, "longitude": 24.8182662, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-lasea" }, { "id": "lycaonia", "name": "Likaonia", "summary": "Likaonia muncul dalam Kisah Para Rasul sebagai sebutan wilayah yang dihubungkan dengan Listra, Derbe, dan daerah sekitarnya. Narasi menggambarkan Paulus dan Barnabas melarikan diri ke latar tersebut dan melanjutkan kegiatan. Kemunculan kemudian menyebut bahasa yang digunakan orang banyak di Listra. Perpindahan wilayah dan ungkapan bahasa merupakan penggunaan berbeda: tidak satu pun memastikan kefasihan para pelancong, satu batas administratif, atau kunjungan ke setiap permukiman yang dikaitkan dengan wilayah itu.", "anchors": [ { "id": "regional-movement", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 14:5-8", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "crowd-language", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 14:9-12", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "648698; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/648698/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-regional-setting", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "regional-movement" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul melaporkan Paulus dan Barnabas melarikan diri ke Listra, Derbe, dan daerah sekitar, yang diidentifikasi dengan Likaonia.", "limit": "Deskripsi wilayah itu bukan daftar setiap tempat yang dikunjungi atau definisi batas administratif." }, { "id": "language-designation", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "crowd-language" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menyebut Likaonia dalam deskripsi bahasa yang digunakan orang banyak di Listra.", "limit": "Sebutan bahasa itu tidak memastikan bahwa Paulus atau Barnabas memahami atau menggunakannya, dan bukan kedatangan wilayah yang terpisah." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.lycaonia", "aliases": [ "Lycaonia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 14:6", "ACT 14:11" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 14:5", "ACT 14:7", "ACT 14:8", "ACT 14:12" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "648698", "targetKind": "region", "receiptId": "r2-b04-pleiades-648698" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 37.63585798373942, "longitude": 33.322867550011786, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-regional-setting" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-lycaonia" }, { "id": "lycia", "name": "Likia", "summary": "Likia adalah wilayah yang digunakan untuk memberi keterangan pada Mira dalam kisah pelayaran Kisah Para Rasul 27. Para pelancong mencapai kota yang disebut namanya, dan keterangan berikutnya menggambarkan perwira menemukan kapal lain di sana. Kota dan keterangan wilayahnya tetap merupakan subjek geografis berbeda. Rujukan ini tidak menggambarkan perjalanan berkeliling Likia, mengidentifikasi setiap tempat yang dikunjungi di dalamnya, atau memberikan batas wilayah, dan perpindahan kapal tidak menentukan lokasi fasilitas pelabuhan kuno secara tepat.", "anchors": [ { "id": "city-qualification", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:5-6", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "638965; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/638965/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "myra-region-relationship", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "city-qualification" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul mengidentifikasi Mira sebagai kota yang dikaitkan dengan Likia dalam kisah kedatangan dan pergantian kapal.", "limit": "Keterangan kota itu tidak membuat Mira dan Likia dapat dipertukarkan, mendefinisikan cakupan wilayah, atau memastikan perjalanan di seluruh wilayah." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.lycia", "aliases": [ "Lycia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:5" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:6" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "638965", "targetKind": "region", "receiptId": "r2-b04-pleiades-638965" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 36.6341205843183, "longitude": 29.57513525643812, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-lycia" }, { "id": "lydda", "name": "Lida", "summary": "Lida adalah latar kota dalam Kisah Para Rasul bagi kunjungan Petrus kepada orang percaya dan kisah kesembuhan Eneas. Narasi juga menempatkannya dekat Yope ketika para utusan meminta Petrus mendatangi Tabita. Keterangan ini menyangkut Petrus dan komunitas setempat, bukan tahap perjalanan Paulus. Tanggapan yang dilaporkan tidak secara independen memverifikasi peristiwa, memastikan tempat tinggal Paulus, atau mengidentifikasi rumah yang masih ada maupun posisi tepat pertemuan.", "anchors": [ { "id": "peter-and-aeneas", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 9:32-35", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "joppa-summons", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 9:36-38", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "687953; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/687953/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "peter-city-setting", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "peter-and-aeneas", "joppa-summons" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menempatkan Petrus bersama orang percaya di Lida, mengisahkan kesembuhan Eneas, dan menggambarkan panggilan dari Yope yang berdekatan.", "limit": "Ini merupakan kisah narasi tentang Petrus, bukan bukti kunjungan Paulus atau situs pertemuan yang diidentifikasi secara independen." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Lydda" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 9:32", "ACT 9:35", "ACT 9:38" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 9:33", "ACT 9:34", "ACT 9:37" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "687953", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b04-pleiades-687953" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 31.958253499999998, "longitude": 34.892378, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-lydda" }, { "id": "macedonia", "name": "Makedonia", "summary": "Makedonia merupakan latar wilayah bagi penglihatan, perjalanan, dan hubungan komunitas dalam Kisah Para Rasul serta surat-surat. Kisah Para Rasul membedakan panggilan menuju Makedonia dari perpindahan berikutnya, sementara bagian surat menggambarkan kedatangan, rencana, dukungan, dan hubungan antarorang percaya. Keterangan lain menyangkut perpindahan rekan atau keterkaitan geografis. Penggunaan ini tidak menjadikan setiap kemunculan sebagai kunjungan Paulus atau menyelesaikan satu rangkaian perjalanan. Sebutan wilayah kuno juga harus tetap dibedakan dari batas modern dan kota mana pun.", "anchors": [ { "id": "acts-call-and-arrival", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 16:9-12", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "acts-later-movement", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 20:1-3", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "corinthian-movement", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Corinthians 2:12-13", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "corinthian-arrival", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Corinthians 7:4-7", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "corinthian-plan", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "1 Corinthians 16:5-7", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "timothy-movement", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "1 Timothy 1:3", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "contribution", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Romans 15:26", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "macedonian-generosity", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Corinthians 8:1-4", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "support-from-region", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Corinthians 11:9", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "philippian-support", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Philippians 4:15-16", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "thessalonian-relationships", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "1 Thessalonians 4:9-10", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "491656; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/491656/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "acts-regional-movement", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "acts-call-and-arrival", "acts-later-movement" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menggambarkan panggilan menuju Makedonia, perjalanan ke Filipi sebagai kota Makedonia, dan perpindahan kemudian melalui wilayah tersebut.", "limit": "Penglihatan dan niat yang timbul darinya bukan kedatangan itu sendiri, dan keterangan wilayah tidak merinci setiap kota yang dikunjungi." }, { "id": "separate-letter-movements", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "corinthian-movement", "corinthian-arrival", "corinthian-plan", "timothy-movement" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "2 Korintus melaporkan perpindahan dan kedatangan yang melibatkan Makedonia; 1 Korintus menampilkan rencana perjalanan, dan 1 Timotius secara terpisah mengingat perpindahan menuju wilayah itu.", "limit": "Laporan, rencana, dan dokumen berbeda tetap dibedakan. Kesamaan nama geografis tidak secara independen memastikan satu kronologi atau kepengarangan surat Timotius." }, { "id": "regional-community-support", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "contribution", "macedonian-generosity", "support-from-region", "philippian-support", "thessalonian-relationships" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Surat-surat mengaitkan Makedonia dengan sumbangan, dukungan materi, dan hubungan antarkomunitas orang percaya.", "limit": "Keterangan komunitas serta dukungan ini tidak menempatkan Paulus di setiap komunitas atau memastikan tempat tinggal di seluruh wilayah." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.macedonia", "aliases": [ "Macedonia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:9", "ACT 16:10", "ACT 16:12", "ACT 18:5", "ACT 19:21", "ACT 19:22", "ACT 19:29", "ACT 20:1", "ACT 20:3", "ROM 15:26", "1CO 16:5", "2CO 1:16", "2CO 2:13", "2CO 7:5", "2CO 8:1", "2CO 9:2", "2CO 9:4", "2CO 11:9", "PHI 4:15", "1TH 1:7", "1TH 1:8", "1TH 4:10", "1TI 1:3" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:11", "ACT 20:2", "ACT 27:2", "2CO 7:6", "2CO 8:3", "PHI 4:16" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "491656", "targetKind": "region", "receiptId": "r2-b04-pleiades-491656" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 40.969115247784025, "longitude": 22.4920786436148, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "acts-regional-movement" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "romans", "1-corinthians", "2-corinthians", "philippians", "1-thessalonians", "1-timothy" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-macedonia" }, { "id": "malta", "name": "Malta", "summary": "Malta adalah nama pulau yang diketahui para penyintas setelah kapal karam dalam Kisah Para Rasul. Kisah berikutnya menggambarkan keramahan, peristiwa yang melibatkan Paulus serta penduduk setempat, dan keberangkatan kemudian dengan kapal lain. Karena itu, latar pulau berbeda dari pertanyaan yang lebih tepat tentang tempat kapal membentur atau para penyintas mencapai daratan. Narasi tidak mengidentifikasi bangkai kapal yang digali, teluk tertentu, atau lokasi modern adegan keramahan dan kesembuhan.", "anchors": [ { "id": "wreck-and-island-name", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:39-28:2", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "island-hospitality", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 28:3-10", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "later-departure", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 28:11", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-island-setting", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "wreck-and-island-name", "island-hospitality", "later-departure" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul mengidentifikasi pulau para penyintas sebagai Malta dan mengisahkan keramahan, kegiatan yang melibatkan Paulus, serta keberangkatan dengan kapal lain.", "limit": "Nama pulau tidak memastikan koordinat kapal karam yang tepat, pantai pendaratan, rumah, atau lokasi kesembuhan yang diverifikasi secara independen." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.malta", "aliases": [ "Malta" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 28:1" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:44", "ACT 28:2", "ACT 28:7", "ACT 28:8", "ACT 28:11" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "island", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-island-setting" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-malta" }, { "id": "miletus", "name": "Miletus", "summary": "Miletus adalah latar kota yang darinya Paulus memanggil para penatua Efesus dalam Kisah Para Rasul. Kisah menempatkan pertemuan dan perpisahan mereka sebelum keberangkatannya dengan kapal, bukan menggambarkan kunjungan lain ke Efesus. 2 Timotius secara terpisah mengingat Trofimus yang sakit ditinggalkan di Miletus. Keterangan ini berasal dari dokumen berbeda dan tidak dengan sendirinya mengidentifikasi kesempatan yang sama. Tidak satu pun menentukan lokasi tepat pertemuan, bangunan pelabuhan, atau rumah yang masih ada dalam kota kuno.", "anchors": [ { "id": "elders-meeting", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 20:15-18", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "farewell", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 20:36-21:1", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "trophimus-notice", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Timothy 4:20", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "599799; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/599799/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "acts-meeting-setting", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "elders-meeting", "farewell" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menempatkan Paulus di Miletus, tempat ia memanggil para penatua Efesus dan menemui mereka sebelum perpisahan di dekat kapal.", "limit": "Pertemuan dengan para penatua Efesus bukan kedatangan di Efesus dan tidak mengidentifikasi situs tepat dalam Miletus." }, { "id": "separate-trophimus-notice", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "trophimus-notice" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "2 Timotius menampilkan pembicaranya telah meninggalkan Trofimus yang sakit di Miletus.", "limit": "Keterangan itu tidak memberikan tanggal dan tidak secara independen menyamakan kesempatan ini dengan pertemuan para penatua atau menyelesaikan kepengarangan surat." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.miletus", "aliases": [ "Miletus" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 20:15", "ACT 20:17", "2TI 4:20" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 20:18", "ACT 20:36", "ACT 20:37", "ACT 20:38" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "599799", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b04-pleiades-599799" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 37.53046444003695, "longitude": 27.27880848386269, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "acts-meeting-setting" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "2-timothy" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-miletus" }, { "id": "mitylene", "name": "Mitilene", "summary": "Mitilene disebut dalam Kisah Para Rasul setelah pertemuan Paulus dengan para rekan di Asos. Kisah melaporkan ia dibawa naik kapal dan mereka mencapai Mitilene sebelum bagian pelayaran berikutnya. Keterangan itu memberikan peran bagi kota dalam perpindahan yang dilaporkan tanpa menggambarkan pertemuan, pelayanan, atau durasi tinggal setempat. Keterangan tersebut juga tidak menentukan pelabuhan tepat yang digunakan, cakupan permukiman kuno, atau jalur kapal di sekitar pesisir.", "anchors": [ { "id": "voyage-arrival", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 20:13-15", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "550763; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/550763/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-arrival", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "voyage-arrival" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul melaporkan rombongan mencapai Mitilene setelah membawa Paulus naik kapal di Asos.", "limit": "Keterangan kedatangan tidak memastikan pelayanan setempat, durasi tinggal, atau posisi pelabuhan yang tepat." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.mitylene", "aliases": [ "Mitylene" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 20:14" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 20:13", "ACT 20:15" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "550763", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b04-pleiades-550763" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 39.110475, "longitude": 26.547048, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-arrival" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-mitylene" }, { "id": "mount-sinai", "name": "Gunung Sinai", "summary": "Gunung Sinai disebut dalam Galatia dalam alegori yang melibatkan perjanjian, Hagar, dan Yerusalem. Bagian itu mengaitkan gunung dengan Arab, tetapi menggunakan geografi tersebut dalam argumen teologis surat. Keterangan itu tidak mengisahkan kedatangan Paulus di Sinai atau mengidentifikasi lokasi modern tepat gunung. Perbandingan tidak boleh menjadikan Hagar alias tempat yang berlaku umum, dan perjalanan Arab sebelumnya tidak dapat diubah menjadi kunjungan Sinai hanya dengan menggabungkan bagian-bagian tersebut.", "anchors": [ { "id": "theological-comparison", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Galatians 4:24-26", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "separate-arabia-journey", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Galatians 1:17", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "mountain-in-argument", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "theological-comparison" ], "qualifies": [ "separate-arabia-journey" ], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Galatia menyebut Gunung Sinai dan mengaitkannya dengan Arab dalam alegorinya yang melibatkan Hagar, perjanjian, dan Yerusalem.", "limit": "Keterkaitan argumentatif itu tidak mengidentifikasi gunung modern, menentukan lokasi perjalanan Paulus ke Arab, atau menjadikan pribadi Hagar alias geografis biasa." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Mount Sinai", "Sinai" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "GAL 4:24", "GAL 4:25" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "GAL 4:26", "GAL 1:17" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "site", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [ "galatians" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-mount-sinai" }, { "id": "myra", "name": "Mira", "summary": "Mira adalah kota yang dicapai setelah melewati perairan Kilikia dan Pamfilia dalam Kisah Para Rasul 27. Narasi mengidentifikasinya melalui Likia dan kemudian menggambarkan perwira memindahkan rombongan ke kapal lain yang menuju Italia. Kedatangan dan pergantian kapal adalah bagian kisah yang berkaitan tetapi berbeda. Keduanya tidak memastikan masa tinggal yang lama, pelayanan setempat, atau pelabuhan kuno yang tepat, dan nama wilayah Likia tidak boleh diperlakukan sebagai nama lain kota.", "anchors": [ { "id": "arrival-and-transfer", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:5-6", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "639005; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/639005/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-arrival-and-transfer", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "arrival-and-transfer" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul melaporkan kedatangan di Mira di Likia, disusul pemindahan rombongan oleh perwira ke kapal yang dikaitkan dengan Aleksandria.", "limit": "Kota disebut dalam Kisah Para Rasul 27:5; keterangan kapal berikutnya tidak menambahkan kemunculan harfiah Myra yang lain atau mengidentifikasi fasilitas pelabuhan tepat." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.myra", "aliases": [ "Myra" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:5" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:6" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "639005", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b04-pleiades-639005" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 36.25855892173753, "longitude": 29.985450200905625, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-arrival-and-transfer" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-myra" }, { "id": "mysia", "name": "Misia", "summary": "Misia adalah rujukan wilayah dekat upaya masuk ke Bitinia dalam Kisah Para Rasul 16. Narasi lalu menggambarkan perpindahan melewati Misia menuju Troas. Ungkapan itu memberikan hubungan antarwilayah dan rute tanpa menyebut kota perbatasan atau menentukan lokasi perubahan arah secara tepat. Keterangan tersebut tidak boleh menjadi kedatangan pada penanda peta modern, perjalanan melalui setiap bagian Misia, atau bukti batas wilayah kuno yang tepat.", "anchors": [ { "id": "regional-route", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 16:6-9", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "550759; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/550759/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "regional-route-reference", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "regional-route" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menempatkan para pelancong dekat Misia selama upaya bergerak menuju Bitinia dan kemudian menggambarkan perjalanan melewati Misia menuju Troas.", "limit": "Kisah itu tidak menentukan lokasi titik perbatasan atau secara tegas memastikan perjalanan melalui bagian pedalaman wilayah tersebut." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.mysia", "aliases": [ "Mysia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:7", "ACT 16:8" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:6", "ACT 16:9" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "550759", "targetKind": "region", "receiptId": "r2-b04-pleiades-550759" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 39.5996880845236, "longitude": 27.834001321775332, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-mysia" }, { "id": "nazareth", "name": "Nazaret", "summary": "Nazaret muncul dalam bagian-bagian Kisah Para Rasul ini sebagai bagian dari sebutan Yesus. Petrus menggunakan sebutan itu dalam keterangannya, sementara pidato Paulus mengingat suara yang dijumpai dekat Damsyik maupun perlawanannya terdahulu terhadap nama Yesus. Ini merupakan penggunaan nama geografis untuk menyebut seseorang, bukan laporan Paulus mengunjungi Nazaret. Keterangan tersebut tidak memastikan tempat lahir, tempat tepat dalam kota, atau rangkaian perjalanan yang menghubungkan kota dengan setiap pembicara.", "anchors": [ { "id": "peter-designation", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 10:38", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "damascus-recollection", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 22:6-9", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "earlier-opposition", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 26:9-11", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "peter-speaker", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 10:34", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "paul-jerusalem-speaker", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 21:40-22:1", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "paul-agrippa-speaker", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 26:1-2", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "678299; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/678299/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "place-name-in-person-designation", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "peter-designation", "damascus-recollection", "earlier-opposition" ], "qualifies": [ "peter-speaker", "paul-jerusalem-speaker", "paul-agrippa-speaker" ], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menggunakan Nazaret dalam sebutan Yesus pada keterangan Petrus dan ingatan-ingatan Paulus.", "limit": "Sebutan itu tidak memberikan kedatangan Paulus di kota dan tidak dengan sendirinya memastikan tempat lahir Yesus atau situs setempat yang tepat." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.nazareth", "aliases": [ "Nazareth" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 10:38", "ACT 22:8", "ACT 26:9" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 22:6", "ACT 22:7", "ACT 26:10" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "678299", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b04-pleiades-678299" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 32.701029, "longitude": 35.300148, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-nazareth" }, { "id": "neapolis", "name": "Neapolis", "summary": "Neapolis disebut dalam Kisah Para Rasul selama pelayaran yang mengikuti panggilan menuju Makedonia. Rombongan mencapainya setelah Samotrake dan kemudian melanjutkan ke Filipi. Ini merupakan kedatangan yang dilaporkan dalam narasi perjalanan, bukan kesimpulan dari asal seseorang. Kisah tidak memberikan misi setempat tersendiri, durasi tinggal, atau pertemuan di Neapolis, serta tidak mengidentifikasi pelabuhan tepat, garis pantai kuno, atau rute selanjutnya yang ditempuh.", "anchors": [ { "id": "voyage-and-onward-route", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 16:9-12", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "501523; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/501523/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-arrival", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "voyage-and-onward-route" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul melaporkan rombongan mencapai Neapolis setelah Samotrake sebelum narasi berlanjut menuju Filipi.", "limit": "Kedatangan yang disebut tidak memastikan pelayanan setempat, masa tinggal panjang, atau titik naik kapal maupun pendaratan yang tepat." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.neapolis", "aliases": [ "Neapolis" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:11" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:10", "ACT 16:12" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "501523", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b04-pleiades-501523" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 40.934324000000004, "longitude": 24.414039000000002, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-arrival" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-neapolis" }, { "id": "nicopolis", "name": "Nikopolis", "summary": "Nikopolis adalah tujuan pertemuan yang diusulkan dalam Titus, tempat pembicara menyatakan telah memutuskan melewatkan musim dingin. Undangan itu dikaitkan dengan keterangan pengutusan Artemas atau Tikhikus. Keterangan tersebut mencatat niat dan permintaan, bukan kunjungan pembicara atau Titus yang telah selesai. Keterangan itu saja tidak memastikan tempat tinggal saat itu, menentukan identitas geografis kota secara tepat, atau menyelesaikan tanggal dan kepengarangan historis langsung surat.", "anchors": [ { "id": "winter-plan", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Titus 3:12-15", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "letter-self-presentation", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Titus 1:1", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "named-recipient", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Titus 1:4", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "intended-winter-meeting", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "winter-plan" ], "qualifies": [ "letter-self-presentation", "named-recipient" ], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Surat kepada Titus meminta penerimanya datang ke Nikopolis untuk rencana tinggal selama musim dingin, dengan permintaan yang dikaitkan pada pengutusan Artemas atau Tikhikus di masa depan.", "limit": "Rencana yang dinyatakan tidak memastikan bahwa pembicara atau penerima tiba, salah satu utusan dikirim, atau identitas geografis kota yang tepat." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.nicopolis", "aliases": [ "Nicopolis" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "TIT 3:12" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "TIT 3:13" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "intended", "claimId": "intended-winter-meeting" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "titus" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-nicopolis" }, { "id": "pamphylia", "name": "Pamfilia", "summary": "Pamfilia adalah sebutan wilayah dalam beberapa konteks Kisah Para Rasul yang berbeda. Perga dikaitkan dengannya pada suatu perjalanan, keterangan lain melaporkan kedatangan di wilayah, dan perselisihan kemudian mengingat penarikan diri Yohanes yang disebut Markus di sana. Pelayaran menuju Italia juga menyebut laut di lepas Pamfilia. Penggunaan ini harus tetap berbeda: keberangkatan yang diingat kembali bukan kedatangan baru, dan perjalanan pesisir tidak memastikan pendaratan. Nama wilayah tidak memberikan rute tepat atau batas tetap.", "anchors": [ { "id": "perga-arrival", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 13:13-14", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "regional-return", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 14:24-25", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "john-retrospect", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 15:37-39", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "coastal-passage", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:5", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "639034; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/639034/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-regional-journeys", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "perga-arrival", "regional-return" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul mengaitkan Perga dengan Pamfilia dan kemudian menggambarkan para pelancong mencapai wilayah tersebut sebelum berbicara di Perga.", "limit": "Kota dan wilayah merupakan subjek berbeda, dan keterangan-keterangan itu tidak merinci setiap tempat yang dikunjungi atau mendefinisikan batas wilayah." }, { "id": "other-reference-roles", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "john-retrospect", "coastal-passage" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul secara terpisah mengingat penarikan diri Yohanes yang disebut Markus di Pamfilia dan kemudian menggambarkan pelayaran melintasi perairan lepas pesisirnya.", "limit": "Kisah retrospektif dan perjalanan lepas pantai bukan kedatangan tambahan yang dikisahkan dalam wilayah itu." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.pamphylia", "aliases": [ "Pamphylia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 13:13", "ACT 14:24", "ACT 15:38", "ACT 27:5" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 13:14", "ACT 14:25", "ACT 15:37" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "639034", "targetKind": "region", "receiptId": "r2-b04-pleiades-639034" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 36.92193782704162, "longitude": 30.947960035544238, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-regional-journeys" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-pamphylia" }, { "id": "paphos", "name": "Pafos", "summary": "Pafos adalah tujuan kota dalam Kisah Para Rasul setelah perjalanan para pelancong melintasi Siprus. Narasi menempatkan pertemuan yang melibatkan Barnabas, Saulus, dan gubernur di sana, lalu menggambarkan rombongan Paulus berlayar melanjutkan ke Perga. Latar kota berbeda dari seluruh pulau dan lokasi tepat pertemuan. Keterangan itu tidak mengidentifikasi kediaman pejabat yang masih ada, fasilitas pelabuhan tertentu, atau situs peristiwa yang dilaporkan yang diverifikasi secara independen.", "anchors": [ { "id": "island-traverse", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 13:4-6", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "official-encounter", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 13:7-12", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "onward-departure", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 13:13", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-city-arrival-and-departure", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "island-traverse", "onward-departure" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul melaporkan para pelancong mencapai Pafos setelah melintasi Siprus dan kemudian berlayar dari sana menuju Perga.", "limit": "Nama kota tidak mengidentifikasi seluruh pulau atau posisi pelabuhan yang tepat." }, { "id": "narrative-encounter-setting", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "official-encounter" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menjadikan Pafos latar pertemuan yang melibatkan Barnabas, Saulus, tokoh penentang, dan gubernur.", "limit": "Ini melaporkan latar narasi, bukan konfirmasi independen peristiwa atau identifikasi bangunan yang masih ada." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.paphos", "aliases": [ "Paphos" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 13:6", "ACT 13:13" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 13:7", "ACT 13:9", "ACT 13:12" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-city-arrival-and-departure" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-paphos" }, { "id": "patara", "name": "Patara", "summary": "Patara disebut dekat awal pelayaran dari wilayah Miletus menuju Fenisia. Kisah Para Rasul menempatkannya setelah Kos dan Rodos, lalu menggambarkan penemuan kapal untuk penyeberangan. Urutan itu memberikan peran bagi kota dalam perjalanan dan pergantian kapal rombongan yang dilaporkan. Keterangan tersebut tidak memberikan pelayanan setempat tersendiri, durasi tinggal, atau posisi pelabuhan tepat, dan penyeberangan yang direncanakan tidak mengidentifikasi setiap tempat kemudian yang dicapai sepanjang pesisir.", "anchors": [ { "id": "arrival-and-ship-change", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 21:1-3", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "miletus-departure-setting", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 20:15-17", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "639042; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/639042/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-arrival-and-transfer", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "arrival-and-ship-change" ], "qualifies": [ "miletus-departure-setting" ], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menempatkan Patara setelah Kos dan Rodos pada rute, lalu menggambarkan rombongan menaiki kapal untuk penyeberangan menuju Fenisia.", "limit": "Urutan itu tidak mengidentifikasi fasilitas pelabuhan tertentu atau memastikan pelayanan setempat maupun durasi tinggal." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.patara", "aliases": [ "Patara" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 21:1" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 21:2" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "639042", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b04-pleiades-639042" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 36.26179466666667, "longitude": 29.314500999999996, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-arrival-and-transfer" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-patara" }, { "id": "perga", "name": "Perga", "summary": "Perga muncul dalam dua latar perjalanan di Kisah Para Rasul. Yang pertama menggambarkan kedatangan dari Pafos, keberangkatan Yohanes yang disebut Markus, serta perpindahan para pelancong selanjutnya menuju Antiokhia yang dikaitkan dengan Pisidia. Keterangan kemudian secara eksplisit menggambarkan pemberitaan di Perga sebelum keberangkatan menuju Atalia. Kedua kisah tidak boleh dibuat identik: kedatangan pertama tidak dengan sendirinya mengisahkan kegiatan pengajaran kemudian. Kota itu juga berbeda dari keterangan wilayah Pamfilia maupun situs atau rute modern yang tepat.", "anchors": [ { "id": "earlier-arrival", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 13:13-14", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "later-proclamation", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 14:24-26", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "639048; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/639048/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "distinct-journey-notices", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "earlier-arrival", "later-proclamation" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul melaporkan kedatangan dan keberangkatan terdahulu di Perga dan kemudian secara eksplisit menggambarkan pemberitaan di sana sebelum perpindahan menuju Atalia.", "limit": "Keterangan pertama tidak memastikan bahwa pengajaran yang digambarkan kemudian terjadi pada kesempatan terdahulu, dan tidak satu pun menentukan situs pertemuan tepat." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.perga", "aliases": [ "Perga" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 13:13", "ACT 13:14", "ACT 14:25" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 14:24", "ACT 14:26" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "639048", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b04-pleiades-639048" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 36.964465605287096, "longitude": 30.853258601264926, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "distinct-journey-notices" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-perga" }, { "id": "philippi", "name": "Filipi", "summary": "Filipi adalah latar kota dalam Kisah Para Rasul bagi kedatangan rombongan perjalanan, hubungan dengan Lidia, perlakuan buruk di depan umum, dan pemenjaraan. Keterangan kemudian menggambarkan keberangkatan dari kota. Surat Filipi menyapa komunitas orang percayanya, sementara 1 Tesalonika secara terpisah mengingat penderitaan di sana. Dokumen-dokumen ini tidak dengan sendirinya memastikan satu kronologi yang disepakati bagi setiap kunjungan. Latar kota dan hubungan komunitas juga tidak mengidentifikasi tempat doa, rumah, penjara, atau monumen yang masih ada secara tepat.", "anchors": [ { "id": "arrival-and-lydia", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 16:11-15", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "custody", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 16:19-24", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "release-and-departure", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 16:35-40", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "later-sailing", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 20:5-6", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "letter-address", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Philippians 1:1-2", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "support-recollection", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Philippians 4:15-16", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "thessalonian-retrospect", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "1 Thessalonians 2:1-2", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "501482; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/501482/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "acts-city-arrival", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "arrival-and-lydia", "later-sailing" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul melaporkan rombongan mencapai Filipi, mengaitkan latar dengan Lidia, dan kemudian menggambarkan pelayaran meninggalkan kota.", "limit": "Keterangan-keterangan itu tidak mengidentifikasi tempat doa, rumah, atau pelabuhan yang tepat, atau memastikan jumlah seluruh kunjungan." }, { "id": "reported-custody", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "custody", "release-and-departure" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul mengisahkan pemukulan di depan umum, pemenjaraan, dan pembebasan yang melibatkan Paulus serta Silas di Filipi.", "limit": "Ini merupakan kisah narasi, bukan identifikasi independen penjara yang digali atau lokasi pengadilan yang masih ada." }, { "id": "letter-community-and-retrospect", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "letter-address", "support-recollection", "thessalonian-retrospect" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Surat Filipi menyapa komunitas dan mengingat dukungan materi, sementara 1 Tesalonika secara terpisah mengingat perlakuan buruk di Filipi.", "limit": "Hubungan komunitas dan kisah retrospektif tidak secara otomatis menyamakan setiap keterangan surat dengan episode tertentu dalam Kisah Para Rasul." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.philippi", "aliases": [ "Philippi" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:12", "ACT 20:6", "PHI 1:1", "1TH 2:2" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:13", "ACT 16:14", "ACT 16:19", "ACT 16:23", "ACT 16:40", "PHI 4:15" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "501482", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b04-pleiades-501482" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 41.012651339626466, "longitude": 24.284637286816082, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "acts-city-arrival" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "philippians", "1-thessalonians" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-philippi" }, { "id": "phoenicia", "name": "Fenisia", "summary": "Fenisia muncul dalam Kisah Para Rasul sebagai wilayah yang dicapai orang percaya yang tersebar, dilintasi dalam perjalanan menuju Yerusalem, dan disebut sebagai tujuan penyeberangan kapal yang direncanakan. Hubungan ini menyangkut orang serta tahap perpindahan yang berbeda. Perjalanan Paulus dan Barnabas yang dilaporkan berbeda dari perjalanan orang percaya terdahulu dan tujuan kapal. Nama wilayah tidak memastikan pendaratan pada setiap penyebutan, daftar lengkap kota yang dikunjungi, atau kesetaraan dengan batas modern.", "anchors": [ { "id": "scattered-believers", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 11:19", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "reported-regional-passage", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 15:2-4", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "ship-destination", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 21:1-3", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "678334; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/678334/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-journey-through-region", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "reported-regional-passage" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menggambarkan Paulus, Barnabas, dan rombongan melewati Fenisia dalam perjalanan menuju Yerusalem.", "limit": "Perjalanan wilayah itu tidak merinci kota yang dikunjungi, mengidentifikasi jalan tepat, atau memastikan tempat tinggal." }, { "id": "different-movement-roles", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "scattered-believers", "ship-destination" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul secara terpisah mengaitkan Fenisia dengan perpindahan orang percaya yang tersebar dan dengan tujuan penyeberangan kapal.", "limit": "Perjalanan orang percaya terdahulu bukan kunjungan Paulus, dan tujuan kapal saja bukan kedatangan di setiap tempat dalam wilayah itu." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.phoenicia", "aliases": [ "Phoenicia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 11:19", "ACT 15:3", "ACT 21:2" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 15:2", "ACT 15:4", "ACT 21:3" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "678334", "targetKind": "region", "receiptId": "r2-b04-pleiades-678334" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 33.25, "longitude": 35.25, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-journey-through-region" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-phoenicia" }, { "id": "phoenix", "name": "Feniks", "summary": "Feniks adalah pelabuhan di Kreta yang diusulkan sebagai tujuan musim dingin dalam Kisah Para Rasul 27. Mayoritas memilih mencoba mencapainya setelah pembahasan di Pelabuhan Indah, dan kapal kemudian berangkat sebelum menghadapi badai. Bagian itu tidak mengisahkan kedatangan di Feniks. Deskripsi pelabuhannya tidak dengan sendirinya memastikan situs modern atau posisi tepat, dan usulan rombongan tidak boleh dikacaukan dengan peringatan Paulus sebelumnya tentang melanjutkan pelayaran.", "anchors": [ { "id": "proposed-winter-harbour", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:8-14", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "proposed-winter-destination", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "proposed-winter-harbour" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul mengidentifikasi Feniks sebagai pelabuhan di Kreta dan melaporkan usulan mayoritas untuk mencoba mencapainya guna melewatkan musim dingin.", "limit": "Usulan itu bukan kedatangan yang selesai atau dukungan pribadi Paulus. Tidak diterima pelabuhan modern, situs kandidat kuno, atau koordinat tepat berdasarkan deskripsi ini saja." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.phoenix", "aliases": [ "Phoenix" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:12" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:9", "ACT 27:10", "ACT 27:11", "ACT 27:13", "ACT 27:14" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "site", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-phoenix" }, { "id": "phrygia", "name": "Frigia", "summary": "Frigia disebut bersama Galatia dalam dua keterangan Kisah Para Rasul tentang perjalanan wilayah. Yang pertama menghubungkan perjalanan wilayah dengan larangan memberitakan di provinsi Asia, sementara keterangan kemudian menggambarkan penguatan para murid di sepanjang perjalanan. Penyebutan berpasangan tidak dengan sendirinya mendefinisikan satu batas antarwilayah yang telah disepakati atau mengidentifikasi setiap komunitas yang dikunjungi. Ini merupakan perpindahan yang dilaporkan, tetapi tidak memberikan rute tepat, koordinat kota tertentu, atau cakupan administratif Frigia yang disepakati.", "anchors": [ { "id": "first-regional-notice", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 16:6-8", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "later-regional-notice", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 18:22-23", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "paired-regional-journeys", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "first-regional-notice", "later-regional-notice" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menyebut Frigia bersama Galatia dalam dua deskripsi perjalanan melalui latar wilayah.", "limit": "Nama-nama berpasangan tidak dengan sendirinya menyelesaikan hubungan antara wilayah historis dan wilayah administratif atau merinci kota-kota yang dikunjungi." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.phrygia", "aliases": [ "Phrygia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:6", "ACT 18:23" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:7", "ACT 18:22" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "paired-regional-journeys" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-phrygia" }, { "id": "pisidia", "name": "Pisidia", "summary": "Pisidia muncul dalam Kisah Para Rasul sebagai keterangan yang dilekatkan kepada Antiokhia maupun wilayah yang dilewati para pelancong dalam perjalanan kembali. Penggunaan ini harus tetap dibedakan: nama kota mengidentifikasi Antiokhia tertentu, sementara keterangan perpindahan kemudian menyangkut wilayah. Keterangan itu saja tidak mendefinisikan perbatasan atau memastikan perjalanan di seluruh Pisidia. Tidak satu pun kemunculan memberikan rute tepat, daftar lengkap permukiman yang dikunjungi, atau batas administratif yang diterima.", "anchors": [ { "id": "antioch-qualification", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 13:13-14", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "regional-passage", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 14:23-25", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "639060; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/639060/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "city-qualifier-and-region", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "antioch-qualification", "regional-passage" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menggunakan Pisidia untuk memberi keterangan pada Antiokhia dan kemudian secara eksplisit menggambarkan para pelancong melewati Pisidia sebelum mencapai Pamfilia.", "limit": "Kota dan wilayah merupakan subjek terpisah. Keterangan Antiokhia saja tidak mendefinisikan cakupan wilayah atau memastikan kunjungan wilayah tambahan." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.pisidia", "aliases": [ "Pisidia" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 13:14", "ACT 14:24" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 14:23", "ACT 14:25" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "639060", "targetKind": "region", "receiptId": "r2-b04-pleiades-639060" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 37.470800730949286, "longitude": 31.014588471403783, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "city-qualifier-and-region" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-pisidia" }, { "id": "pontus", "name": "Pontus", "summary": "Pontus disebut dalam Kisah Para Rasul melalui deskripsi Akwila ketika Paulus menemuinya di Korintus. Narasi memberikan keterkaitan Pontus bagi Akwila dan secara terpisah menggambarkan kedatangan baru-baru ini dari Italia bersama Priskila. Hubungan itu tidak boleh disatukan menjadi tempat lahir atau asal-usul bersama pasangan tersebut. Nama wilayah juga tidak memastikan kunjungan Paulus, tempat lahir tepat Akwila, atau satu batas tetap wilayah kuno.", "anchors": [ { "id": "aquila-association", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 18:1-3", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "857287; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/857287/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "aquila-regional-association", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "aquila-association" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul memberikan keterkaitan geografis Pontus bagi Akwila dalam kisah pertemuan Paulus dengannya di Korintus.", "limit": "Keterangan itu tidak memberikan asal-usul tersebut kepada Priskila, memastikan tempat lahir tepat Akwila, atau melaporkan kunjungan Paulus ke Pontus." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Pontus" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 18:2" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 18:1", "ACT 18:3" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "857287", "targetKind": "region", "receiptId": "r2-b04-pleiades-857287" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 40.221356696658404, "longitude": 37.92341619989857, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-pontus" }, { "id": "ptolemais", "name": "Ptolemais", "summary": "Ptolemais adalah tempat kedatangan setelah pelayaran dari Tirus dalam Kisah Para Rasul 21. Para pelancong menyapa orang percaya dan kisah secara eksplisit melaporkan tinggal satu hari sebelum perpindahan selanjutnya ke Kaisarea. Karena itu, keterangan tersebut menggambarkan tahap perjalanan sekaligus hubungan dengan komunitas. Keterangan itu tidak mengidentifikasi rumah pertemuan, pelabuhan tepat, atau setiap bagian permukiman yang dikunjungi, dan tidak memastikan masa tinggal yang lama atau misi setempat yang dikisahkan terpisah.", "anchors": [ { "id": "arrival-and-stay", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 21:7-8", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-arrival-and-day-stay", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "arrival-and-stay" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul melaporkan kedatangan di Ptolemais, salam kepada orang percaya, dan tinggal satu hari sebelum rombongan melanjutkan menuju Kaisarea.", "limit": "Hari yang dilaporkan tidak mengidentifikasi penginapan, pelabuhan tepat, atau masa tinggal yang lama." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.ptolemais", "aliases": [ "Ptolemais" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 21:7" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 21:8" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-arrival-and-day-stay" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-ptolemais" }, { "id": "puteoli", "name": "Puteoli", "summary": "Puteoli adalah kota yang dicapai menjelang akhir perjalanan laut dalam Kisah Para Rasul 28. Setelah kedatangan, kisah menggambarkan penemuan orang percaya dan penerimaan undangan untuk tetap bersama mereka selama tujuh hari sebelum narasi berlanjut menuju Roma. Kedatangan dan undangan merupakan jenis keterangan berbeda. Masa tinggal yang diusulkan tidak boleh diubah menjadi bukti penginapan tertentu, masa tinggal yang lama, atau rangkaian perjalanan tepat melalui setiap tempat antara Puteoli dan Roma.", "anchors": [ { "id": "arrival-and-invitation", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 28:12-16", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "432815; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/432815/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-arrival-and-invitation", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "arrival-and-invitation" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul melaporkan kapal mencapai Puteoli dan orang percaya setempat mengundang para pelancong tinggal selama tujuh hari.", "limit": "Durasi undangan tidak mengidentifikasi situs penginapan atau secara independen memastikan kalender perjalanan tepat maupun masa tinggal yang lama." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.puteoli", "aliases": [ "Puteoli" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 28:13" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 28:14", "ACT 28:15" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "432815", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b04-pleiades-432815" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 40.825838, "longitude": 14.121741499999999, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-arrival-and-invitation" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-puteoli" }, { "id": "rhegium", "name": "Regium", "summary": "Regium disebut menjelang akhir pelayaran ke Roma dalam Kisah Para Rasul. Kapal mencapainya setelah Sirakusa, dan keterangan berikutnya menghubungkan kemajuan selanjutnya menuju Puteoli dengan angin selatan. Kisah itu menggambarkan tahap perjalanan, bukan pelayanan setempat atau masa tinggal yang lama. Keterangan tersebut tidak mengidentifikasi fasilitas pelabuhan tepat, tempat Paulus menginap, atau jalur kapal yang tepat di sekitar pesisir sebelum dan setelah persinggahan.", "anchors": [ { "id": "voyage-stage", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 28:12-14", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "452416; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/452416/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-arrival", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "voyage-stage" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul melaporkan kapal mencapai Regium di antara Sirakusa dan Puteoli, dengan angin selatan yang dikaitkan dengan pelayaran selanjutnya.", "limit": "Keterangan kedatangan tidak memastikan kegiatan setempat, penginapan, atau pelabuhan dan lintasan pelayaran yang tepat." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.rhegium", "aliases": [ "Rhegium" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 28:13" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 28:12", "ACT 28:14" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "452416", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b05-pleiades-452416" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 38.109279, "longitude": 15.64393, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-arrival" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-rhegium" }, { "id": "rhodes", "name": "Rodos", "summary": "Rodos disebut di antara Kos dan Patara dalam pelayaran yang digambarkan Kisah Para Rasul 21. Urutan singkat itu memberikan peran baginya dalam perpindahan rombongan yang dilaporkan, tanpa menggambarkan pertemuan, pelayanan, atau durasi tinggal setempat. Subjek pulau juga berbeda dari pertanyaan tentang kota, pelabuhan, atau titik pesisir mana yang dicapai kapal. Nama tempat saja tidak mengidentifikasi fasilitas pendaratan kuno atau memastikan perjalanan melintasi pulau.", "anchors": [ { "id": "voyage-sequence", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 21:1-3", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "590031; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/590031/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-voyage-stage", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "voyage-sequence" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menempatkan Rodos di antara Kos dan Patara dalam pelayaran rombongan.", "limit": "Tahap yang disebut tidak mengidentifikasi kota atau pelabuhan tertentu, memastikan perjalanan melintasi pulau, atau menggambarkan pelayanan setempat." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.rhodes", "aliases": [ "Rhodes" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 21:1" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 21:2" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "590031", "targetKind": "island", "receiptId": "r2-b05-pleiades-590031" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "island", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 36.179110443681076, "longitude": 27.97207626591052, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-voyage-stage" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-rhodes" }, { "id": "rome", "name": "Roma", "summary": "Roma merupakan tujuan yang diusulkan dan kemudian kedatangan yang dilaporkan dalam Kisah Para Rasul, yang berakhir dengan masa tinggal dua tahun Paulus untuk menerima pengunjung serta mengajar. Surat Roma secara terpisah menyapa orang percaya di kota dan menyatakan keinginan mengunjungi mereka. 2 Timotius menghubungkan Roma dengan pencarian pembicara oleh Onesiforus. Dokumen-dokumen ini mempertahankan latar terpisah dan tidak dengan sendirinya memastikan satu kronologi lengkap. Keberangkatan orang lain serta label hukum atau penduduk Romawi bukan kedatangan tambahan Paulus.", "anchors": [ { "id": "acts-goal", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 19:21", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "acts-assurance", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 23:11", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "acts-arrival", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 28:14-16", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "acts-final-stay", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 28:30-31", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "romans-audience-and-plan", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Romans 1:7-15", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "onesiphorus-search", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Timothy 1:16-18", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "acts-goal-and-arrival", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "acts-goal", "acts-assurance", "acts-arrival", "acts-final-stay" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul mula-mula menampilkan Roma sebagai tujuan dan kemudian melaporkan kedatangan Paulus, penginapan yang dijaga, serta masa dua tahun untuk menerima pengunjung dan mengajar.", "limit": "Narasi tidak mengidentifikasi rumah sewaan yang masih ada atau memastikan peristiwa setelah akhir narasi, dan niat terdahulu bukan kedatangan selesai yang terpisah." }, { "id": "romans-audience-and-intention", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "romans-audience-and-plan" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Surat Roma menyapa orang percaya di Roma dan menyatakan keinginan Paulus berkunjung serta memberitakan Injil di antara mereka.", "limit": "Sapaan dan niat tidak memastikan kedatangan sebelumnya atau membuktikan tempat surat ditulis." }, { "id": "separate-letter-search", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "onesiphorus-search" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "2 Timotius menggambarkan Onesiforus mencari dan menemukan penulis dalam kaitan dengan Roma.", "limit": "Keterangan surat terpisah ini tidak dengan sendirinya menyamakan kesempatan dengan masa tinggal dalam Kisah Para Rasul atau secara independen memastikan tanggal dan kepengarangan surat." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.rome", "aliases": [ "Rome" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 18:2", "ACT 19:21", "ACT 23:11", "ACT 28:14", "ACT 28:16", "ROM 1:7", "ROM 1:15", "2TI 1:17" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 28:30", "ACT 28:31", "ROM 1:10", "ROM 1:13", "2TI 1:16" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "acts-goal-and-arrival" }, { "personId": "paul", "relation": "intended", "claimId": "romans-audience-and-intention" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "romans", "2-timothy" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-rome" }, { "id": "salamis", "name": "Salamis", "summary": "Salamis adalah latar kota bagi pemberitaan setelah kedatangan rombongan di Siprus dalam Kisah Para Rasul 13. Narasi menggambarkan pemberitaan di rumah-rumah ibadat Yahudi serta menyebut Yohanes yang disebut Markus sebagai pembantu rombongan sebelum perpindahan selanjutnya melintasi pulau menuju Pafos. Kota dan seluruh pulau tetap merupakan subjek geografis berbeda. Kisah itu tidak mengidentifikasi pelabuhan tepat, bangunan rumah ibadat, atau jalur lengkap melalui permukiman, dan tidak memberikan durasi kunjungan yang ditetapkan secara independen.", "anchors": [ { "id": "city-activity", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 13:4-6", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "707617; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/707617/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-city-setting", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "city-activity" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menempatkan rombongan di Salamis untuk pemberitaan di rumah ibadat, dengan Yohanes yang disebut Markus membantu mereka, sebelum perjalanan pulau berlanjut.", "limit": "Latar kota tidak mengidentifikasi rumah ibadat tertentu yang masih ada, tempat pendaratan tepat, atau kunjungan yang diberi tanggal secara independen." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.salamis", "aliases": [ "Salamis" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 13:5" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 13:4", "ACT 13:6" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "707617", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b05-pleiades-707617" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 35.17958130195956, "longitude": 33.902856966815534, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-city-setting" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-salamis" }, { "id": "salmone", "name": "Salmone", "summary": "Salmone disebut sebagai rujukan pesisir; kapal melewatinya dari posisi berhadapan ketika berlayar di sepanjang Kreta dalam Kisah Para Rasul 27. Perannya menggambarkan posisi kapal selama keadaan angin yang sulit, sebelum narasi mencapai Pelabuhan Indah. Keterangan itu tidak melaporkan turun ke darat di Salmone atau mengunjungi permukiman di sana. Keterangan tersebut juga tidak memberikan lintasan lepas pantai tepat, titik tanjung hasil survei, atau kesesuaian dengan fitur pesisir modern yang diperiksa secara independen.", "anchors": [ { "id": "coastal-position", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:7-8", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "offshore-landmark", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "coastal-position" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menempatkan kapal berhadapan dengan Salmone selama perjalanan sulit di sepanjang Kreta.", "limit": "Rujukan pesisir tidak memastikan pendaratan atau posisi kapal tepat, dan tidak ada pencocokan tanjung modern yang diterima di sini." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.salmone", "aliases": [ "Salmone" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:7" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:8" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "site", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-salmone" }, { "id": "samaria", "name": "Samaria", "summary": "Samaria digunakan dalam Kisah Para Rasul untuk latar wilayah dan komunitas, termasuk kegiatan Filipus serta perjalanan kemudian oleh Paulus dan Barnabas. Beberapa bagian dapat melibatkan kota, wilayah, atau penduduknya, sehingga tidak semuanya dialokasikan kepada satu kota fisik. Keterangan wilayah dan label penduduk Samaria tetap berbeda dari bentuk-bentuk yang belum terselesaikan itu. Nama tersebut tidak memberikan satu koordinat kota, batas wilayah lengkap, atau kunjungan pada setiap kemunculan.", "anchors": [ { "id": "scattered-community", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 8:1", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "philip-setting", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 8:5-9", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "reception-and-communities", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 8:14-25", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "regional-communities", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 9:31", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "reported-passage", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 15:2-4", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "regional-community-settings", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "scattered-community", "reception-and-communities", "regional-communities" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menyebut Samaria dalam keterangan tentang komunitas yang tersebar, penerimaan pesan, dan keadaan komunitas orang percaya.", "limit": "Deskripsi kolektif dan wilayah tidak mengidentifikasi satu kota atau memastikan kehadiran Paulus dalam setiap komunitas." }, { "id": "reported-regional-passage", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "reported-passage" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menggambarkan Paulus, Barnabas, dan rombongan melewati Samaria dalam perjalanan menuju Yerusalem.", "limit": "Perjalanan wilayah tidak menentukan lokasi jalan tepat, mengidentifikasi setiap kota yang dikunjungi, atau memastikan tempat tinggal." }, { "id": "unresolved-local-referent", "claimType": "interpretive", "epistemicStatus": "debated", "confidence": "debated", "supports": [ "philip-setting" ], "qualifies": [ "reception-and-communities" ], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [ "city-reading", "regional-or-population-reading" ], "statement": "Bentuk-bentuk Samaria dalam latar setempat Filipus menyisakan pembacaan kota, wilayah, dan penduduk yang memerlukan pertimbangan terpisah.", "limit": "Kemunculan-kemunculan ini tidak secara tegas mengidentifikasi satu kota fisik atau memberikan lokasi tepat." } ], "alternatives": [ { "id": "city-reading", "supports": [ "philip-setting" ], "qualifies": [], "label": "Pembacaan kota", "statement": "Sebutan setempat dapat merujuk kepada kota tertentu, yang identitas historis dan posisinya masih memerlukan tinjauan." }, { "id": "regional-or-population-reading", "supports": [ "philip-setting", "reception-and-communities" ], "qualifies": [], "label": "Pembacaan wilayah atau penduduk", "statement": "Nama itu dapat merujuk kepada wilayah atau penduduknya, bukan secara tegas mengidentifikasi satu kota." } ], "protectedEntityId": "place.samaria", "aliases": [ "Samaria" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 8:1", "ACT 8:14", "ACT 9:31", "ACT 15:3" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 8:5", "ACT 8:6", "ACT 8:9", "ACT 8:25", "ACT 15:2", "ACT 15:4" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-regional-passage" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-samaria" }, { "id": "samos", "name": "Samos", "summary": "Samos disebut dalam pelayaran pesisir Kisah Para Rasul 20 di antara posisi berhadapan dengan Kios dan kedatangan kemudian di Miletus. Kisah membedakan singgah di Samos dari masa tinggal di Trogilium. Subjek pulau juga tidak menentukan kota, pelabuhan, durasi tinggal, atau jalur melintasi pulau tertentu, dan keterangan tersebut tidak menggambarkan pelayanan setempat.", "anchors": [ { "id": "voyage-distinction", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 20:14-16", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "599926; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/599926/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-voyage-call", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "voyage-distinction" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul melaporkan kapal singgah di Samos dan secara terpisah menggambarkan masa tinggal di Trogilium sebelum Miletus.", "limit": "Masa tinggal terpisah tidak boleh dipindahkan kepada Samos, dan nama pulau tidak mengidentifikasi pelabuhan tepat atau memastikan perjalanan melintasi pulau." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.samos", "aliases": [ "Samos" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 20:15" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 20:14", "ACT 20:16" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "599926", "targetKind": "island", "receiptId": "r2-b05-pleiades-599926" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "island", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 37.73246007056743, "longitude": 26.839125346712173, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-voyage-call" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-samos" }, { "id": "samothrace", "name": "Samotrake", "summary": "Samotrake adalah sasaran pulau bernama dalam ruas pertama pelayaran dari Troas menuju Makedonia dalam Kisah Para Rasul 16. Narasi menggambarkan lintasan langsung ke sana sebelum tahap berikutnya menuju Neapolis. Ini memberikan peran bagi pulau dalam urutan pelayaran tanpa menggambarkan pertemuan setempat, kegiatan di darat, atau durasi tinggal. Rujukan lintasan tidak mengidentifikasi pelabuhan, posisi lepas pantai tepat, atau perjalanan melintasi pulau.", "anchors": [ { "id": "sailing-course", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 16:9-12", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "501597; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/501597/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "island-in-sailing-course", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "sailing-course" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menggambarkan lintasan langsung kapal ke Samotrake sebelum tahap berikutnya menuju Neapolis.", "limit": "Rujukan lintasan itu tidak dengan sendirinya menggambarkan kegiatan di darat, pelabuhan tepat, atau perjalanan melintasi pulau." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.samothrace", "aliases": [ "Samothrace" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:11" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:10", "ACT 16:12" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "501597", "targetKind": "island", "receiptId": "r2-b05-pleiades-501597" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "island", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 40.45231423322517, "longitude": 25.57623818601237, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-samothrace" }, { "id": "seleucia", "name": "Seleukia", "summary": "Seleukia adalah tempat yang didatangi Barnabas dan Saulus sebelum berlayar ke Siprus dalam Kisah Para Rasul 13. Perannya berbeda dari Antiokhia, latar komunitas yang mengutus mereka, serta tujuan pulau. Keterangan singkat itu memberikan peran keberangkatan bagi Seleukia tanpa menggambarkan pemberitaan setempat, masa tinggal, atau fasilitas pelabuhan tertentu. Identifikasi geografis dan pembedaan dari kota-kota lain bernama Seleukia memerlukan bukti di luar kesamaan nama saja.", "anchors": [ { "id": "departure-setting", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 13:1-5", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "658483; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/658483/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-departure-place", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "departure-setting" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul melaporkan Barnabas dan Saulus pergi ke Seleukia dan berlayar dari sana menuju Siprus.", "limit": "Keberangkatan tidak memastikan pelayanan setempat atau durasi tinggal, dan kesamaan nama saja tidak menyelesaikan setiap tempat lain bernama Seleukia." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.seleucia", "aliases": [ "Seleucia", "Seleucia Pieria" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 13:4" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 13:3", "ACT 13:5" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "658483", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b05-pleiades-658483" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 36.121264499999995, "longitude": 35.9285965, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-departure-place" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-seleucia" }, { "id": "sharon", "name": "Saron", "summary": "Saron disebut bersama Lida dalam narasi Kisah Para Rasul tentang tanggapan terhadap kesembuhan Eneas. Bagian itu menyangkut orang-orang yang dikaitkan dengan tempat-tempat tersebut dan mengaitkan tanggapan mereka dengan apa yang dilihat. Keterangan itu tidak mengisahkan perjalanan Paulus atau memastikan tempat tinggalnya dalam wilayah tersebut. Deskripsi kolektif itu juga bukan survei penduduk independen, dan tidak memberikan batas wilayah lengkap atau situs tepat bagi pertemuan yang dilaporkan.", "anchors": [ { "id": "reported-population-response", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 9:32-35", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "465843763; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/465843763/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "regional-response-notice", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "reported-population-response" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul mengaitkan orang-orang Saron, bersama orang-orang Lida, dengan tanggapan terhadap episode Eneas.", "limit": "Laporan kolektif itu tidak secara independen menyurvei setiap penduduk, memastikan kunjungan Paulus, atau menentukan lokasi situs peristiwa tepat." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Sharon" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 9:35" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 9:32", "ACT 9:34" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "465843763", "targetKind": "region", "receiptId": "r2-b05-pleiades-465843763" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 32.28333, "longitude": 34.91667, "precision": "regional-representative", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-sharon" }, { "id": "sidon", "name": "Sidon", "summary": "Sidon muncul dalam Kisah Para Rasul pada episode politik yang melibatkan Herodes dan dalam pelayaran kemudian yang melibatkan Paulus. Keterangan pertama menyangkut orang-orang yang dikaitkan dengan Tirus dan Sidon yang mencari perdamaian; yang kedua melaporkan kedatangan kapal dan izin bagi Paulus menerima bantuan dari teman-teman. Ini merupakan latar dan pelaku yang berbeda. Izin itu tidak menggambarkan rumah tertentu atau memastikan tempat tinggal, dan nama kota tidak mengidentifikasi pelabuhan atau rute kuno yang tepat.", "anchors": [ { "id": "political-episode", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 12:20-21", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "voyage-call", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:1-3", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "678393; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/678393/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "other-actors-context", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "political-episode" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul mengaitkan penduduk Sidon dengan permohonan kepada Herodes bersama penduduk Tirus.", "limit": "Episode ini menyangkut orang-orang tersebut dan penguasa, bukan kunjungan Paulus." }, { "id": "reported-voyage-call", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "voyage-call" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul melaporkan kapal mencapai Sidon dan perwira mengizinkan Paulus memperoleh bantuan dari teman-teman.", "limit": "Izin itu tidak dengan sendirinya mengidentifikasi rumah atau mengisahkan setiap tindakan Paulus, dan latar kota tidak memastikan masa tinggal yang lama." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.sidon", "aliases": [ "Sidon" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 12:20", "ACT 27:3" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 12:21", "ACT 27:1" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "678393", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b05-pleiades-678393" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 33.561947249999996, "longitude": 35.3727895, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-voyage-call" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-sidon" }, { "id": "sodom", "name": "Sodom", "summary": "Sodom disebut dalam Roma dalam perbandingan kitab suci yang diatribusikan kepada Yesaya. Surat itu memasangkannya dengan Gomora ketika membahas Israel dan umat yang tersisa. Kota yang diingat berfungsi dalam argumen tersebut, bukan sebagai tujuan perjalanan Paulus. Penggunaan ini tidak secara independen memastikan lokasi kota, mengonfirmasi kisah kehancuran, atau menetapkan situs arkeologis modern. Penggunaan itu harus tetap dibedakan dari klaim geografis yang diperlukan untuk mengidentifikasi permukiman kuno.", "anchors": [ { "id": "scriptural-comparison", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Romans 9:27-33", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "city-in-scriptural-comparison", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "scriptural-comparison" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Roma merujuk kepada Sodom bersama Gomora dalam perbandingan yang diatribusikan kepada Yesaya, sebagai bagian dari argumennya tentang Israel.", "limit": "Perbandingan itu bukan rangkaian perjalanan Paulus atau bukti independen yang menentukan lokasi kota maupun memverifikasi tradisi kehancurannya." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Sodom" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ROM 9:29" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ROM 9:27", "ROM 9:28", "ROM 9:30" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [ "romans" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-sodom" }, { "id": "spain", "name": "Spanyol", "summary": "Spanyol adalah tujuan yang direncanakan dalam keterangan Roma tentang perjalanan mendatang. Paulus berharap menemui para penerima di Roma dalam perjalanan dan menerima bantuan mereka, serta kemudian menempatkan perjalanan itu setelah penyelesaian pelayanan yang berkaitan dengan Yerusalem. Ini merupakan niat dalam surat, bukan laporan bahwa Spanyol telah dicapai. Bagian-bagian itu tidak merinci kota, rute, atau durasi di sana, memastikan selesainya perjalanan kemudian, atau mendefinisikan wilayah berdasarkan batas negara modern.", "anchors": [ { "id": "travel-project", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Romans 15:22-29", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "projected-westward-journey", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "travel-project" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Roma menampilkan Spanyol sebagai tujuan yang direncanakan, dengan harapan mengunjungi para penerima dan menerima bantuan dalam perjalanan setelah pelayanan Yerusalem yang direncanakan.", "limit": "Rencana dan harapan tidak memastikan kedatangan di Spanyol, mengidentifikasi kota, atau menunjukkan apakah perjalanan kemudian telah selesai." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.spain", "aliases": [ "Spain" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ROM 15:24", "ROM 15:28" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ROM 15:22", "ROM 15:23", "ROM 15:25" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "intended", "claimId": "projected-westward-journey" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "romans" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-spain" }, { "id": "straight-street-damascus", "name": "Jalan Lurus", "summary": "Nama jalan yang dinyatakan adalah Lurus, dan narasi di sekitarnya dalam Kisah Para Rasul menempatkan jalan itu di Damsyik. Jalan tersebut muncul dalam petunjuk kepada Ananias untuk menemukan Saulus di sebuah rumah, disusul kunjungan Ananias. Jalan bernama dan kota yang melingkupinya adalah subjek berbeda. Ini tidak mengidentifikasi setiap jalan lurus atau memastikan bahwa jalan modern mengikuti jalur, batas bangunan, atau lokasi rumah yang sama seperti digambarkan dalam narasi.", "anchors": [ { "id": "street-instruction-and-visit", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 9:8-17", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "named-street-instruction", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "street-instruction-and-visit" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menggambarkan petunjuk kepada Ananias yang menempatkan Saulus di rumah pada jalan bernama Lurus di Damsyik.", "limit": "Petunjuk dan kunjungan rumah berikutnya tidak memastikan jalur jalan modern atau mengidentifikasi rumah yang digali." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Straight" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 9:11" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 9:10", "ACT 9:12", "ACT 9:17" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "site", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "mentioned", "claimId": "named-street-instruction" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-straight-street-damascus" }, { "id": "syracuse", "name": "Sirakusa", "summary": "Sirakusa adalah kota yang disebut setelah pelayaran dari pulau dalam Kisah Para Rasul 28. Narasi melaporkan kedatangan dan tinggal tiga hari sebelum perjalanan berlanjut menuju Regium. Ini merupakan keterangan eksplisit tentang perjalanan serta durasi, bukan kesimpulan dari asal seseorang. Keterangan itu tidak menggambarkan misi setempat, mengidentifikasi penginapan, atau memastikan pelabuhan tepat, garis pantai kuno, atau jalur lengkap yang ditempuh melalui kota selama masa tinggal.", "anchors": [ { "id": "arrival-and-stay", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 28:11-13", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-three-day-stay", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "arrival-and-stay" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul melaporkan kedatangan di Sirakusa dan tinggal tiga hari sebelum pelayaran selanjutnya.", "limit": "Durasi yang dilaporkan tidak mengidentifikasi penginapan, pelayanan setempat, atau pelabuhan dan rute kota yang tepat." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.syracuse", "aliases": [ "Syracuse" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 28:12" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 28:11", "ACT 28:13" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-three-day-stay" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-syracuse" }, { "id": "syria", "name": "Siria", "summary": "Siria adalah sebutan wilayah dalam Kisah Para Rasul dan Galatia, digunakan untuk komunitas, perpindahan yang dilaporkan, serta perjalanan laut. Beberapa keterangan menggambarkan perjalanan melalui wilayah, sementara yang lain menyangkut tujuan pelayaran atau rencana yang berubah. Peran-peran ini tidak menjadikan setiap kemunculan sebagai kedatangan yang selesai. Subjek wilayah kuno tetap berbeda dari satu kota, Asyur, dan batas negara modern, dan bagian-bagian itu tidak memberikan satu cakupan administratif tetap atau rangkaian perjalanan lengkap.", "anchors": [ { "id": "community-address", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 15:23", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "acts-regional-journey", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 15:40-41", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "galatians-movement", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Galatians 1:21", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "departure-towards-syria", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 18:18-22", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "changed-voyage-plan", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 20:3", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "voyage-and-landing", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 21:1-3", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-regional-movement", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "acts-regional-journey", "galatians-movement" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menggambarkan perpindahan melalui Siria bersama Silas, dan Galatia secara terpisah melaporkan perpindahan ke wilayah Siria dan Kilikia.", "limit": "Keterangan dokumen ini tidak secara otomatis menyelaraskan perjalanan atau memastikan rute maupun tempat tinggal yang tepat." }, { "id": "distinct-sea-journey-roles", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "departure-towards-syria", "changed-voyage-plan", "voyage-and-landing" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menyebut Siria dalam keberangkatan, pelayaran terencana yang berubah arah, dan perjalanan laut kemudian yang diikuti pendaratan di Tirus.", "limit": "Tujuan, rencana yang berubah, dan pendaratan yang dilaporkan merupakan jenis bukti berbeda dan tidak boleh semuanya menjadi kedatangan wilayah tambahan." }, { "id": "regional-community-address", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "community-address" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul memasukkan Siria dalam sapaan wilayah pada surat komunitas yang dikirim bersama para utusan.", "limit": "Sapaan itu mengidentifikasi keterkaitan wilayah penerima, bukan kehadiran Paulus di setiap komunitas." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.syria", "aliases": [ "Syria" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 15:23", "ACT 15:41", "ACT 18:18", "ACT 20:3", "ACT 21:3", "GAL 1:21" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 15:40", "ACT 18:19", "ACT 21:2" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "region", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-regional-movement" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "galatians" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-syria" }, { "id": "syrtis", "name": "Sirtis", "summary": "Sirtis adalah bahaya laut bernama yang ditakuti selama pelayaran berbadai dalam Kisah Para Rasul 27. Setelah perjalanan di sisi terlindung sebuah pulau, kisah menggambarkan tindakan melindungi kapal karena orang-orang di atasnya takut kandas pada gosong pasir. Karena itu, nama tersebut termasuk dalam bahaya yang diantisipasi, bukan kedatangan di sana yang dilaporkan. Keterangan itu tidak memastikan posisi kapal tepat, gosong hasil survei, pendaratan, atau rute yang dapat direkonstruksi dari rujukan ini saja.", "anchors": [ { "id": "feared-maritime-danger", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:16-18", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "anticipated-maritime-hazard", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "feared-maritime-danger" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menyebut gosong pasir Sirtis sebagai bahaya yang ditakuti ketika tindakan diambil untuk melindungi kapal yang didorong badai.", "limit": "Ketakutan akan kandas tidak melaporkan kedatangan pada bahaya itu atau secara independen memastikan posisi kapal." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Syrtis" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:17" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 27:16", "ACT 27:18" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "water", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-syrtis" }, { "id": "tarsus", "name": "Tarsus", "summary": "Tarsus dihubungkan dengan Saulus atau Paulus melalui sebutan, tujuan pemindahan, pencarian Barnabas, serta pernyataan Paulus sendiri tentang asal-usul dan kelahiran dalam Kisah Para Rasul. Ini merupakan jenis keterangan berbeda dan tidak boleh menjadi kisah berkesinambungan tentang masa tinggalnya. Kota berbeda dari keterangan wilayah Kilikia. Pernyataan yang dilaporkan juga tidak secara independen memverifikasi status sebagai warga kota, memberikan durasi tinggal, atau mengidentifikasi rumah dalam permukiman kuno.", "anchors": [ { "id": "saul-designation", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 9:11", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "transfer-destination", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 9:30", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "barnabas-search", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 11:25-26", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "civic-self-description", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 21:39", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "birth-self-description", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 22:3", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "648789; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/648789/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "origin-and-birth-descriptions", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "saul-designation", "civic-self-description", "birth-self-description" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul mengaitkan Saulus dengan Tarsus dan kemudian menampilkan Paulus menggambarkan dirinya berasal dari kota serta lahir di sana.", "limit": "Ini merupakan deskripsi dan pernyataan yang dilaporkan dalam teks, bukan verifikasi independen kelahiran atau status sebagai warga kota; kota bukan subjek yang sama dengan Kilikia." }, { "id": "transfer-destination", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "transfer-destination" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menggambarkan saudara-saudara mengirim Saulus menuju Tarsus setelah membawanya ke Kaisarea.", "limit": "Tujuan pengiriman tidak dengan sendirinya mengisahkan kedatangan, menentukan rute, atau memastikan durasi masa tinggal setelahnya." }, { "id": "barnabas-search-and-return", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "barnabas-search" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menggambarkan Barnabas pergi ke Tarsus untuk mencari Saulus, menemukannya, dan membawanya ke Antiokhia.", "limit": "Urutan itu tidak memberikan durasi atau lokasi tepat masa tinggal Saulus atau mengubah setiap rujukan Tarsus kemudian menjadi kunjungan lain." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.tarsus", "aliases": [ "Tarsus" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 9:11", "ACT 9:30", "ACT 11:25", "ACT 21:39", "ACT 22:3" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 11:26" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "648789", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b05-pleiades-648789" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 36.914043134149175, "longitude": 34.89646665894072, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "intended", "claimId": "transfer-destination" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-tarsus" }, { "id": "thessalonica", "name": "Tesalonika", "summary": "Tesalonika adalah latar kota bagi kegiatan Paulus dan perlawanan dalam Kisah Para Rasul. Surat-surat juga menghubungkan komunitasnya dengan korespondensi dan dukungan materi, sementara rujukan lain menyangkut keterkaitan geografis atau perpindahan para rekan. Keterangan ini mempertahankan pelaku dan latar dokumen masing-masing. Keterkaitan asal-usul atau perjalanan Demas bukan kunjungan lain Paulus, dan nama kota tidak menyelesaikan kepengarangan surat-surat, urutan kunjungan lengkap, atau lokasi rumah pertemuan yang masih ada.", "anchors": [ { "id": "acts-visit", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 17:1-10", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "berea-context", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 17:11-13", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "companions-origin", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 20:4", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "aristarchus-association", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 27:2", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "first-audience", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "1 Thessalonians 1:1", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "second-audience", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Thessalonians 1:1", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "philippian-assistance", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Philippians 4:15-16", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "demas-destination", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "2 Timothy 4:10", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "491741; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/491741/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-city-activity", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "acts-visit" ], "qualifies": [ "berea-context" ], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menempatkan Paulus dan Silas di Tesalonika untuk pemberitaan dan menggambarkan perlawanan sebelum keberangkatan mereka menuju Berea.", "limit": "Perbandingan kemudian dengan Berea tetap merupakan penggambaran narator, bukan penilaian independen setiap penduduk atau kedatangan lain Paulus." }, { "id": "letter-community-connections", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "first-audience", "second-audience", "philippian-assistance" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Surat-surat Tesalonika menyapa komunitas bernama itu, dan Filipi mengingat bantuan yang diterima di Tesalonika.", "limit": "Label komunitas bukan nama kota harfiah tambahan, dan keterangan ini tidak secara independen memastikan kepengarangan, tempat penyusunan, atau kronologi lengkap." }, { "id": "other-people-reference-roles", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "companions-origin", "aristarchus-association", "demas-destination" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul memberikan keterkaitan geografis Tesalonika kepada para rekan, sementara 2 Timotius secara terpisah menyebut Tesalonika sebagai tujuan Demas.", "limit": "Keterangan ini menyangkut orang lain dan tidak memastikan kunjungan lain Paulus atau tempat lahir tepat para rekan." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.thessalonica", "aliases": [ "Thessalonica" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 17:1", "ACT 17:11", "ACT 17:13", "ACT 27:2", "PHI 4:16", "2TI 4:10" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 17:2", "ACT 17:4", "ACT 17:5", "ACT 17:10", "ACT 20:4", "1TH 1:1", "2TH 1:1" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "491741", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b05-pleiades-491741" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 40.628342, "longitude": 22.952885000000002, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-city-activity" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [ "philippians", "2-timothy", "1-thessalonians", "2-thessalonians" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-thessalonica" }, { "id": "three-taverns", "name": "Tres Taberne", "summary": "Tres Taberne disebut dalam Kisah Para Rasul bersama pasar Apius ketika orang percaya datang menemui rombongan yang mendekat dalam perjalanan ke Roma. Kisah menggambarkan dorongan semangat yang diperoleh Paulus ketika melihat mereka. Ini merupakan pertemuan selama perjalanan, bukan kisah jemaat setempat atau tinggal di penginapan. Nama tempat tidak mengidentifikasi bangunan tepi jalan yang tepat, durasi penginapan, atau rute lengkap di antara tempat-tempat persinggahan.", "anchors": [ { "id": "approach-meeting", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 28:14-16", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "423106; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/423106/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-roadside-meeting", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "approach-meeting" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul menyebut Tres Taberne di antara tempat yang dicapai orang percaya untuk menemui rombongan dan menggambarkan dorongan semangat yang diperoleh Paulus.", "limit": "Keterangan pertemuan tidak memastikan penginapan, jemaat setempat, atau bangunan tepi jalan yang tepat." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.three-taverns", "aliases": [ "The Three Taverns", "Three Taverns" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 28:15" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 28:14", "ACT 28:16" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "423106", "targetKind": "site", "receiptId": "r2-b05-pleiades-423106" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "site", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 41.56167513388507, "longitude": 12.874282278683129, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-roadside-meeting" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-three-taverns" }, { "id": "thyatira", "name": "Tiatira", "summary": "Tiatira muncul dalam Kisah Para Rasul melalui deskripsi Lidia, yang dijumpai rombongan perjalanan dalam latar Filipi. Narasi menghubungkannya dengan Tiatira serta menggambarkan perdagangan, tanggapan, dan keramahannya. Keterkaitan kota bukan laporan Paulus bepergian ke Tiatira atau identifikasi tempat lahir tepat Lidia. Keterangan itu juga tidak memberikan bukti tempat kerja tertentu, seluruh industri kota, atau tempat tinggal bersama semua orang yang disebut dalam pertemuan.", "anchors": [ { "id": "lydia-association", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 16:12-15", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "550924; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/550924/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "lydia-city-association", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "lydia-association" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul mengaitkan Lidia dengan Tiatira dalam kisah pertemuan dekat Filipi.", "limit": "Keterkaitan geografisnya tidak memastikan kunjungan Paulus, tempat lahir tepat, atau tempat kerja tertentu di Tiatira." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Thyatira" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:14" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 16:12", "ACT 16:13", "ACT 16:15" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "550924", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b05-pleiades-550924" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 38.919999064160905, "longitude": 27.836209064855836, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-thyatira" }, { "id": "trogyllium", "name": "Trogilium", "summary": "Trogilium adalah tempat bernama bagi masa tinggal dalam urutan pelayaran Kisah Para Rasul 20 setelah Samos dan sebelum Miletus. Kisah membedakan persinggahan di Samos dari masa tinggal ini. Keterangan itu tidak menggambarkan pelayanan setempat, rumah, tempat berlabuh tepat, atau durasi tepat persinggahan. Peran geografisnya tetap terpisah dari identifikasi situs pesisir modern atau penetapan titik hasil survei bagi kapal.", "anchors": [ { "id": "reported-coastal-stay", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 20:14-16", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-stay", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "reported-coastal-stay" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Narasi dalam Kisah Para Rasul menyebut Trogilium sebagai tempat rombongan tinggal di antara persinggahan di Samos dan kedatangan di Miletus.", "limit": "Masa tinggal terpisah itu tidak mengidentifikasi rumah, tempat berlabuh tepat, atau durasi, dan tidak ada situs pesisir modern yang diterima berdasarkan nama saja." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Trogyllium" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 20:15" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 20:14", "ACT 20:16" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "site", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-stay" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-trogyllium" }, { "id": "tyre", "name": "Tirus", "summary": "Tirus muncul dalam Kisah Para Rasul pada episode politik yang melibatkan Herodes dan kemudian sebagai tempat pendaratan serta latar komunitas dalam perjalanan Paulus. Kisah pelayaran menghubungkan persinggahan dengan pembongkaran muatan, penemuan para murid, tinggal tujuh hari, dan perpisahan sebelum berlayar melanjutkan perjalanan. Rujukan politik sebelumnya menyangkut pelaku berbeda. Keterangan ini tidak mengidentifikasi pelabuhan, rumah pertemuan, atau situs doa tepi pantai yang tepat, serta tidak memastikan tempat tinggal di luar kunjungan yang dilaporkan.", "anchors": [ { "id": "political-episode", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 12:20-21", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "arrival-stay-and-farewell", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Acts 21:3-7", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "gazetteer-point", "kind": "source-locator", "source": { "sourceKey": "pleiades", "work": "Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places", "locator": "678437; reprPoint (longitude, latitude)", "url": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/678437/json", "publicDomain": false, "role": "catalogue-record" } } ], "claims": [ { "id": "reported-city-stay", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "arrival-stay-and-farewell" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul melaporkan pendaratan di Tirus, penemuan para murid, tinggal tujuh hari, lalu keberangkatan setelah perpisahan.", "limit": "Kunjungan dan durasi yang dilaporkan tidak mengidentifikasi lokasi pelabuhan, rumah, atau pantai yang tepat." }, { "id": "other-actors-political-context", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "political-episode" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Kisah Para Rasul secara terpisah mengaitkan penduduk Tirus dan Sidon dengan permohonan kepada Herodes.", "limit": "Keterangan politik terdahulu itu tidak memberikan kedatangan atau tempat tinggal Paulus." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": "place.tyre", "aliases": [ "Tyre" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ACT 12:20", "ACT 21:3", "ACT 21:7" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ACT 12:21", "ACT 21:4", "ACT 21:5", "ACT 21:6" ], "authorities": [ { "scheme": "pleiades", "id": "678437", "targetKind": "city", "receiptId": "r2-b05-pleiades-678437" } ], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "city", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": { "latitude": 33.2693355, "longitude": 35.201829000000004, "precision": "settlement", "basisAnchorIds": [ "gazetteer-point" ] }, "presenceClaims": [ { "personId": "paul", "relation": "visited-as-reported", "claimId": "reported-city-stay" } ], "linkedLetterIds": [], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-tyre" }, { "id": "zion", "name": "Sion", "summary": "Sion disebut dalam Roma dalam gambaran kitab suci tentang batu dan janji yang melibatkan penyelamat. Nama itu merupakan bagian argumen surat, bukan perjalanan Paulus yang dikisahkan. Penggunaan ini tidak dengan sendirinya menyelesaikan satu rujukan fisik, mengidentifikasi bukit modern, atau menyelesaikan penafsiran janji mengenai Israel. Penggunaan ini juga tidak memastikan hubungan geografis Sion dengan Yerusalem.", "anchors": [ { "id": "stone-imagery", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Romans 9:30-33", "bodyIncluded": false }, { "id": "deliverer-promise", "kind": "scripture-reference", "reference": "Romans 11:25-27", "bodyIncluded": false } ], "claims": [ { "id": "place-name-in-scriptural-images", "claimType": "textual-observation", "epistemicStatus": "attested", "confidence": "high", "supports": [ "stone-imagery", "deliverer-promise" ], "qualifies": [], "challenges": [], "alternativeIds": [], "statement": "Roma menggunakan Sion dalam gambaran kitab suci tentang batu dan dalam janji yang melibatkan penyelamat dalam argumennya mengenai Israel.", "limit": "Gambaran itu tidak mengisahkan kunjungan Paulus, menentukan titik fisik, atau secara independen menyelesaikan penafsiran teologis janji." } ], "alternatives": [], "protectedEntityId": null, "aliases": [ "Zion" ], "namedVerseKeys": [ "ROM 9:33", "ROM 11:26" ], "contextualVerseKeys": [ "ROM 9:30", "ROM 9:32", "ROM 11:25", "ROM 11:27" ], "authorities": [], "relatedCommonsIds": [], "kind": "place", "placeKind": "site", "chronologyPlaceId": null, "geometry": null, "presenceClaims": [], "linkedLetterIds": [ "romans" ], "canonicalUrl": "https://paulineletters.com/id/explore/places#place-zion" } ], "contentDigest": "5480fb7717b664c9ce6ad37f568db9d577097f652fb19baa315c5c900642851c" }